front 1 Which of the following processes is the function of the smooth muscle layer of the digestive system? | back 1 Mixing and propulsion |
front 2 Which of the following processes is the primary function of the mouth? | back 2 Ingestion |
front 3 Which of the following processes is the primary function of the villi of the small intestine? | back 3 Absorption |
front 4 Which of the following accessory organs produces a fluid to soften food? | back 4 Salivary glands |
front 5 Which of the following accessory organs produces a fluid that functions to emulsify dietary fats? | back 5 Liver |
front 6 Which of the following accessory organs stores bile? | back 6 Gallbladder |
front 7 The capability of the GI tract to move material along its length is called? | back 7 Motility |
front 8 This layer of the GI tract is composed of areolar connective tissue containing blood and lymph vessels? | back 8 Lamina propria |
front 9 This layer of the GI tract is composed of areolar connective tissue that binds the mucosa to the muscularis? | back 9 Submucosa |
front 10 This layer functions by secreting a lubricating fluid? | back 10 Serosa |
front 11 These are composed of prominent lymphatic nodules that function in the immune response? | back 11 MALT |
front 12 This plexus is located between the longitudinal and circular smooth muscle layers of the muscularis? | back 12 Myenteric plexus |
front 13 Why do emotions such as anger or fear slow digestion? | back 13 Because they stimulate the sympathetic nerves that supply the GI tract. |
front 14 This portion of the peritoneum drapes over the transverse colon and coils of the small intestine? | back 14 Greater omentum |
front 15 This portion of the peritoneum attaches the liver to the anterior abdominal wall and diaphragm? | back 15 Falciform ligament |
front 16 This portion of the peritoneum is largely responsible for carrying blood and lymph vessels to the intestines? | back 16 Mesocolon |
front 17 The hard palate? | back 17 Is the anterior portion of the roof of the mouth, Is formed by the maxillae and palatine bones, and Is covered by a mucous membrane. |
front 18 In the mouth, this runs posteriorly to the sides of the pharynx? | back 18 Palatopharyngeal arch |
front 19 In the mouth, the tooth sockets are lined with? | back 19 Periodontal ligament |
front 20 Deciduous molars are replaced by? | back 20 Bicuspids |
front 21 How many stages of deglutition are there? | back 21 Three |
front 22 This structure of the stomach allows greater distension for food storage? | back 22 Rugae |
front 23 Which of the following secrete gastric acid? | back 23 Parietal cells |
front 24 This cell secretes the hormone that promotes production of gastric acid? | back 24 G cell |
front 25 How long can food stay in the fundus before being mixed with gastric juices? | back 25 1 hour |
front 26 This major duct carries a fluid rich in bicarbonate ions? | back 26 Pancreatic duct |
front 27 Which of the following gastric enzymes digests proteins? | back 27 Pepsin |
front 28 This is the heaviest gland of the body? | back 28 Liver |
front 29 This is found on the liver and is a remnant of the umbilical cord in a fetus? | back 29 Round ligament |
front 30 This is the principle bile pigment? | back 30 Bilirubin |
front 31 Which of the following is NOT a function of the liver? | back 31 Storage of bilibrubin |
front 32 Which of the following small intestine cells secrete lysozyme? | back 32 Paneth cells |
front 33 Brunners glands? | back 33 Secrete both mucous and an alkaline juice |
front 34 Which of the following enzymes acts to produce monoglycerides as products? | back 34 Lipase |
front 35 Which of the following pancreatic enzymes act to produce monosaccharides? | back 35 Amylase |
front 36 Which of the following pancreatic enzymes act to produce smaller peptides from proteins? | back 36 Chymotrypsin |
front 37 This hormone functions to counteract the effect of gastric acid in the small intestine? | back 37 Secretin |
front 38 This hormone is stimulates by high levels of dietary fat in the small intestine? | back 38 Cholecystokinin |
front 39 This digestive aid, produced by the stomach, begins digestion by denaturing proteins? | back 39 Hydrochloric acid |
front 40 This structure regulates the flow of material into the colon? | back 40 Ileocecal sphincter |
front 41 Which of the following is the primary function of the large intestine? | back 41 Feces formation |
front 42 Chemical reactions that break down complex organic molecules into simpler ones are called? | back 42 Catabolism |
front 43 Chemical reactions that combine simple molecules and monomers to form complex structures are known as? | back 43 Anabolism |
front 44 When the terminal phosphate is cut off ATP, what is formed? | back 44 Adenosine diphosphate |
front 45 Oxidation is? | back 45 The removal of electrons |
front 46 Reduction is the? | back 46 The addition of electrons |
front 47 This is a derivative of vitamin B? | back 47 NAD |
front 48 Which of the following is NOT a form of phosphorylation? | back 48 Reduction phosphorylation |
front 49 Glycogenesis is NOT? | back 49 One way to make glycogen |
front 50 This process is the synthesis of triglycerides? | back 50 Lipoogenesis |
front 51 This reaction oxidizes acetyl co-A to produce carbon dioxide, ATP, NADH=H, and FADH2? | back 51 Krebs cycle |
front 52 Glycolysis, formation of acetyl co-A, Krebs cycle and the electron transport chain are all involved in? | back 52 Glucose catabolism |
front 53 This is the key regulator of the rate of glyocolysis? | back 53 Phosphofructokinase |
front 54 Where can pyruvate dehydrogenase be found? | back 54 Mitochondria |
front 55 The most abundant product of the reaction of the Kreb cycle is? | back 55 Reduced co enzymes |
front 56 The net result of the complete oxidation of glucose does NOT include? | back 56 Oxygen |
front 57 How many reactions take place during the Krebs cycle? | back 57 8 |
front 58 When a large amount of H+ accumulates between the inner and outer mitochondria membranes, this describes? | back 58 Chemiosmosis |
front 59 How many ATPs can come from substrate level phosphorylation during glycolysis? | back 59 2 |
front 60 What hormone stimulates glycogenesis? | back 60 Insulin |
front 61 What hormone stimulates gluconeogenesis? | back 61 Thyroid |
front 62 Glycogenolysis is _______and stimulates by________? | back 62 Catabolic; Epinephrine |
front 63 Thyroid hormones? | back 63 Promote glycolysis |
front 64 These transport dietary lipids? | back 64 Chylomicrons |
front 65 Where does glycolysis take place? | back 65 Cytosol |
front 66 Where does the Kreb cycle take place? | back 66 Mitochondria |
front 67 Lipogenesis occurs when? | back 67 More calories are consumed than required for ATP need |
front 68 Excess amino acids in the body are? | back 68 Converted into glucose |
front 69 Live cells convert? | back 69 Ammonia into urea |
front 70 Glucose-6-phosphate? | back 70 Can be used to make ribose-5-phosphate, Can be dephosphorylated to glucose, Can be used to synthesize glycogen, and Can be converted to pyruvic acid |
front 71 Which of the following are used in "metabolic crossroads"? | back 71 Pyruvic acids |
front 72 In the absorptive state? | back 72 Storage of energy is important |
front 73 Most glucose that enters the liver is converted to? | back 73 Glycogen |
front 74 Keto acids? | back 74 Can enter Krebs or be used for ATP production |
front 75 Which of the following is NOT a postabsorptive state reaction? | back 75 Lipogenesis |
front 76 Cardiac muscles can produce ATP from? | back 76 Lactic acid |
front 77 The most dramatic metabolic change that occurs with fasting is? | back 77 Increase in Lipolysis |
front 78 Which of the following is a factor that does NOT affect heat production? | back 78 Blood volume |
front 79 This is a mechanism of heat transfer that involves direct contact? | back 79 Conduction |
front 80 The higher the relative humidity? | back 80 The lower the rate of evaporation |
front 81 The heat promoting center stimulates parts of the brain that? | back 81 Stimulates skeletal muscle activity |
front 82 Thyrotropin-releasing hormone is secreted by the? | back 82 Hypothalamus |
front 83 Neuropeptide Y stimulates? | back 83 Food intake |
front 84 Which of the following is NOT a major nutrient the body needs? | back 84 Phosphates |
front 85 Provitamines are? | back 85 Building blocks of vitamins |
front 86 Which of the following is a fat-soluble vitamin? | back 86 Vitamin E |
front 87 Antioxidant vitamins? | back 87 Can inactivate oxygen free radicals |
front 88 Each of the following organs is a component of the digestive tract, except the? | back 88 Bladder |
front 89 Which of the following is an accessory organ of digestion? | back 89 Pancreas |
front 90 The lamina propria and mucous epithelium are components of the? | back 90 Mucosa |
front 91 Which of these descriptions best matches the term myenteric plexus? | back 91 Coordinates activity of muscularis externa |
front 92 Contraction of the _____alters the shape of the intestinal lumen and moves epithelial pleats and folds? | back 92 Muscularis mucosa |
front 93 The ______are double sheets of peritoneal membrane that suspend the visceral organs and carry nerves, lymphatics, and blood vessels. | back 93 Mesenteries |
front 94 Sensory nerve cells, parasympathetic ganglia, and sympathetic postganglionic fibers can be found in the? | back 94 Submucosal plexus |
front 95 Sandwiched between the layer of circular and longitudinal muscle in the muscularis externa is the ? | back 95 Myenteric plexus |
front 96 Which layer of the digestive tract has a dense irregular connective tissue that surrounds the muscularis mucosae? | back 96 Submucosa |
front 97 Which of the following is classified as being either squamous or columnar? | back 97 Mucosal epithelium |
front 98 Large blood vessels and lymphatics are found in the? | back 98 Submucosa |
front 99 The layer of loose connective tissue that directly supports the digestive epithelium is the? | back 99 Lamina propria |
front 100 Which of these descriptions best matches the term submucosal plexus? | back 100 Includes a sensory neural network |
front 101 The oral mucosa has ______epithelium? | back 101 Stratified squamous |
front 102 A stratified squamous epithelial lining can be found in all of the following, except in the? | back 102 Stomach |
front 103 A disease that attacks and disables the myenteric plexus would? | back 103 Decreases intestinal motility |
front 104 In the digestive and urinary systems, rings of smooth muscle, called ______, regulate the movement of materials along internal passageways. | back 104 Sphincters |
front 105 The ability of functions over a wide range of lengths is called? | back 105 Plasticity |
front 106 What type of muscle cells are arranged in sheets or layers, with adjacent muscle cells electrically connected by gap junctions and mechanically connected by dense bodies? | back 106 Visceral smooth muscles |
front 107 Waves of muscular contractions that propel the contents of the digestive tract are called? | back 107 Peristalsis |
front 108 The activities of the digestive system are regulated by? | back 108 Hormones, Parasympathetic and Sympathetic neurons, The content of the digestive tract, and Intrinsic nerve plexuses |
front 109 Which of the following is NOT a function of the digestive system? | back 109 Filtration |
front 110 A structure that helps prevent food from entering the pharynx prematurely is the? | back 110 Uvula |
front 111 Functions of the tongue include all of the following, except? | back 111 Partitioning the oropharynx from the nasopharynx |
front 112 ________pairs of salivary glands secrete into the oral cavity? | back 112 Three |
front 113 The roof of the oral cavity is formed by the? | back 113 Hard palate, and Soft palate |
front 114 The space between the cheeks or lips and teeth is called the? | back 114 Vestibule |
front 115 The ridge of oral mucosa that surrounds the base of a tooth is the? | back 115 Gingiva |
front 116 Carbohydrate digestive begins in the? | back 116 Mouth |
front 117 The connection of the anterior portion of the tongue to the underlying epithelium is the? | back 117 Lingual frenulum |
front 118 The uvula is located at the? | back 118 Posterior margin of the soft palate |
front 119 The functions of the oral cavity include all of the following, except? | back 119 Absorption of monosaccharides |
front 120 Which of the following is a function of the tongue? | back 120 Manipulation to assist with chewing, Mechanical processing, Sensory analysis, and Secretion of mucins |
front 121 The bulk of each tooth consists of a mineralized matrix similar to that of bone called? | back 121 Dentin |
front 122 The chamber within a tooth that contains blood vessels and nerves is the? | back 122 Pulp cavity |
front 123 The root of a tooth is covered by? | back 123 Cementum |
front 124 The crown of a tooth is covered by? | back 124 Enamel |
front 125 _______are blade-shaped teeth that function in cutting or clipping? | back 125 Incisors |
front 126 _______are pointed teeth that are adapted for tearing and slashing? | back 126 Cuspids |
front 127 _________are teeth with flattened crowns and prominent ridges that are adapted for crushing and grinding? | back 127 Molars |
front 128 ______are also known as canines. | back 128 Cuspids |
front 129 Functions of teeth include? | back 129 Tearing, Crushing, Cutting, and Clipping |
front 130 ________crush and grind food. | back 130 Both bicuspids and molars |
front 131 True esophagus has several variations from the standard plan of the gut tube. These include? | back 131 Epithelium of mucosa is stratified squamous, and muscularis externa may be striated muscle. |
front 132 During deglutition, which of the following phases is NOT present? | back 132 Laryngeal |
front 133 Muscles known as the pharyngeal constrictors function in? | back 133 Swallowing |
front 134 The ______supports most of the small intestine and provides stability and limited movement? | back 134 Mesentery proper |
front 135 What provides access for blood vessels entering and leaving the liver? | back 135 Lesser omentum |
front 136 Which of the following contains adipose tissue and provides padding for the anterior and lateral portions of the abdomen? | back 136 Greater omentum |
front 137 The serous membrane that lines the peritoneal cavity. | back 137 Secretes peritoneal fluid, Decreases friction, Lubricates the cavity, and Prevents irritation |
front 138 Approximately ________ liters of fluid are secreted and reabsorbed into the peritoneal cavity each day. | back 138 7 |
front 139 The double-layer sheets of serous membrane that support the viscera are called? | back 139 Mesenteries |
front 140 Regions of the stomach include all of the following, except? | back 140 Ileum |
front 141 Which region of the stomach does the esophagus connect to? | back 141 Cardia |
front 142 The greater omentum is? | back 142 A fatty sheet that hangs like an apron over the abdominal viscera |
front 143 The portion of the stomach that is superior to the junction between the stomach and the esophagus is the? | back 143 Fundus |
front 144 The part of the stomach that functions as a mixing chamber for food secretions in the? | back 144 Body |
front 145 The region of the stomach that empties into the duodenum is the? | back 145 Pylorus |
front 146 A feature of the digestive epithelium that assists expansion of the stomach is the presence of? | back 146 Rugae |
front 147 The prominent ridges in the lining of the empty stomach are called? | back 147 Rugae |
front 148 The _______mechanically digests ingested food? | back 148 Stomach |
front 149 Parietal cells secrete? | back 149 Hydrochloric acid |
front 150 Chief cells secrete? | back 150 Pepsinogen |
front 151 Gastric pits are? | back 151 Opening into gastric glands |
front 152 The enzymes pepsin digests? | back 152 Proteins |
front 153 An enzyme secreted by the gastric mucosa of a newborn that assists in the digestion of milk proteins is? | back 153 Rennin |
front 154 All of the following are true of the lining of the stomach, except that it? | back 154 Recycles bile |
front 155 Which of the following is greater? | back 155 The pH of the blood in gastric veins during digestion of a large meal |
front 156 A drug that blocks the action of carbonic anhydrase in parietal cells would result in? | back 156 A higher pH during gastric digestion |
front 157 Mary had her stomach mostly removed to try to overcome obesity. As a result you would expect Mary to be at risk for? | back 157 Vitamin B12 deficiency |
front 158 Lacteals? | back 158 Carry absorbed fats to the lymphatic system |
front 159 Plicate and intestinal villi? | back 159 Increase the surface area of the mucosa of the small intestine |
front 160 Plicate circulares are? | back 160 Circumferential folds in the mucosa and submucosa of the small intestine |
front 161 Which of these enhance the absorptive effectiveness of the small intestine? | back 161 The plicate circulares, The villi, The microvilli, and Intestinal movement |
front 162 Products of fat digestion are transported initially by? | back 162 Lacteals |
front 163 Submucosal glands that secrete mucus are characteristic if the? | back 163 Duodenum |
front 164 Duodenal glands are characteristic of the? | back 164 Small intestine |
front 165 The villi are most developed in the? | back 165 Jejunum |
front 166 Aggregated lymphoid nodules are characteristic of the? | back 166 Ileum |
front 167 The middle segment of the small intestine is the? | back 167 Jejunum |
front 168 The portion of the small intestine that attaches to the cecum is the? | back 168 Ileum |
front 169 The part of the digestive tract that plays the primary role in the digestion and absorption of nutrients is the? | back 169 Jejunum |
front 170 G cells of the stomach secrete? | back 170 Gastrin |
front 171 An intestinal hormone that stimulates mucus secretion by the submucosal duodenal glands and dilation of intestinal capillaries is? | back 171 Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) |
front 172 The intestinal hormone that stimulates the pancreas to release a watery, bicarbonate-rich fluid is? | back 172 Secretin |
front 173 An intestinal hormone that stimulates contraction of the gallbladder to release bile is? | back 173 Cholecystokinin |
front 174 An intestinal hormone that stimulates the release of insulin from the pancreatic islet cells is ? | back 174 Gastric Inhibitory Peptide (GIP) |
front 175 An intestinal hormone that stimulates gastric secretion is? | back 175 Gastrin |
front 176 Which of these descriptions best matches the term gastrin? | back 176 Stimulates gastric secretion |
front 177 The hormone that stimulates secretion and contraction by the stomach is? | back 177 Gastrin |
front 178 Which of these descriptions best matches the term cholecystokinin (CCK)? | back 178 Causes gall bladder to contract |
front 179 Gastrin secretion in response to elevated luminal pH is an example of? | back 179 Local stimulation |
front 180 In response to the hormone cholecystokinin, the pancreas secretes a fluid? | back 180 Rich in enzymes |
front 181 In response to the hormone secretin, the pancreas secretes a fluid? | back 181 Rich in bicarbonate ion (buffers) |
front 182 In response to the arrival of acid chime in the duodenum, the? | back 182 Blood levels of secretin rise |
front 183 A drug that blocks the action of the hormone cholecystokinin would affect? | back 183 Acid production by the stomach, The composition of pancreatic secretions, and The delivery of bile |
front 184 During the cephalic phase of gastric secretion? | back 184 There is an increased flow of action potentials along the vagus nerve to the stomach |
front 185 The gastric phase of gastric secretion is triggered by the? | back 185 Entry of food into the stomach |
front 186 All of the following are true of the intestinal phase of gastric digestion, except that it? | back 186 Precedes the gastric phase |
front 187 The gastroileal reflex? | back 187 Moves some chyme to the colon |
front 188 The secretion of acid and enzymes by the gastric mucosa is controlled and regulated by? | back 188 The central nervous system, Short reflexes coordinated in the stomach wall, and Digestive tract hormones |
front 189 Enterogastric reflexes? | back 189 Inhibit gastric motility, Inhibit gastric secretion, Are triggered by chyme entering the duodenum, and Involve the enteric nervous system |
front 190 Which organ is responsible for dehydration and compaction of indigestible materials? | back 190 Large intestine |
front 191 Powerful peristaltic contractions that occur a few times each day in the colon are called? | back 191 Mass movements |
front 192 At the left colic flexure, the colon becomes the? | back 192 Descending colon |
front 193 At the right colic flexure, the colon becomes the? | back 193 Transverse colon |
front 194 Approximately the last 15 cm of the digestive tract is the? | back 194 Rectum |
front 195 Haustra are? | back 195 Expansible pouches of the colon |
front 196 The taeniae coli are? | back 196 Longitudinal bands of smooth muscle in the colon wall |
front 197 The sac-like structure that joins the ileum at the ileocecal valve is the? | back 197 Cecum |
front 198 A small, wormlike structure attached to the posteromedial surface of the cecum is the? | back 198 Appendix |
front 199 This organ is primarily responsible for water absorption? | back 199 Large intestine |
front 200 Movements unique to the large intestine are________movements? | back 200 Mass |
front 201 Identify the salivary gland that secretes a watery mixture rich in salivary amylase and buffers | back 201 Submandibular |
front 202 Which of the following is false about secretions from the salivary glands? | back 202 Contain enzymes for the digestion of disaccharides |
front 203 The enzyme amylase digests? | back 203 Polysaccharides |
front 204 Each of the following is a function of the liver, except? | back 204 Antibody production |
front 205 The _______salivary glands are covered by the mucous membrane in the floor of the mouth? | back 205 Sublingual |
front 206 Which salivary gland produces a serous secretion containing large amounts of salivary amylase? | back 206 Parotid |
front 207 The ________gland empties into the oral cavity at the level of the second upper molar? | back 207 Parotid |
front 208 The functions of the liver include? | back 208 Metabolic regulation, Hematological regulation, and Bile production |
front 209 Increased secretion by all the salivary glands results from? | back 209 Parasympathetic stimulation |
front 210 A blockage of the ducts from the parotid gland would? | back 210 Reduce delivery of saliva, Cause mumps-like swelling of the face, and Interfere with carbohydrate digestion in the mouth |
front 211 The human liver is composed of______lobes? | back 211 Four |
front 212 The structure that marks the division between the right and left lobes of the liver is the? | back 212 Falciform ligament |
front 213 Which of the following is a remnant of the fetal umbilical vein? | back 213 Round ligament |
front 214 In the center of a liver lobule there is a? | back 214 Central vein |
front 215 The basic function unit of the liver is the? | back 215 Lobule |
front 216 ________are arranged within a lobule of the liver into a series of plates converging towards a central vein? | back 216 Hepatocytes |
front 217 The Kupffer cells of the liver? | back 217 Destroy damaged RBCs, Destroy bacteria, Present antigens, and Are phagocytic |
front 218 Which of these descriptions best matches the term duodenal ampulla? | back 218 Where pancreatic juice and bile enter the duodenum |
front 219 The duodenal ampulla receives secretions from the? | back 219 Common bile duct and the pancreatic duct |
front 220 The fusion of the hepatic duct and cystic duct forms the? | back 220 Common bile duct |
front 221 The exocrine portion of the pancreas is composed of? | back 221 Pancreatic acini |
front 222 The pancreas produces? | back 222 Lipase and amylase, Nucleases, and Peptidases and proteinases |
front 223 The pancreas produces ______digesting enzymes in the form of proenzymes? | back 223 Protein |
front 224 Bile is stored in the? | back 224 Gallbladder |
front 225 Enzymes secreted by the pancreas include? | back 225 Trypsin, Amylase, Nuclease, and Chymotrypsinogen |
front 226 An enzyme that digests proteins into peptides is? | back 226 Trypsin |
front 227 Blockage of the common hepatic duct would interfere with digestion of? | back 227 Fats |
front 228 Tom has hepatitis, an inflammation of the liver. Which of the following symptoms would you expect to observe in Tom? | back 228 Jaundice |
front 229 Tony is a chronic alcoholic with cirrhosis of the liver, a condition in which liver cells die and are replaced by connective tissue. Which of the following signs would you expect to observe in Tony? | back 229 Increased clotting time, Jaundice, and Portal hypertension and ascites |
front 230 The sum of all of the biochemical processes going on within the human body at any given time is called? | back 230 Metabolism |
front 231 Cells synthesize new organic components for which of the following reasons? | back 231 Structural maintenance, Growth and repair, and Production of secretions |
front 232 The citric acid cycle? | back 232 Begins with the formation of a molecule of citric acid. |
front 233 The carbon dioxide of respiration is formed during? | back 233 The citric acid cycle |
front 234 The electron transport system? | back 234 Receives electrons from coenzymes, Produces energy that supports the synthesis of ATP, and Is found on the inner mitochondrial membrane (The Cristae) |
front 235 Reactions within________provide most of the energy needed by a typical cell. | back 235 The Mitochondria |
front 236 The function of the citric acid cycle is to? | back 236 Remove hydrogen atoms from organic molecules and transfer them to coenzymes |
front 237 Cells must synthesize new organic compounds? | back 237 To support growth, Perform structural maintenance/repairs, Produce secretions, and Store nutrient reserves |
front 238 In the ETS,________accepts electrons from one molecule and transfers them to another? | back 238 A coenzyme or a cytochrome |
front 239 Poisons like cyanide bind to _______and prevent electron transfer? | back 239 Cytochromes |
front 240 Cells perform catabolism to generate ATP, which can be used for? | back 240 Muscle contraction, Ion transport, Protein synthesis, and Glycogen synthesis |
front 241 The major job of coenzymes in oxidative phosphorylation include all of the following, except? | back 241 The breaking of carbon-carbon covalent bonds |
front 242 In oxidative phosphorylation, energy for the synthesis of ATP is directly obtained from? | back 242 The movement of hydrogen ions through channels in the inner mitochondrial membrane |
front 243 Catabolism of all the following is fairly common for energy production, except? | back 243 Protein |
front 244 Although other nutrients can feed into the citric acid cycle, ________ yields energy the quickest? | back 244 Glucose |
front 245 The largest lipoproteins, ________ are produced by intestinal epithelial cells from the fats in food? | back 245 Chylomicrons |
front 246 _______carry excess cholesterol from peripheral tissues to the liver? | back 246 High density lipoproteins (HDLs) |
front 247 The lipoproteins that carry absorbed lipids from the intestinal tract to the bloodstream are the? | back 247 Chylomicrons |
front 248 Lipids? | back 248 Provide energy for cells with modest energy demands like resting skeletal muscle |
front 249 In the human body, cholesterol is important because it? | back 249 Is a lipid component of all cell membranes, Is a key constituent of bile, and, Is the precursor of several steroid hormones and vitamin D3 |
front 250 A drug that blocks the action of lipoprotein lipase would? | back 250 Interfere with triglyceride utilization, and Prolong the circulation time of chylomicrons |
front 251 During lipolysis? | back 251 Triglycerides are broken down into glycerol and fatty acids |
front 252 All of the following are true of beta-oxidations, except that? | back 252 Lipids are converted into glycogen molecules |
front 253 Lipogenesis generally begins with? | back 253 Acetyl-CoA |
front 254 Linoleic acid and linolenic acid are examples of? | back 254 Essential fatty acids |
front 255 The essential fatty acids are? | back 255 Linoleic acid and linolenic acids |
front 256 The nutrients that yield the most energy per gram when metabolized are? | back 256 Fats |
front 257 In transamination, the amino group of an amino acid is, _______ yielding a different amino acid? | back 257 Transferred to another molecule |
front 258 The conversion of ammonia into a less toxic substance produces? | back 258 Urea |
front 259 Urea is formed in the? | back 259 Liver |
front 260 For children there are ______essential amino acids? | back 260 10 |
front 261 During the absorptive state? | back 261 The liver forms glycogen and insulin levels are elevated |
front 262 All of the following occur during the postabsorptive state, except that? | back 262 Levels of blood glucose are elevated |
front 263 Glucocorticoids have which of the following effects on general peripheral tissues? | back 263 They increase the conversion of amino acids to pyruvate, They increase gluconeogenesis, and They increase glycogenolysis |
front 264 When the body is relying on internal energy reserves to continue meeting its energy demands, it is in the? | back 264 Postabsorptive state |
front 265 Which of the following complements the actions of glucocorticoids? | back 265 Growth hormone |
front 266 Wally decides to go on a hunger strike to further one of his favorite causes. After many days with nothing but water you would expect to observe? | back 266 Elevated levels of glucocorticoids, Ketone bodies in urine, and Lowered blood pH |
front 267 The vitamin that plays a role in maintaining epithelia and is required for the synthesis of visual pigments is? | back 267 Vitamin A |
front 268 The vitamin that is required for proper bone growth and for calcium absorption and retention is? | back 268 Vitamin D |
front 269 The vitamin that prevents breakdown of vitamin A and fatty acids is? | back 269 Vitamin E |
front 270 The vitamin that is part of coenzymes in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle is? | back 270 Riboflavin |
front 271 A deficiency in vitamin D would result in which of the following disorders? | back 271 Rickets |
front 272 A vitamin obtained from meat that is a coenzyme in amino acid and lipid metabolism is? | back 272 Pyridoxine (B6) |
front 273 Deficiency in this vitamin can result in a condition called scurvy? | back 273 Vitamin C |
front 274 The vitamin that is a coenzyme in amino acid and nucleic acid metabolism is? | back 274 Folic acid (Folate) |
front 275 The vitamin that is essential for the production of several clotting factors is? | back 275 Vitamin K |
front 276 The vitamin whose deficiency causes beriberi is? | back 276 Thiamine |
front 277 A disorder caused by the ingestion of excessive quantities of a fat-soluble vitamin is known as? | back 277 Hypervitaminosis |
front 278 The food pyramid recommends many servings a day of dark-green and orange vegetables. Which vitamin is particularly abundant in this food group? | back 278 Vitamin A, C, E, and Folic acid |
front 279 Inadequate exposure to sunlight could result in decreased amounts of vitamin_____in the body? | back 279 D |
front 280 Impaired fat absorption in the intestine would interfere with the absorption of? | back 280 Vitamin A |
front 281 A balanced diet should? | back 281 Include adequate substrates for the production of energy, Provide essential amino acids and fatty acids, and Contain adequate amounts of vitamins and minerals |
front 282 A high uric acid level (above 7.4mg/dl) can lead to the painful condition known as? | back 282 Gout |
front 283 Obesity is defined as a body weight more than _______ percent above the ideal body weight for an individual? | back 283 20% |
front 284 On a tour of African countries, Don contracts a bad case of traveler's diarrhea. Because he cant eat very much, his body starts to use energy sources other than carbohydrates. This would result in? | back 284 Increased levels of rea in the blood, Ketosis and a decrease blood pH, and Increased gluconeogenesis in the liver |