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  1. Print the notecards
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  3. Cut out the notecards by cutting along each horizontal dotted line
  4. Optional: Glue, tape or staple the ends of each notecard together
  1. Verify Front of pages is selected for Viewing and print the front of the notecards
  2. Select Back of pages for Viewing and print the back of the notecards
    NOTE: Since the back of the pages are printed in reverse order (last page is printed first), keep the pages in the same order as they were after Step 1. Also, be sure to feed the pages in the same direction as you did in Step 1.
  3. Cut out the notecards by cutting along each horizontal and vertical dotted line
To print: Ctrl+PPrint as a list

140 notecards = 35 pages (4 cards per page)

Viewing:

Urinary System

front 1

Arteriole

back 1

small artery

front 2

Calciferol

back 2

active form of vitamin d, secreted by the kidney

front 3

calyx; calix

back 3

cup-like collecting region of the renal pelvis.

front 4

Catheter

back 4

tube for injecting or removing fluids

front 5

Cortex

back 5

outer region of an organ; the renal _______ is the outer region of the kidney

front 6

Creatinine

back 6

nitrogenous waste excreted in urine.

front 7

Cortical

back 7

pertaining to the cortex

front 8

Creatinine clearance

back 8

measure of the efficiency of the kidneys in removing creatinine from the blood

front 9

electrolyte

back 9

chemical element that carries an electrical charge when dissolved in water; are necessary for functioning muscles and nerves.

front 10

erythropoietin (EPO)

back 10

hormone secreted by the kidney to stimulate the production of red blood cells from bone marrow

front 11

filtration

back 11

process whereby some substances, but not all, pass through a filter

front 12

glomerular capsule

back 12

enclosing structure surrounding each glomerulus; also known as Bowman's capsule; collects material that has been treated in the blood through the walls of the glomerulus

front 13

glomerulus

back 13

tiny ball of capillaries in the kidney

front 14

hilum

back 14

depression in an organ where blood vessels and nerves enter and leave

front 15

kidney

back 15

one of two bean shaped organs on either side of the backbone in the lunar region; it filters nitrogenous wastes from the bloodstream to form urine

front 16

meatus

back 16

opening or canal

front 17

medulla

back 17

inner region of an organ; the renal ____ is the inner region of the kidney

front 18

medullary cavity

back 18

(in long bones) the innermost part containing red and yellow marrow

front 19

nephron

back 19

mbination of glomerulus and renal tubule where filtration, reabsorption, and secretion take place in the kidney; functional unit in the kidney; can form urine by itself; 1 million in each kidney

front 20

nitrogenous waste.substance containing nitrogen and excreted in urine; examples: urea

back 20

uric acid, and creatinine

front 21

potassium

back 21

electrolyte regulated by the kidney so that a proper concentration is maintained within the blood

front 22

(K+)

back 22

potassium

front 23

Reabsorption

back 23

process whereby renal tubules return materials necessary to the body back into the bloodstream

front 24

renal artery

back 24

blood vessel that carries blood to the kidney

front 25

renal pelvis

back 25

central collecting region in the kidney

front 26

renal tubule

back 26

microscopic tube in the kidney where urine is formed after filtration

front 27

renal vein

back 27

blood vessel that carries blood away from the kidney and toward the heart

front 28

renin

back 28

hormone secreted by the kidney; it raises blood pressure by influencing a narrowing of the blood vessels (vasoconstriction)

front 29

Sodium

back 29

electrolyte regulated in the blood and urine by the kidneys; needed for proper transmission of nerve impulses, heart activity, and other metabolic functions

front 30

Na+

back 30

Sodium

front 31

Trigon

back 31

Triangular area in the urinary bladder

front 32

Urea

back 32

major nitrogenous waste excreted in the urine

front 33

ureter

back 33

one of the two tubes leading from the kidneys to the urinary bladder

front 34

urethra

back 34

tube leading from urinary bladder to the outside of the body

front 35

uric acid

back 35

nitrogenous waste excreted in the urine

front 36

urinary bladder

back 36

hollow, muscular sac that holds and stores urine

front 37

urination (voiding)

back 37

process of expelling urine; also called micturition

front 38

cali/o-

back 38

calci/o, calyx(calix); cup-shaped

front 39

cyst/o

back 39

urinary bladder

front 40

glomerul/o

back 40

glomerulus

front 41

meat/o

back 41

meatus

front 42

nephr/o

back 42

kidney

front 43

pyel/o

back 43

renal pelvis

front 44

ren/o

back 44

kidney

front 45

trigon/o

back 45

trigone (region of the bladder)

front 46

ureter/o

back 46

ureter

front 47

urethr/o

back 47

urethra

front 48

vesic/o

back 48

urinary bladder

front 49

albumin/o

back 49

albumin (a protein in the blood)

front 50

azot/o

back 50

nitrogen

front 51

bacteri/o

back 51

bacteria

front 52

dips/o

back 52

thirst

front 53

kal/o

back 53

potassium

front 54

ket/o

back 54

keton/o, ketone bodies (ketoacids and acetone)

front 55

acetone

back 55

a ketone body

front 56

lith/o

back 56

stone

front 57

natr/o

back 57

sodium

front 58

noct/o

back 58

night

front 59

olig/o

back 59

scanty

front 60

-poietin

back 60

substance that forms

front 61

py/o

back 61

pus

front 62

-tripsy

back 62

crushing

front 63

ur/o

back 63

urine (urea)

front 64

urin/o

back 64

urine

front 65

-uria

back 65

urination; urine condition

front 66

color test

back 66

normal- yellowish; clear- watery; reddish- large amounts of blood in urine

front 67

appearance test

back 67

normal- clear; UTI- cloudy/turbid with pus and bacteria

front 68

pH test

back 68

normal- 6.5; bacteria present- alkaline (basic)

front 69

protein test

back 69

normal- small amounts; albumin- leak in glomerular protein

front 70

glucose test

back 70

normal- no sugar; sugar present- diabetes mellitus

front 71

specific gravity test

back 71

normal- normal gravity; too high- due to sugar

front 72

ketone bodies test

back 72

ketones present- sign of ketosis

front 73

sediment and casts test

back 73

presence of abnormal particles- due to pathological condition

front 74

phenylketonuria (pku) test

back 74

rare condition where baby cannot break down proteins (amino acids)

front 75

bilirubin test

back 75

present when patient has liver disease; pigment in urine due to hemoglobin breakdown

front 76

glomerulonephritis

back 76

inflammation of the glomeruli within the kidney

front 77

interstitial nephritis

back 77

inflammation of the connective tissue that lies between the renal tubules

front 78

nephrolithiasis

back 78

kidney stones (renal calculi)

front 79

nephrotic syndrome (nephrosis)

back 79

group of clinical signs and symptoms caused by excessive protein loss in urine

front 80

polycystic kidney disease (pkd)

back 80

multiple fluid-filled sacs (cysts) within and on the kidney

front 81

pyelonephritis

back 81

inflammation of the lining of the renal pelvis and renal parenchyma

front 82

renal cell carcinoma (hypernephroma)

back 82

cancerous tumor of the kidney in adulthood

front 83

renal failure

back 83

decrease in excretion of wastes results from impaired filtration function

front 84

renal hypertension

back 84

high blood pressure resulting from the kidneys

front 85

wilms tumor

back 85

malignant tumor of the kidney occurring in childhood

front 86

bladder cancer

back 86

malignant tumor of the urinary bladder

front 87

diabetes insipidus (DI)

back 87

antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is not secreted, or there is a resistance of the kidney to ADH

front 88

diabetes mellitus (DM)

back 88

insulin is not secreted adequately or tissues are resistant to its effects

front 89

blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

back 89

measurement of urea levels in blood

front 90

CT urography

back 90

x-ray images obtained using computed tomography show multiple cross-sectional and other views of the kidney

front 91

kidneys

back 91

ureters, and bladder (KUB), x-ray examination (without contrast) of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder

front 92

renal angiography

back 92

x-ray examination (with contrast) of the blood vessels of the kidney

front 93

Retrograde pyelogram (RP)

back 93

x-ray image of the renal pelvis and ureters after injection of contrast through a urinary catheter into the ureters from the bladder

front 94

voiding cyst urethrogram (VCUG)

back 94

x-ray image (with contrast) of the urinary bladder and urethra obtained while the patient is voiding

front 95

ultrasonography

back 95

imaging of urinary tract structures using high-frequency sound waves

front 96

radioisotope scan

back 96

image of the kidney obtained after injecting a radioactive substance (radioisotope) into the bloodstream

front 97

MRI urography

back 97

changing magnetic field produces images of the kidney and surrounding structures in three planes of the body

front 98

Cystoscopy

back 98

direct visualization of the urethra and urinary bladder with an endoscope (cystoscope).

front 99

Dialysis

back 99

process of separating nitrogenous waste materials from the blood

front 100

Lithotripsy

back 100

urinary tract stones are crushed

front 101

renal angioplasty

back 101

dilation of narrowed areas in renal arteries

front 102

renal biopsy

back 102

removal of kidney tissue for microscopic examination

front 103

renal transplantation

back 103

surgical transfer of a kidney from a donor to a recipient

front 104

urinary catheterization

back 104

passage of a flexible, tubular instrument through the urethra into the urinary bladder

front 105

BUN

back 105

Blood Urea Nitrogen

front 106

Cl

back 106

chloride - an electrolyte excreted by the kidney

front 107

C & S

back 107

culture & sensitivity testing - to determine antibiotic effectives against bacteria grown from a patients urine specimen

front 108

K

back 108

potassium - an electrolyte

front 109

KUB

back 109

Kidney, ureter, & bladder

front 110

Na

back 110

sodium - an electrolyte

front 111

pH

back 111

potential hydrogen, scale to indicate degree of acidity or alkalinity

front 112

UA

back 112

urinalysis

front 113

UTI

back 113

urinary tract infection

front 114

Urea

back 114

nitrogenous waste

front 115

Urinary Function

back 115

2-Kidney
2-Ureter
1-Urethra

front 116

Protein Process

back 116

Protein --> Nitrogen --> Urea

front 117

Cystectomy

back 117

Urinary bladder removal

front 118

cystostomy

back 118

opening of the urinary bladder

front 119

nephrostomy

back 119

opening of the kidney

front 120

azotemia

back 120

nitrogen in the blood

front 121

bacteriuria

back 121

bacteria in the urine

front 122

nocturia

back 122

urination at night

front 123

lithrotripsy

back 123

crushing stones

front 124

enuresis

back 124

bed wetting

front 125

toxo

back 125

poison

front 126

metro

back 126

uterus

front 127

tomy

back 127

processes of cuting

front 128

ren/o

back 128

kidney

front 129

emia

back 129

blood condition

front 130

ectasis

back 130

dilation, widening

front 131

lysis

back 131

breakdown,

front 132

ptosis

back 132

falling, dropping

front 133

ptysis

back 133

spitting

front 134

rraphy

back 134

suture

front 135

rreha

back 135

flow

front 136

poly

back 136

many

front 137

hydro

back 137

water

front 138

anti

back 138

against

front 139

ante

back 139

before

front 140

Urination

back 140

to void / micturition