front 1 What is the name for an opening | back 1 aperture |
front 2 For this type of electrosurgery, both the active electrode and return electrode functions are performed at the site of surgery. | back 2 bipolar electrosurgery |
front 3 By which action does liquid travels along an established path; often used in reference to suture in which infectious fluid travels along the length of the suture strand placed in a wound; also referred to as wicking | back 3 capillary action |
front 4 What is a hollow, cylindrical tube that allows for the removal of fluids or air from the body, injection of fluids, removal of obstruction from ducts, or intravascular monitoring; may be plain tipped or may contain a retention balloon | back 4 catheter |
front 5 What is another name for neurosurgical sponge; used to protect delicate neural tissue and to assist with hemostasis | back 5 cottonoid |
front 6 What is the prefix or combining form meaning cold | back 6 cryo |
front 7 What is a cylindrical device that is used to evacuate air and/or fluids from a surgical wound; may be passive or active | back 7 drain |
front 8 What do we call an opening, for instance in a drape | back 8 fenestration |
front 9 What is it called when forcing powder, gas, or vapor into a body cavity | back 9 insufflation |
front 10 What is it called when washing with a stream of fluid | back 10 irrigation |
front 11 What is the process of enlarging the size of an object with the use of a device such as a microscope | back 11 magnification |
front 12 What is monopolar electrocautery in which the electrical circuit completes a path from the generator, to the patient, and then back again to the generator | back 12 monopolar cautery |
front 13 What is (1) Opposing or counteracting force; (2) a force that delays or impedes action | back 13 resistance |
front 14 What is to draw back; to expose | back 14 retract |
front 15 What are grooves that are located on the jaws of surgical instruments that are either longitudinal, crosshatched, or horizontal | back 15 serrations |
front 16 What is the name for a type of metal that is a combination of carbon, chromium, iron, and other metals; most often used in the manufacture of surgical instruments | back 16 stainless steel |
front 17 What are small projections from the tip(s) of the jaw of certain surgical instruments; used to aid in grasping tissue or vessels | back 17 teeth |
front 18 What pertains to the ureters that exit the kidney and transport urine from the kidney to the bladder | back 18 ureteral |
front 19 What pertains to the urethra, which travels from the bladder to the exterior of the body | back 19 urethral |
front 20 What is stronger and lighter in weight, non magnetic, and more resistant to corrosion than stainless steel. | back 20 Titanium |
front 21 What type of finish - bright finish increases resistance to corrosion but can be distracting to the surgical team because of its tendency to reflect light. | back 21 A highly polished, |
front 22 What type of finish - is less reflective and reduces glare. | back 22 A satin (dull) finish |
front 23 What type of finish - is non reflective and virtually eliminates glare. This type of finish is recommended for procedures involving a laser because it prevents deflection of the laser beam. | back 23 An ebonized (black chromium) finish |
front 24 Instruments are classified as: | back 24 cutting/dissecting
|
front 25 Instruments with one or more sharp edges that are used for incision, sharp dissection, or excision of tissue are classified as ......... | back 25 cutting/dissecting instruments |
front 26 knives, scalpels, scissors, and bone-cutting instruments (osteotomes, curettes, chisels, gouges, and rongeurs). Saws, drills, biopsy punches, adenotomes, and dermatomes may also be classified as cutting instruments are examples of...... | back 26 Examples of cutting/dissecting instruments |
front 27 What organizations? ..... as well as the frequency of employee sharps injuries has driven many organizations to convert to safety scalpels | back 27 The OSHA Bloodborne Pathogen Standard |
front 28 Long knife handles are available for number ...... knife handles
| back 28 3L, 4L
|
front 29 What blade will fit the #3 knife handle | back 29 Blades #10, #11, #12, #15 |
front 30 What blade will fit the #4 knife handle | back 30 Blades #20‒#25 |
front 31 What blade will fit the #7 knife handle | back 31 Blades #10, #11, #12, #15 |
front 32 What blade will fit the #9 knife handle | back 32 Blades #10, #11, #12, #15 |
front 33 What is thee most frequently used Beaver blade | back 33 Blade #69 |
front 34 What is the blade most frequently used and is typically loaded onto the #3 handle | back 34 The #10 blade |
front 35 The #11, #12, and #15 blades are usually loaded onto the ........ | back 35 #7 handle |
front 36 What is frequently used with the #3 handle for superficial procedures requiring a small incision, such as plastic or hand procedures or the #3L handle for use in deep surgical wounds | back 36 the #15 blade |
front 37 The #12 blade is used almost exclusively for ........ | back 37 tonsillectomy |
front 38 The #20 blade is occasionally used for ........... | back 38 long and deep abdominal incisions. |
front 39 Which scissors may be of heavy for tough tissue, medium construction for tissue that is neither tough nor delicate, or light construction for thin, friable tissue | back 39 Tissue scissors |
front 40 What is the term when scissors are used to spread and open tissue planes | back 40 blunt dissection |
front 41 Which scissors are often the scissors of choice for heavy tissue | back 41 Curved Mayo scissors |
front 42 Which scissors are always used to cut suture and rarely used to cut tissue | back 42 straight Mayo scissors |
front 43 Which scissors are used for medium to fine tissue. | back 43 curved Metzenbaum scissors |
front 44 Delicate tissue is frequently dissected with ..... | back 44 curved iris, Jamison, Westcott, Stephen’s tenotomy, or Potts-Smith scissors |
front 45 Which instruments are designed to manipulate tissue to facilitate dissection or suturing or to reduce and stabilize fractured bone during internal fixation | back 45 Grasping/holding
|
front 46 Ratcheted grasping/holding instruments include | back 46 Allis, Babcock, and Kocher (Ochsner), tenaculum
|
front 47 Clamping/occluding instruments are designed to ....... | back 47 occlude or constrict tissue |
front 48 Which clamps are small, spring-loaded devices with atraumatic serrations | back 48 Bulldog vascular |
front 49 Which clamps are designed to occlude bleeding vessels until they can be ligated, occluded with stainless steel or titanium ligaclips, or coagulated | back 49 Curved hemostatic clamps |
front 50 Which clamps are frequently utilized for “tagging” sutures; “tagging” is performed when a suture strand is not immediately cut. | back 50 Straight hemostats |
front 51 These type of retractors are what? Weitlaner, Gelpi, Bookwalter, O’Connor–O’Sullivan, and Balfour retractors, | back 51 Self-retaining retractors |
front 52 A ............ with a blunt edge are typically used to retract the abdominal wall or abdominal and thoracic organs | back 52 Handheld retractors |
front 53 Which retractors are used for retraction of nonvital structures, such as fat or skin. | back 53 Sharp rake-like retractors |
front 54 What are typically found in abdominal, gallbladder, or rectal instrument sets and are often used with guides called ........ | back 54 Probes
|
front 55 What are instruments used to gradually dilate an orifice or duct to allow for introduction of larger instrumentation or to open a stricture | back 55 Dilators |
front 56 Dilators gradually taper to the .........
| back 56 distal end |
front 57 What type of needled holder is called a Heaney needle holders, and are used during certain genitourinary and gynecological procedures. | back 57 curved needle holders, |
front 58 Which surgeon prefers an angled suction tip with a proximal thumbhole that allows for variability in suction strength. | back 58 Neurosurgeons |
front 59 Commonly used for aspiration of abdominal fluids are the .......... abdominal suction tips | back 59 Yankauer and Poole |
front 60 Which suction tip resembles a large, bent hypodermic needle and is included with an adapter for suction tubing attachment | back 60 The Rosen |
front 61 Which procedures typically require a major lapa-rotomy or a minor laparotomy set (also called a major or minor procedures set | back 61 General abdominal |
front 62 What are used for diagnosis, biopsy, visualization, and/or repair of a structure within a body cavity or the interior of a hollow organ | back 62 Endoscopes |
front 63 Edoscopes with or without a ...... can be inserted into body cavities, these include arthroscopes, laparoscopes, and thoracoscopes. | back 63 camera |
front 64 Which scope is used for exploration of the biliary system | back 64 Choledochoscopes |
front 65 Which scope is used for visualization and biopsy of the structures of the mediastinum | back 65 Mediastinoscopes |
front 66 Which scope is used for exploration of the brain’s ventricular system | back 66 Ventriculoscopes |
front 67 Which scope is used for visualization of a fetus in utero | back 67 Fetoscopes |
front 68 Which scope is used for exploration of the ureters | back 68 Ureteroscopes |
front 69 The ........ uses a monopolar electric current to shave hypertrophied prostate tissue from within the proximal urethra | back 69 Resectoscope |
front 70 What uses compressed air, nitrogen, electricity, or battery | back 70 powered instruments |
front 71 Power saws have either a ....... (back-and-forth) motion | back 71 reciprocating |
front 72 Power saws have either a ....... (side-to-side) action for cutting bone | back 72 oscillating |
front 73 The blade of a craniotome cuts through the cranium with a | back 73 rotary motion |
front 74 What motion does a reamers utilize | back 74 slower rotary motion |
front 75 What is a binocular apparatus that uses bent light waves for variable magnification of tissues during microsurgery | back 75 The compound operating microscope |
front 76 What in a microscope refers to the ability of the optical system to filter out adjacent images and to clarify detail. | back 76 resolving power |
front 77 What is the focal length of the objective lens in a microscope | back 77 ranges from 100 to 400 mm |
front 78 What use fiber optics to transmit light waves through the microscope’s optical system | back 78 Coaxial illuminators |
front 79 Which specialties makes use of the fiber-optic headlamp, most frequently | back 79 neuro-, cardiovascular and otorhinolaryngology surgeons |
front 80 What is powered by nitrogen, battery, or electricity and is utilized to thoroughly irrigate a traumatic, infected, or surgical wound. | back 80 pulse lavage irrigator |
front 81 What is often used during orthopedic procedures to irrigate contaminated fractures to clean out the debris and in total joint arthroplasties. Surgical team must wear a face shield to protect from splatter | back 81 pulse lavage irrigator |
front 82 Diseased eye lenses may be fragmented and removed with a ......... | back 82 Phaco-Emulsifier |
front 83 What machine that uses ultrasonic energy (cavitation) to fragment the lens, and an irrigator/aspirator (I/A) to remove the fragments | back 83 Phaco-Emulsifier |
front 84 Which therapy is useful for the removal of vascular tumors, brain tumors, and the prostate gland | back 84 cryotherapy |
front 85 What is utilized to repair retinal detachments and extract cataracts. | back 85 cryotherapy |
front 86 Laparoscopic procedures cannot be performed unless CO2 gas is infused into the abdominal cavity through either a .............. | back 86 Verres insufflation needle or a Hasson blunt trocar. |
front 87 The machine that infuses the CO2 gas into the abdominal cavity is called an | back 87 insufflator |
front 88 What creates a space for viewing an endo-scope and for work within the cavity through cannulas inserted at strategic points through the abdominal wall | back 88 insufflator |
front 89 What produce very small electric currents that, when applied to tissue, help to identify and preserve essential nerves for cranial, facial, neck, or hand reconstructive procedures | back 89 Nerve stimulators |
front 90 what is useful for identifying the seventh cranial (facial) nerve during acoustic neuroma removal, nerve branches, cochlear | back 90 Nerve stimulators |
front 91 Who may use the nerve stimulator to assess the actions of neuromuscular blockers administered during anesthesia. | back 91 Anesthesia providers |
front 92 What may be portable or centralized, and is accessed via outlets located in each operating room (OR). | back 92 Vacuum source |
front 93 What connects the vacuum source with the collection unit. | back 93 Vacuum source tubing |
front 94 What may be reusable or contain a disposable liner, it may have incremental markings to allow estimation of the amount of fluid contained within. | back 94 Collection unit |
front 95 What connects the collection unit to the suction tip. Is usually disposable and may be sterile or nonsterile according to the situation. | back 95 Tubing |
front 96 What removes the fluid from the source. May be sterile or nonsterile, disposable or reusable, and one of a variety of styles ( | back 96 Suction tip |
front 97 What beam should generally be set at a 10- to 12-in. depth of focus so that the intensity of the beam is relatively equal at the surface and depth of the incision. | back 97 Overhead operating light |
front 98 What is used during some procedures on the extremities to restrict blood flow to the surgical site. | back 98 Tourniquet |
front 99 The tourniquet serves two main purposes in surgery | back 99 The amount of blood lost by the patient is minimized
|
front 100 What may also lead to blistering, bruising, pinching, or necrosis of the skin. | back 100 Improper application of the tourniquet |
front 101 What consists of a rubber bladder contained within a fabric or plastic covering, similar to a blood pressure cuff and may house a single or double chamber. The double-chamber tourniquet is used for intravenous regional (Bier) blocks | back 101 Cuff
|
front 102 What connects the cuff to the pressure source. | back 102 Tubing
|
front 103 What consists of an air compressor, pressure controls, pressure gauge, and timer. | back 103 Pressure device
|
front 104 Where is the cuff placed on the patient | back 104 as far proximally on the extremity as possible |
front 105 The tourniquet pressure for the upper extremity is approximately ............than the patient’s systolic blood pressure | back 105 30-70 mm Hg higher |
front 106 What is the recommended time period that the tourniquet be temporarily deflated periodically to permit limb reperfusion. | back 106 1 hour |
front 107 What consists of a compressor that is electrically operated, connecting tubing, and one or more sleeves that enclose that patient’s limb | back 107 The sequential compression device (SCD) |
front 108 What are used by the surgical team to serve as a barrier to isolate and protect the operative site from contaminants and microbes that can cause a surgical site infection (SSI). | back 108 Surgical drapes |
front 109 What may be nonwoven textile fabrics, woven textile fabrics, or plastic. | back 109 Drape materials |
front 110 What are reusable drapes made out of | back 110 Woven Textile Fabrics
|
front 111 What are disposable drapes made out of | back 111 Nonwoven Fabrics
|
front 112 What have an adhesive backing that may be impregnated with an antimicrobial iodine agent that is slowly released after application to destroy bacteria from the patient’s skin during the surgical procedure | back 112 Incise drapes |
front 113 What are applied to the patient’s skin after four towels have been placed “squaring off” the incision site | back 113 Incise drapes |
front 114 What are small, clear plastic drapes with openings that are surrounded by an adhesive backing. They are used to drape eyes and ears. These types of drapes allow the surgeon to view landmarks that would normally be covered. | back 114 Aperture drapes |
front 115 What are large, clear plastic drapes with an adhesive backing surrounding the fenestration and are frequently utilized as drapes for hip pinning | back 115 Isolation aperture drapes |
front 116 “lap sheet”: Abdomen | back 116 Laparotomy |
front 117 Pediatric or “pedi” sheet: | back 117 Pediatric abdomen |
front 118 Transverse lap sheet: | back 118 Thorax and kidney |
front 119 Thyroid sheet: | back 119 Neck, especially the thyroid |
front 120 •Extremity sheet: | back 120 Extremities |
front 121 •Craniotomy sheet: | back 121 Cranium |
front 122 The free ends of the drape are referred to as the .......... of the drape | back 122 tails |
front 123 What sterile pack is used for General surgery | back 123 laparotomy pack; thyroidectomy pack |
front 124 What sterile pack is used for Gynecological surgery | back 124 vaginal hysterectomy pack; laparoscopy pack |
front 125 What sterile pack is used for Orthopedic surgery | back 125 arthroscopic pack; total hip pack |
front 126 What sterile pack is used for GU surgery | back 126 TURP pack |
front 127 What sterile pack is used for Cardiovascular surgery | back 127 CABG pack |
front 128 What skin preparation material may be applied before application of a dressing | back 128 tincture of benzoin or Mastisol |
front 129 What are used for temporary coverage of open wounds due to trauma, burns, or skin ulcer | back 129 Biologic dressings or biosynthetic skin substitutes |
front 130 What is a material that is surgically taken from a specific area of the patient’s own body. | back 130 skin graft (autologous)
|
front 131 What is used to cover a small incision from which drainage is expected to be minimal (e.g., endoscopic incision). | back 131 A one-layer dressing |
front 132 What are used to maintain approximation of the wound edges and may be used alone or in conjunction with another type of dressing | back 132 Skin closure tapes |
front 133 What is a liquid skin adhesive applied by surgeons to close wounds. This strong, flexible agent supports many wounds and incisions with needle-free wound closure | back 133 Dermabond |
front 134 What is used to cover any size incision from which drainage (light, moderate, or heavy) is expected | back 134 A three-layer dressing |
front 135 What extends from the axillae to the hips to immobilize the lower thoracic and lumbar vertebrae | back 135 Body jacket cast |
front 136 What is secured to the torso to support the hip or shoulder in the desired position | back 136 Spica cast |
front 137 What extends from the head (incorporating the mandible while exposing the face) to the hips to immobilize the cervical and upper thoracic vertebrae | back 137 Minerva jacket cast |
front 138 What cylindrical cast of the lower extremity that has a polyurethane sole or rubber heel added to allow for ambulation | back 138 Walking cast |
front 139 What type of dressing is a wet gauze, soaked in saline, antibiotic solution, Dakin’s solution, applied to the wound and allowed to dry. The dried dressing is removed along with any tissue that has adhered to the dressing. Often performed on burn wounds and may be performed under anesthesia in the OR to provide patient comfort. | back 139 Wet-to-dry dressing |
front 140 What type of dressing is a gauze sponge that is manufactured, Sof-Wick drain sponge, or fashioned with a scissors, slit or “Y” shape, to accommodate a wound that contains a drain. | back 140 Drain dressing |
front 141 What is used to assist with hemostasis, provide pressure, support a wound, and/or eliminate dead space | back 141 Packing material |
front 142 What are examples of packing material | back 142 NuGauze Packing Strip-Plain), impregnated with an antiseptic (e.g., NuGauze Packing Strip with Iodoform 5%), or contain a radiopaque marker. |
front 143 What are used to remove fluid or other objects, such as thrombi and stones, from the body | back 143 Catheters |
front 144 What use the French scale for sizing, and are available as small as 5Fr. for infants and pediatric patients and up to the largest size 30Fr | back 144 Urinary catheters |
front 145 What are temporarily inserted through the urethra into the bladder to obtain a urine specimen, decompress the bladder, or maneuver around an obstruction | back 145 Non-retaining catheters |
front 146 What are used to measure urinary output over an extended period or provide bladder decompression | back 146 Self-retaining or indwelling urethral catheters
|
front 147 What uses a balloon to retain the catheter within the bladder, allowing for continuous drainage of urine. The balloon may have a 5- or 30-cc capacity. | back 147 The Foley catheter |
front 148 What is placed into the bladder through a surgical opening in the abdominal wall. Examples are the Foley, Pezzer (mushroom), and the Malecot (winged tip). | back 148 The suprapubic catheter |
front 149 What are placed in the ureter(s) with the assistance of a cystoscope. They are used to decompress the kidney, identify and protect the ureter(s) during pelvic procedures, and introduce contrast media during retrograde pyelography | back 149 Ureteral catheters |
front 150 What are used to infuse fluids (including nutrients and medications), obtain a diagnosis, monitor body functions, and remove thrombi. May be inserted percutaneously or via a small incision referred to as a cut-down. | back 150 Intravascular catheters |
front 151 Which catheter is passed beyond an obstruction within the lumen of a vein, artery, or duct. The balloon is then inflated, and the catheter is withdrawn along with the obstruction | back 151 A Fogarty is a balloon-tipped catheter |
front 152 What are used to aspirate air and fluids from the gastrointestinal tract | back 152 Gastrointestinal tubes |
front 153 What may be passed through the nose or mouth into the stomach or intestine, through the rectum into the intestine, or may be inserted surgically | back 153 Gastrointestinal tubes |
front 154 What term refers to a dual-lumen tube in which one lumen is used for evacuation of fluid and the second allows air to enter for equalizing the pressure within the structure, reducing the risk of damage to delicate tissues by preventing constant negative pressure. | back 154 The term sump |
front 155 What are used to maintain patency of the upper respiratory tract. | back 155 Airway tubes |
front 156 What tube is available in adult and pediatric sizes as well as cuffed and uncuffed styles. The tube is passed through the nose or mouth, between the vocal cords, and into the trachea of the unconscious patient. | back 156 Endotracheal (ET) tube |
front 157 What is inserted through the mouth to separate the jaws and depress the tongue. | back 157 Oral airway |
front 158 What is placed directly into the trachea via an incision in the neck. | back 158 Tracheotomy tube |
front 159 What are the three components of a tracheotomy tube | back 159 outer cannula
|
front 160 What are inserted percutaneously through a “stab” wound to treat pneumothorax or following cardiothoracic surgical procedures to evacuate air and fluid from the pleural space | back 160 Chest tubes |
front 161 What system uses water in the collection unit to prevent air from reentering the pleural space, thereby maintaining the negative pressure necessary for effective respiration | back 161 The water-seal drainage
|
front 162 What allow a pathway for fluid or air to move from an area of high pressure to one of lower pressure | back 162 Passive drains |
front 163 What is a latex tubing that is placed partially within the wound, allowing fluid to move out of the wound into the dressing by capillary action | back 163 Penrose drain |
front 164 What is a Penrose drain with gauze inside encourages fluid to move out of the wound into the dressing by wicking action. | back 164 Cigarette drain |
front 165 What is placed within the biliary system, it drains bile via gravity into a specialized collection unit called a bile bag. | back 165 T-tube drain |
front 166 What is inserted through the abdominal wall into the stomach; removes gastric contents or provides instillation of nourishment (“tube feeding”). | back 166 Gastrostomy tube |
front 167 What is inserted through the abdominal wall into the urinary bladder; removes urine. | back 167 Cystostomy tube |
front 168 What is inserted percutaneously into the kidney; removes urine. | back 168 Nephrostomy tube |
front 169 What make use of negative pressure, and is created by removing air from the collection device manually or mechanically | back 169 Active drains |
front 170 What is typically used following orthopedic procedures when a moderate amount of drainage is expected. | back 170 Hemovac drain |
front 171 What are typically used following abdominal procedures when a moderate amount of drainage is expected. Also used in neurosurgery and other general surgery procedures such as a mammoplasty. | back 171 Jackson, Pratt, drains |
front 172 What is typically used following orthopedic procedures. Effective in reducing dead space due to the strength of the battery-operated evacuation pump. | back 172 Stryker drain |
front 173 What syringe consists of a tip that may be plain | back 173 Luer-Slip
|
front 174 What syringe consists of a tip that may be locking | back 174 Luer-Lok
|
front 175 What are calibrated in milliliters and/or cubic centimeters | back 175 Syringes |
front 176 What syringes are calculated in units | back 176 insulin syringes |
front 177 What syringes are calculated in tenths or hundredths of a cubic centimeter, and contain up to 1 cc of fluid | back 177 Tuberculin syringes |
front 178 What is the most commonly used standard syringe. | back 178 10-cc syringe |
front 179 Which syringe holds approximately 120 cc. | back 179 Asepto syringe |