front 1 How would a chemical that blocks sodium channels in neuron cell membranes affect its ability to depolarize? | back 1 It would completely inhibit depolarization |
front 2 What effect would decreasing the concentration of extracellular potassium ions have on the transmembrane potential of a neuron? | back 2 Hyperpolarization |
front 3 Which type of gated channel responds to physical distortion of the membrane surface? Where is this ability important? | back 3 Mechanically regulated channels/sensory receptors |
front 4 Which of the choices below correctly lists the steps of an action potential? | back 4 Depolarization to threshold->activation of sodium channels and depolarization->inactivation of sodium channels and activation of potassium channels->return to normal permeability |
front 5 Which area of the diencephalon would be stimulated by changes in body temperature? | back 5 Preoptic area of the hypothalamus |
front 6 Damage to the amygdaloid body would interfere with regulation of what division of the ANS? | back 6 Parasympathetic |
front 7 Which of the following is NOT a function of the limbic system? | back 7 Directing somatic motor patterns associated with rage, pleasure, and pain |
front 8 What is the name given to axons carrying information between the brain and the spinal cord, and through which brain regions do they pass? | back 8 Projection fibers; diencephalon, brain stem, and cerebellum |
front 9 What symptoms would you expect to observe in an individual who has damage to the basal nuclei? | back 9 Difficulty starting voluntary movements and decreased muscle tone |
front 10 A patient suffers a head injury that damages her primary motor cortex. Where is the primary motor cortex and what functions will be lost due to the injury? | back 10 Precentral gyrus/voluntary movementscontrolled by the specific regions damaged |
front 11 Paul is having a difficult time remembering facts and recalling long-term memories. Which part of his cerebrum is involved? | back 11 Temporal Lobe |
front 12 Which of these is NOT usually a characteristic function associated with the left cerebral hemisphere? | back 12 Analyzing emotional context of a conversation |
front 13 The relationship between a neurotransmitter, such as NE and cAMP is ___, which is enhanced by a "link" called a ___? | back 13 1st messenger and 2nd messenger/G protein |
front 14 In what way(s) is/are temporal and spatial summation the same? | back 14 Both are methods by which individual EPSPs combine to result in an action potential |
front 15 A patient has damage to several spinal nerves. Which of the major divisions of the nervous system has been damaged? | back 15 Peripheral nervous system |
front 16 You've just touched a hot stove. What type of reflex did you experience ___ and in what way was your brain involved in the reflex? | back 16 Spinal/it was not involved at all |
front 17 Which of the following is true concerning the spinal cord? | back 17 The spinal cord of an adult ends between L1 and L2 |
front 18 Why are spinal nerves classified as "mixed" nerves? | back 18 They contain both afferent and efferent fibers |
front 19 Which of these is NOT a site at which acetylcholine is released at a synapse? | back 19 Postganglionic synapses in the sympathetic division of the ANS |
front 20 Norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin are all members of which category of neurotransmitter? | back 20 Biogenic amines |
front 21 A person you know has experienced sleep problems and prolonged depression. Which neurotransmitter may be in short supply? | back 21 Serotonin |
front 22 Which of the following is true concerning neuromodulators? | back 22 None of these are correct |
front 23 An anesthetic blocks the function of the dorsal rami of the cervical spinal nerves. Which areas of the body will be affected? | back 23 Both A and B |
front 24 Injury to which nerve plexus would interfere with the ability to breathe ___? Which nerve is the major nerve of this plexus? | back 24 Cervical plexus/phrenic nerve |
front 25 If a patient has persistent numbness in the medial two fingers, which nerve of the brachial plexus has been damaged? | back 25 Ulnar Nerve |
front 26 Damage to the long thoracic nerve would cause paralysis to which muscle(s)? | back 26 Serratus anterior muscle |
front 27 Compression of which nerve produces the sensation that your leg has "fallen asleep"? | back 27 Sciatic Nerve |
front 28 Someone with paralysis of the anterior thigh muscles would have damage at which spinal segments? | back 28 L4-S2 |
front 29 What is the minimum number of neurons in a reflex arc? | back 29 Two |
front 30 Which of these is NOT an important factor concerning reflexes? | back 30 They involve interaction with the cerebrum |
front 31 What is the term used when one presynaptic neuron synapses with multiple postsynaptic neurons ____? When is this useful ___? | back 31 Divergence/when braid distribution of a specific input is important |
front 32 Reflex responses usually remover or oppose the stimulus therefore this type of reflexive response would be considered an example of ___. | back 32 Negative feedback |
front 33 One of the first somatic reflexes to develop is the suckling reflex. Which type of reflex is this? | back 33 Innate reflex |
front 34 How would the stimulation of the muscle spindles involved in the patellar (knee-jerk) reflex by gamma motor neurons affect the speed of the reflex? | back 34 Quicker reflex response |
front 35 A weight lifter is straining to lift a 200-kg barbell. Shortly after he lifts it to chest height, his muscles appear to relax and he drops the barbell. Which reflex has occurred? | back 35 Tendon reflex |
front 36 The neurilemma of axons in the peripheral nervous system is formed by | back 36 oligodendrocytes |
front 37 Glial cells that surround the neuron in ganglia are | back 37 satellite cells |
front 38 Many medications introduced into the bloodstream cannot directly affect the neurons of the CNS because | back 38 The endothelium of CNS capillaries forms a blood-brain barrier |
front 39 The spinal cord is part of the | back 39 Central nervous system |
front 40 The ___ is a strand of fibrous tissue that provides longitudinal support as a component of the coccygeal ligament. | back 40 filum terminale |
front 41 Spinal nerves are | back 41 both sensory and motor |
front 42 The spinal cord consists of five regions and ____ segments. | back 42 31 |
front 43 The dorsal root ganglia mainly contain | back 43 axons of sensory neurons |
front 44 After age ___ the vertebral column continues to elongate, but the spinal cord itself does not. | back 44 4 |
front 45 If the dorsal root of a spinal nerve is severed, | back 45 The brain would not be able to communicate with that level of the spinal cord |
front 46 The subdural space lies between | back 46 The dura mater and the arachnoid mater |
front 47 The layer of the meninges in direct contact with the spinal cord is the | back 47 Pia mater |
front 48 A dorsal and ventral root of each spinal segment unite to form a | back 48 spinal nerve |
front 49 In meningitis, | back 49 all of the answers are correct |
front 50 Which of the following is true regarding an epidural block? | back 50 All of the answers are correct |
front 51 The adult human brain contains almost ____ of the body's neural tissue | back 51 97 percent |
front 52 Male brains are typically ____ compared to female brains | back 52 larger |
front 53 During embryonic development, which of the following secondary brain vesicles will form the cerebrum? | back 53 Telencephalon |
front 54 Which of these is not one of the main divisions of the adult brain? | back 54 prosencephalon |
front 55 Which of the following lies between the cerebrum and the brain stem? | back 55 Diencephalon |
front 56 The floor of the diencephalon is formed by the | back 56 hypothalamus |
front 57 The tracts that connect the cerebellum to the brain stem are located in the | back 57 pons |
front 58 Autonomic centers that control blood pressure, heart rate, and digestion are located in the | back 58 medulla oblongata |
front 59 The ____ filters and relays sensory information to the cerebral cortex. | back 59 thalamus |
front 60 Damage to the preoptic area of the hypothalamus leads to which problem? | back 60 reduced ability to regulate body temperature |
front 61 Joe begins to experience mood swings and disturbed thirst and hunger. Imaging studies indicate that a brain tumor is the likely cause of these disorders. In what part of the brain is the tumor most likely located. | back 61 hypothalamus |
front 62 Damage to the substantia nigra causes a decrease in the neurotransmitter dopamine. This causes a gradual, generalized increase in muscle tone, which is the main symptom of | back 62 Parkinson's disease |
front 63 The two cerebral hemispheres are separated by the | back 63 longitudinal fissure |
front 64 divisions of the cerebral hemispheres that are named after the overlying skull bones are | back 64 lobes |
front 65 Parkinson's disease is the result of | back 65 inadequate production of dopamine by substantia nigra neurons |
front 66 after suffering a stroke, Mary finds that she cannot move her right arm. This would suggest that the stroke damage is in the are of the ___ lobe. | back 66 left frontal |
front 67 After suffering a blow to the back of the head, Phil loses his vision. The blow probably caused damage to the | back 67 occipital lobe |
front 68 The general interpretive area | back 68 allows us to interpret what is read or heard |
front 69 Difficulties in estimating temporal relationships between events may stem from damage to | back 69 the prefrontal cortex |
front 70 Extensive damage to the oligodendrocytes in the CNS could result in | back 70 loss of sensation and motor control |