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AST Practice Exam #1

front 1

Which of the following structures is located in the alveolar processes?

back 1

teeth

front 2

Which of the following is the wound classification for a bronchoscopy?

back 2

Class V: Unclassified

front 3

The enzyme used to soften the zonules of the lens before cataract surgery is?

back 3

alpha-chymotrypsin

front 4

How should the stretcher be oriented when necessary to use an elevator to transport a patient to the or?

back 4

enter head first, exit feet first

front 5

Which of the following is a curved transverse incision across the lower abdomen frequently used in gynecological surgery?,

back 5

pfannenstiel

front 6

When perforated metal trays are placed on the shelves of the steam sterilizing cart they should be positioned?,

back 6

flat

front 7

Hyperkalemia is a high concentration of?

back 7

potassium

front 8

Which of the following tissues are cut using curved Mayo scissors?

back 8

fascia

front 9

Which laser beam can travel through clear tissues without heating them?

back 9

Argon

front 10

Permission for treatment given with full knowledge of the risks is a/an?

back 10

informed consent

front 11

Which portion of the stomach surrounds the lower esophageal sphincter?

back 11

cardia

front 12

Low level disinfectants kill most microbes but do not destroy?,

back 12

spores

front 13

Syndactyl refers to?

back 13

webbed fingers

front 14

The surgical pack utilized to create the sterile field should be opened on the?

back 14

backtable

front 15

The islets of Langerhans secrete?

back 15

insulin

front 16

What type of procedure would involve the removal of teeth?

back 16

extractions

front 17

Which organism is a normal resident flora of the intestinal tract?

back 17

Escherichia coli

front 18

Where should the first scrub surgical technologist stand when handing towels to the surgeon to square off an incision site?

back 18

same side as surgeon

front 19

A properly performed surgical scrub renders the skin?

back 19

surgically clean

front 20

Through which of the following do the common bile duct and the pancreatic duct empty?

back 20

Ampulla of Vater

front 21

Which of the following identifiers must be verified by the patient or their ID bracelet prior to transporting a patient to the OR?

back 21

name, date of birth, physician

front 22

What are spiral shaped bacteria called?

back 22

sprilli

front 23

The primary function of the gallbladder is to?

back 23

store bile

front 24

Which of the following is a non sterile member of the surgical team?

back 24

circulator

front 25

Which of the following is not a benefit of using surface mounted sliding doors for access to the operating room?

back 25

aid in controlling temperature

front 26

What are the three factors for reducing ionizing radiation exposure?

back 26

time, shielding, distance

front 27

Which is the first part of the small intestine?

back 27

duodenum

front 28

What is the surgical position frequently used for patients undergoing kidney surgery?

back 28

lateral

front 29

How are rickettsiae transmitted?

back 29

arthropod bites

front 30

Which of the following is an examination of the cervix using a binocular microscope?

back 30

colposcopy

front 31

Compression of the heart from excessive fluid or blood buildup is called?

back 31

tamponade

front 32

Which surgical team member determines when the patient can be transported from the OR to the PACU?

back 32

anesthesia provider

front 33

Which suffix means surgical puncture to remove fluid?

back 33

-centesis

front 34

To which portion of the colon is the appendix attached?

back 34

cecum

front 35

Which laboratory test determines bacterial identification?

back 35

gram stain

front 36

Medication used to dilate the pupil is called?

back 36

mydriatics

front 37

Which of the following drapes is non fenestrated?

back 37

U drape

front 38

Under what circumstances would it be appropriate to remove a patient's identification bracelet?

back 38

never until patient is discharged from facility

front 39

What is the position most commonly used for mitral valve replacement?

back 39

supine

front 40

Which laser is best used during a vitrectomy?

back 40

argon

front 41

Which of the following monitors provides positive assurance of sterility?

back 41

biological

front 42

The apron like structure attached to the greater curvature of the stomach is the?

back 42

omentum

front 43

Which microbes live without oxygen?

back 43

anaerobes

front 44

Which of the following is an abnormal tract between two epithelium lined surfaces that is open at both ends?

back 44

fistula

front 45

What is the action of antagonist drugs?

back 45

counteract the action of another drug

front 46

Which of the following directional terms describes the type of skin prep of an entire extremity?

back 46

circumferential

front 47

What organs are excised is an ovarian tumor is malignant?

back 47

bilateral fallopian tubes and ovaries, uterus

front 48

Which term refers to an abnormal thoracic curve of the spine referred to as "hunchback?"

back 48

kyphosis

front 49

What is the medical term for a bunion?

back 49

Hallux valgus

front 50

What incision is also known as a lower oblique?

back 50

inguinal

front 51

The small intestine attaches to the posterior abdominal wall by the?

back 51

mesentery

front 52

What is the term for a relationship in which two organisms occupy the same area and one organism benefits while the other is unharmed?

back 52

commensalism

front 53

A topical steroid used to reduce inflammation after eye surgery is?

back 53

Depo-Medrol

front 54

How is the surgical informed consent signed if an adult patient is illiterate?

back 54

patient marks with an "X" and witness verifies

front 55

What direction should the stretcher be oriented when transporting a patient to the OR department?

back 55

feet first, side rails up

front 56

Which of the following routine preoperative laboratory studies would be ordered for premenopausal women with no history of hysterectomy?

back 56

HCG

front 57

Which portion of the surgical gown is considered non sterile?

back 57

upper arms, neckline and axillary region

front 58

What is the name of the urinary catheter with a small curved tapered tip used on patients with urethral strictures?,

back 58

coude

front 59

What is the surgical position commonly used for thyroid and gallbladder surgery?

back 59

reverse trendelenburg

front 60

A congenital defect in which the fetal blood vessel between the pulmonary artery and aorta does not close is?

back 60

patent ductus arteriosus

front 61

Which of the following is a commonly used preservative for tissue specimens?

back 61

formalin

front 62

What is the first step taken for an incorrect sponge count?

back 62

notify surgeon

front 63

The mumps may be diagnosed by finding inflammation in which of the following glands?

back 63

parotid

front 64

What institutional document is completed when an adverse or unusual event takes place in the OR that may have legal consequences for the staff or patient?

back 64

incident report

front 65

For which procedure would Trendelenburg position provide optimal visualization?

back 65

hysterectomy

front 66

Which of the following is a nonadherent dressing?

back 66

adaptic

front 67

Which of the following is a fenestrated drape?

back 67

aperture

front 68

Which of the following terms describes a hernia that occurs within Hesselbach's triangle?

back 68

direct

front 69

Which of the following incisions is oblique?

back 69

kocher

front 70

Which of the following dilators are used in the common duct?

back 70

bakes

front 71

Which of the following is a mechanical method of hemostasis?

back 71

ligature

front 72

The organ that is connected by a duct to the duodenum is the?

back 72

pancreas

front 73

A brain tumor causing alteration of muscle tone voluntary muscle coordination, gait and balance would likely be located in the?,

back 73

cerebellum

front 74

What is the term for a relationship that benefits one organism at the expense of another?

back 74

parasitism

front 75

What type of disease is characterized by rapid onset and a rapid recovery?

back 75

acute

front 76

Which organelle is responsible for the production of energy?

back 76

mitochondria

front 77

What type of anesthesia is a combination of inhalation and intravenous drugs?

back 77

balanced

front 78

Who is ultimately responsible for obtaining the surgical informed consent?

back 78

surgeon

front 79

What position is most commonly used for neurosurgical procedures?

back 79

supine

front 80

The outer layer of the intestine is the?

back 80

serosa

front 81

Which of the following solutions should be used to prep the donor site for a split thickness skin graft?

back 81

chlorhexidine

front 82

What type of drape would be used for a flank procedure?

back 82

transverse

front 83

Where should the safety strap be placed on a patient who is in the supine position?

back 83

over the thighs

front 84

Which surgical procedure is performed to correct an abnormality in which the urethral meatus is situated on the superior aspect of the penis?

back 84

epispadias repair

front 85

Which thermal method of hemostasis utilizes intense focused light?,

back 85

laser

front 86

What is the most common cause of intracerebral hemorrhage?

back 86

hypertension

front 87

The larynx is located between the?

back 87

pharynx and trachea

front 88

The most common cause of retinal detachment is?

back 88

trauma

front 89

What postoperative complication is associated with total hip arthroplasty?

back 89

pulmonary embolism

front 90

Which of the following is a type of passive drain?

back 90

penrose

front 91

The vocal cords are located in the?

back 91

larynx

front 92

What type of acquired immunity is a vaccination?

back 92

artificial active

front 93

When would the anesthesia provider request cricoid pressure?

back 93

endotracheal intubation

front 94

Which instrument would be used during a keratoplasty to remove the cornea?

back 94

trephine

front 95

What is the required minimum number of individuals to transfer an incapacitated patient from the OR table to the stretcher?

back 95

4

front 96

Which of the following regulations states that blood and body fluids should be considered infectious?

back 96

standard precautions

front 97

Which of the following is a major source of distress for toddler and preschool age patients being transported to the operating room?

back 97

separation anxiety

front 98

Which structure has oral nasal, and laryngeal divisions?,

back 98

pharynx

front 99

Otoplasty is performed to correct a congenital deformity of which structure?

back 99

ear

front 100

An injury a patient sustains as a result of the care given by a healthcare professional is called?

back 100

latrogenic

front 101

The highly vascular layer of the eye that absorbs light rays and nourishes the retina is the?

back 101

choroid

front 102

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs which of the following is the patient satisfying when he/she trusts the surgical team's abilities?,

back 102

safety

front 103

Which aneurysm usually develops between the renal and iliac arteries?

back 103

abdominal aortic

front 104

The agent used to flush an artery to prevent clotting is?

back 104

heparin

front 105

What is the next step for reattachment of a severed digit after debridement?

back 105

bone to bone fixation

front 106

What type of skin graft includes the epidermis and all of the dermis?

back 106

full thickness

front 107

Which muscle type is striated and voluntary?

back 107

skeletal

front 108

Which of the following terms refers to absence of the external ear?

back 108

microtia

front 109

What is the recommended maximum time limit for a tourniquet to remain inflated on an adult lower extremity?

back 109

1 1/2 hours (90 minutes)

front 110

Which organism causes gas gangrene?

back 110

clostridium perfringens

front 111

Chest rolls should span the distance bilaterally between which two anatomical structures?

back 111

acromioclavicular joint to iliac crest

front 112

Which ossicle of the middle ear covers the oval window?

back 112

stapes

front 113

What is another name for the Kraske position?

back 113

jackknife

front 114

What type of sponge is tightly rolled cotton tape used by surgeons for blunt dissection?

back 114

kitner (peanut)

front 115

Which of these instruments would be used during a keratoplasty?

back 115

cottingham punch

front 116

A partially dislocated joint is called?

back 116

subluxation

front 117

What condition is characterized by build up of fatty deposits such as cholesterol?

back 117

atherosclerosis

front 118

Plaster rolls for casting should be submerged in which of the following?

back 118

lukewarm water

front 119

The avascular clear portion of the eye covering the iris is the?,

back 119

cornea

front 120

How often should surgical masks be changed?

back 120

after each case

front 121

Which term describes a rod shaped microorganism?

back 121

bacillus

front 122

When using the warm cycle of the EtO sterilizer what is the minimum sterilization temperature in Fahrenheit?,

back 122

85

front 123

Which of the following actions would be a violation of aseptic technique?

back 123

repositioning penetrating towel clip

front 124

Which legal principle applies when the patient is given the wrong dose of the local anesthetic?

back 124

res ipsa loquitor (thing speaks for its self)

front 125

The space between the vocal cords is called the?

back 125

glottis

front 126

Which bacteria could be found in a penetrating wound caused by a rusty nail?

back 126

clostridium tetani

front 127

Which of the following retractors is used for spinal nerve roots?

back 127

love

front 128

What is another name for the electrosurgical unit's patient return electrode?

back 128

grounding pad

front 129

What size of Foley catheter is commonly used for adults?

back 129

16 Fr

front 130

Which of the following tumors is typically benign encapsulated, and arises from tissue covering the central nervous system structures?,

back 130

meningioma

front 131

The fibrous white layer that gives the eye its shape is the?

back 131

sclera

front 132

What is the term for thread like appendages that provide bacteria with motion?

back 132

flagella

front 133

What surgical position provides optimal visualization of the lower abdomen or pelvis?

back 133

trendelenburg

front 134

How many hours must an item submerse in glutaraldehyde to sterilize?

back 134

10

front 135

When a patient's blood pressure is 135/81 135 refers to?,

back 135

systolic

front 136

A term referring to a waxy secretion in the external ear canal is?

back 136

cerumen

front 137

Which of the following is an ossicle of the middle ear?

back 137

incus

front 138

What is the term for the process of removing blood from an extremity prior to inflating the pneumatic tourniquet?

back 138

exsanguination

front 139

Which of the following may require probing and dilating in pediatric patients with upper respiratory infections?

back 139

nasolacrimal duct

front 140

Which surgical team member is responsible for setting up the sterile field?

back 140

surgical technologist

front 141

In what circumstances would cell saver transfusion be contraindicated?

back 141

cancer procedures

front 142

Use of an intraluminal (circular) stapler (EEA) would be indicated for which of the following surgical procedures?

back 142

sigmoidectomy

front 143

Satinsky Herrick, and Mayo clamps may be specifically used on which of the following structures?,

back 143

kidney pedicle

front 144

The nasal cavity is divided into two portions by the?

back 144

septum

front 145

Which of the following is used by the surgeon to intermittently remove prostatic tissue fragments during a TURP?

back 145

ellik evacuator

front 146

Which type of hematoma is a result of torn bridging meningeal veins?

back 146

subdural

front 147

In addition to temperature time and moisture, what is the fourth factor that determines the outcome of the steam sterilization process?,

back 147

pressure

front 148

The bowie dick test is performed?

back 148

daily

front 149

The spiral conical structure of the inner ear is the?,

back 149

cochlea

front 150

What is the name of the condition in which a loop of bowel herniates into the Douglas's cul-de-sac?

back 150

enterocele

front 151

Which of these conditions is characterized by a fleshy encroachment of conjunctiva onto the cornea?

back 151

pterygium

front 152

Which procedure would be listed in the OR schedule for a patient undergoing surgical treatment of uterine fibroids?

back 152

Myomectomy

front 153

Where is a Baker's cyst located?

back 153

popliteal fossa

front 154

Which of the following is a method of high level disinfection?

back 154

2% glutaraldehyde for 20 minutes

front 155

Another name for the tympanic membrane is the?

back 155

eardrum

front 156

What is the burn degree classification that involves the epidermis and subcutaneous tissue?

back 156

third

front 157

Which portion of the ear is affected by Meniere's syndrome?

back 157

inner

front 158

The cartilaginous nasal septum is anterior to which bone?

back 158

vomer

front 159

The most reliable method for determining the efficiency of moist heat sterilizers is the controlled use of biological indicators containing the organism?

back 159

bacillus stearothermophilus

front 160

Which neurosurgical pathology would a myelogram diagnose?

back 160

spinal stenosis

front 161

Which of the following terms means a prolapsed bladder causing a bulge in the anterior vaginal wall?

back 161

cystocele

front 162

How many hours must the steam sterilization biological indicator incubate?

back 162

24

front 163

The nasal sinus located between the nose and the orbits is the?

back 163

ethmoid

front 164

What is the definition of otosclerosis?

back 164

bony overgrowth of stapes

front 165

Which of the following terms describes a fracture in which the bone penetrates the skin?

back 165

compound

front 166

For which of the following procedures would a McBurney incision be indicated?

back 166

appendectomy

front 167

What degrees Celsius is the steam sterilization biological indicator incubated?

back 167

55-60

front 168

What is the medical term for removal of the uterus?

back 168

hysterectomy

front 169

Which of the following methods removes small organic particles and soil from the box locks and ratchets of instruments?

back 169

ultrasonic washer

front 170

What is the medical term for nosebleed?

back 170

epistaxis

front 171

What is the proper method for preparing a Frazier suction tip for steam sterilization?

back 171

distilled water in lumen

front 172

Which of the following is a telescoping of the intestines in neonates requiring immediate surgical intervention?

back 172

intussusception

front 173

The minimum Fahrenheit temperature for sterilization to occur in a prevacuum steam sterilizer is?

back 173

270-276

front 174

What is the name of the procedure for the excision of the tunica vaginalis?

back 174

hydrocelectomy

front 175

What is the minimum number of minutes to sterilize unwrapped metal instruments with lumens in the gravity displacement sterilizer at 270 degrees F?

back 175

10 minutes