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Biology 1 Exam Study Guide

front 1

Character

back 1

Heritable feature (eye color)

front 2

Trait

back 2

Varient for a character (brown)

front 3

Law of Segregation

back 3

During the production of gametes the two copies of each hereditary factor segregate so that offspring azure one factor from each parent

front 4

Testcross

back 4

Breeding of a recessive homozygote X dominant phenotype (but unknown genotype)

front 5

Law of Independent Assortment

back 5

When two or more characteristics are inherited, individual heredity factors assort independently during gamete production, giving different traits and equal opportunity of occurring together

front 6

Incomplete dominance

back 6

Appearance between phenotypes of the two parents

front 7

Codominance

back 7

Two alleles affect phenotype in separate, distinguishable ways

front 8

Chromosomal Theory

back 8

Genes have specific loci on chromosomes and chromosomes undergo segregation and independent assortment

front 9

Chromosomal Linkage

back 9

What did Thomas Hut Morgan come up with?

front 10

Modes of heredity in pea plants

back 10

What did Mendel find?

front 11

Morgan

back 11

Who found Genes located on chromosomes

front 12

Griffith

back 12

Who discovered Bacterial work, transformation; change in phenotype and genotype due to assimilation of external substance (DNA) by a cell?

front 13

Avery

back 13

Who found out the the transformation agent was DNA?

front 14

Chargaff

back 14

Who found that the ratio of nucleotide bases?

front 15

Watson and Crick

back 15

Who found the double helix

front 16

Species

back 16

A population or group of populations whose membranes have the potential to intebreed and produce viable, fertile offspring

front 17

Evolution

back 17

The change over time of the genetic composition of population

front 18

Fossil Record

back 18

A record showing us that todays organisms descend from ancestral species

front 19

Artificail Selection

back 19

Artificial breeding can use variations in populations to create vastly different breeds and varieties

front 20

Microevolution

back 20

A change in the gene pool of a population over a succession of generations

front 21

Genetic Drift

back 21

Changes in the gene pool of a small population due to chance (usually reduces genetic variability)

front 22

The Bottleneck Effect

back 22

Type of genetic drift resulting from reproduction in population such that the surviving population is no longer genetically representative of the original population

front 23

Founder Effect

back 23

cause of genetic drift attributable to colonization by a limited number of individuals from a parent population

front 24

Gene Flow

back 24

Genetic exchange due to the migration of fertile individuals or gametes between populations

front 25

Polymorphism

back 25

Coexhistance of 2 or more distinct forms of individuals within the same populations

front 26

Geographical Variation

back 26

Differences in genetic structure between populations