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Chapter 12

front 1

Where is Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulate?

back 1

lateral ventricles: line each hemisphere

3rd, 4th ventricle: in brain sterm

subrachnoid space

front 2

What cells make CSF

back 2

Neuroglia cells called ependymal cells

front 3

what is choroid plexus ?

back 3

Ependymal cells associated BV that produce CSF

front 4

What is the funtion of CSF?

back 4

protects brain from movement of the skull + vertebral column -> brain floats

buoyancy -> weight brain is reduced

front 5

What is hydrocephalus?

back 5

Result from blockage of CSF through CNS (cerebral aqueduct)

front 6

When hydrocephalus occur ?

back 6

Elderly people

front 7

What are regions of the brain?

back 7

  1. Brain Stem
  2. Cerebellum
  3. DIencephalon
  4. Cerebrum

front 8

What is Brain Stem?

back 8

Connect the spinal cord and cerebellum

front 9

What is structure of brain sterm

back 9

Anterior part: contain descending tracts involved with motor control

Posterior: contain ascending tracts from the spinal cord, cerebellum and craial nerve

front 10

what are funtions of Brain stem

back 10

Control of hear rate, blood pressure, breathing

front 11

Part of the brain stem

Midbrain

back 11

Smallest region of brain stem

Composed of tracts of nerve fibers

front 12

what is corpora quadrigemina

back 12

the largest midbrain nuclei

front 13

What are 2 superior colliculus?

back 13

Visual reflexes

front 14

What are 2 inferior colliculus?

back 14

Auditory reflexes

front 15

Midbrain contain pain perception

back 15

Receptors respond to opiates (thuoc phien)

front 16

Part of the brain stem

Pons(bridge)

back 16

  • Cerebral cortex communicate with pons
  • Some nuclei relay info between cerebrum and pons
  • lower part of pons control balance, breathing, swallowing,

front 17

part of brain stem

Medulla Oblongata

back 17

  • Most inferior portion of brain stem, continuous spinal cord.
  • Ra[idly fatal

front 18

What are funtions of Medualla Oblongata

back 18

  • Heart rate control
  • Blood pressure regulation
  • Breathing
  • Vomiting (non)

front 19

What is Reticular Formation?

back 19

  • Begins at upper portion of medulla
  • Some in brain stem
  • Damage can result in coma opposite
    half of the body

front 20

Funtion of Reticular Formation

back 20

  1. regulation of sleep
  2. arousal (hung phan)
  3. maintaining consciousness.

front 21

Part of the brain stem

Cerebellum

back 21

(little brain) smaller version of cerebrum

front 22

What part cerebellum attach to brain stem

back 22

Cerebellar peduncle

front 23

What is Cerebellar peduncle

back 23

  1. Superior cerebellar peduncle: connecting with the midbrain
  2. Middle cerebellar peduncle: connecting with the pons
  3. Inferior cerebellar peduncle: connecting with the medulla oblongata

front 24

Gray matter of cerebellum

back 24

consists of outer cortex and nuclei deep within the cerebellum

front 25

White matter of cerebellum

back 25

consists of tracts collectively called arbor vitae

front 26

Parts of Cerebellum

back 26

Flocculonodular lobe, vermis, lateral he,ispheres

front 27

Flocculonodular lobe:

back 27

• a small inferior part

• Help control balance and coordination

• Alcohol depresses cerebellum so, drinking driver test walking with imbalance

front 28

Lateral hemisphere

back 28

two large hemispheres

front 29

Funtion of lateral hemisphere

back 29

concert with the frontal lobes of
the cerebral cortex in planning, and learning complex movements.

front 30

Part of brain stem

Diencephalon

back 30

Location: between brain stem and cerebrum

Main components: the thalamus, epithalamus, and hypothalamus

front 31

what is Thalamus

back 31

  • The largest part if the diencephalon
  • shape liek yo yo
  • collection of sensory input

front 32

What is Interthamaic adhesion of thalamus ?

back 32

a small stalk in the center connecting two
lateral portions

front 33

What does Sensory area do?

back 33

Ascending axons carrying sensory information project to the thalamus

front 34

How does Sensory area work?

back 34

they synapse with thalamic neurons -> thalamic neurons send their axons to the cerebral cortex -> most awareness of sensory input occurs.

(audiotory, visual,, pain, touch pass through thalamus)

front 35

What is Epithlamus ?

back 35

Small area, superior and posterior to the thalamus

front 36

What does Epithalamus consit ?

back 36

habenular nuclei and pineal body

front 37

What is habenular nuclei

back 37

influenced by the sense of smell

involved in emotional

visceral responses to odors. (mui hoi)

front 38

What is pineal body

back 38

Influence the sleep-wake cycle

front 39

What is Hypothalamus

back 39

The most inferior part of the diencephalon •

A collection of nuclei: connect to many other parts of the brain and spinal cord

Involved with autonomic, endocrine, emotional (limbic system)

front 40

Autonomic nervous system (ANS)

back 40

helpingcontrol heart rate, blood vessel diameter, urine release from the urinary bladder, and the movement of food through the digestive tract.

front 41

Limbic system

back 41

HT is a part of the limbic system and affects mood, motivation, and emotions.

Feeling relaxed, sexual pleasure, rage, and fear are related to HT

front 42

What is Mammillary body?

back 42

involved in emotional response to order, olfactory
reflexes and memory

front 43

Cerebrum

back 43

Logitudinal fissure: divide into left and right hemispheres

front 44

Frontal lobe

back 44

voluntary motor function, motivation, aggression, the sense of smell, and mood.

front 45

Parietal lobe

back 45

the reception and evaluation of most sensory information, such as touch, pain, temperature, balance, and taste.

• The frontal and parietal lobes are
separated by the central sulcus.

front 46

Occipital lobe

back 46

reception and integration of visual input.

front 47

Temporal lobe

back 47

Receive and evaluate input for smell and hearing.

front 48

Cortex

back 48

the gray matter on the outer surface of the cerebrum

front 49

Nuclei

back 49

clusters of gray matter deep inside the brain

front 50

Cerebral medulla

back 50

white matter of the brain between the cortex and nuclei

Consist of tracts that connect areas of the cerebral cortex to each other or to other parts of the CNS

front 51

Parts of Cerebral medulla

back 51

Association fibers, Commissural fibers, Projection fibers

front 52

Association fibers

back 52

connect areas of the cerebral cortex within the same hemisphere

front 53

Commissural fibers

back 53

connect one cerebral hemisphere to the other.

front 54

Projection fibers

back 54

between the cerebrum and other parts of the brain and spinal cord

front 55

Sensory area of the Cerebral Cortex

back 55

Sensory pathways project to specific regions of the cerebral cortex, called primary
sensory areas.

front 56

primary sensory areas.

back 56

Visual cortex: processing visual images in the occipital lobe

auditory cortex: processing auditory stimuli in the temporal lobe

Taste area: perceive in the parietal lobe

Olfactory cortex: conscious and unconscious responses to odor on the inferior surface of the temporal lobe

front 57

Motor area of Cerebral Cortex

back 57

primary motor cortex and premotor area

front 58

primary motor cortex

back 58

controlling motor functions of the feet are in the most superior.

controlling the face are in the inferior region

front 59

premotor area

back 59

the staging area in which motor functions are organized before they are initiated in the motor cortex

front 60

5) Basal Nuclei

back 60

A group of functionally related nuclei located in the inferior cerebrum, diencephalon, and midbrain

Control of motor funtion

front 61

subthalamic nucleus

back 61

is located in the diencephalon.

front 62

substantial nigra

back 62

is located in the midbrain

front 63

6) LImbic system

back 63

Parts of the cerebrum and diencephalon are grouped together

front 64

Funtion of Limbic system

back 64

memory, reproduction, and nutrition