front 1 Which of the following structures are considered to be part of the cardiac conduction system? | back 1 purkinjie fibers, AV node, SA node |
front 2 The _____ are the lower chambers of the heart that pump blood to the lungs and to the body. | back 2 ventricles |
front 3 List in order the three layers of the heart wall from deep to superficial | back 3 1) endocardium 2) myocardium 3) epicardium |
front 4 The ____ side of the heart supplies blood to the systemic circuit | back 4 left |
front 5 Which of the following are components of the cardiovascular system? | back 5 heart, capillaries, veins, arteries |
front 6 The _____ circuit of the cardiovascular system carries blood from the right ventricle to the lungs for gas exchange and returns it to the left atrium of the heart. | back 6 pulmonary |
front 7 The blunt inferior point or tip of the heart is known as the ____ | back 7 apex |
front 8 The broad flat superior top portion of the heart is known as the ____ | back 8 base |
front 9 Place the following chambers in the correct order to best represent the flow of blood | back 9 right atrium right ventricle left atrium left ventricle |
front 10 List the correct order the major phases of the cardiac cycle following ventricular filling | back 10 1) isovolumetric contraction 2) ventricular ejection 3) isovolumetric relaxation |
front 11 The depolarization of the SA node (from threshold to peak) is due to the inflow of ____ and _____ ions | back 11 calcium and sodium |
front 12 The study of the heart and its disorders is known as | back 12 caridology |
front 13 As a chamber, such as a cardiac ventricle, contracts just prior to reducing its volume, the pressure of the fluid within would ____ | back 13 increase |
front 14 The term _____ refers to contraction of the heart | back 14 systole |
front 15 The ____ is the layer that lines the inner chambers of the heart | back 15 endocardium |
front 16 When a normal heart rate is established by the appropriate firing of the SA node, this is known as a _____ rhythm. | back 16 sinus |
front 17 The term ____ refers to relaxation of the heart | back 17 diastole |
front 18 What are the functions of the fibrous skeleton? | back 18 provides structural support for the heart anchors the cardiocytes and give them something to pull against provides electrical insulation between the atria and ventricles |
front 19 Carrying the action potentials the _____ _____ spread throughout the ventricular myocardium to excite the ventricles | back 19 purkinje fibers |
front 20 The volume of blood ejected by the ventricles per minute is the | back 20 cardiac output |
front 21 The amount of blood pumped by the left ventricle is ____ the amount of blood pumped by the right ventricle | back 21 equal to |
front 22 The alternate name for the left atrioventriular valve is the ____ valve | back 22 mitral |
front 23 Cardiac output is equal to stroke volume _____ heart rate | back 23 times |
front 24 The surface indentation that separates the atria from the ventricle is known as the _____ sulcus | back 24 coronary |
front 25 Indicate which of the chemicals an cause an increase in HR | back 25 caffeine nicotine thyroid hormone |
front 26 When ventricles are relaxed and their pressure is low, the ____ valves are open | back 26 AV |
front 27 The ____ wave of an ECG is a recording of the depolarization of the atrial myocardium | back 27 P |
front 28 _____ is the process of listening to sounds made by the body | back 28 auscultation |
front 29 The branch of the left coronary artery that continues around to the posterior of the heart leading to the coronary sulcus is the _____ branch | back 29 circumflex |
front 30 The _____ of the heart is the amount of tension in the ventricular myocardium immediate before it begins the contract | back 30 preload |
front 31 The _____ sac is the outer wall of the pericardium consisting of a fibrous layer lined by a serous layer also called the parietal pericardium | back 31 pericardial |
front 32 The heart receives innervation from | back 32 both sympathetic and parasympathetic systems |
front 33 The left and right ventricles are separated by the ____ _____ | back 33 interventricular septum |
front 34 The opening between the atria and the ventricles is regulated by the | back 34 atrioventricular |
front 35 A resting heart rate below 60 bpm is known as | back 35 bradycardia |
front 36 The blood vessels that supply nutrients and oxygen only to the heart muscle make up the specific type of circulation called the _____ circulation | back 36 coronary |
front 37 One specific type of arrhythmia is _____ _____, which is failure of the cardiac conduction system to transmit signals | back 37 heart block |
front 38 The blood vessel that collects venous drainage from the anterior side of the heart and travels alongside the anterior interventricular artery is the _____ vein | back 38 great cardiac |
front 39 The cardiocytes are described as _____ because individual cells can depolarize on their own without outside stimulation | back 39 autorhythmic |
front 40 The difference between maximum cardiac output and resting cardiac output is referred to as the cardiac | back 40 reserve |
front 41 The fibrous structure indicated in the figure i the ____ sac | back 41 pericardial |
front 42 The contraction of a cardiocyte occurs during the ____ phase of its action potential | back 42 plateau |
front 43 The ____ is a double-walled sac enclosing the heart | back 43 pericardium |
front 44 When a portion o the hear wall other than the SA or AV node spontaneously depolarize, this is known as | back 44 ectopic focus |
front 45 The heart has 3 layers. The outermost layer of the heart is called the _____ | back 45 epicardium |
front 46 An abnormal cardiac rhythm is considered an | back 46 arrythemia, arrhthmia, arrythmia |
front 47 Another name for the epicardium is the _____ pericardium | back 47 visceral |
front 48 The amount of blood ejected by a ventricle is ____ the amount of blood received during ventricular filling | back 48 the same as |
front 49 With the onset of ventricular contraction, the pressure within the ventricles | back 49 increases |
front 50 Closing of the aortic and pulmonary semilunar valves produces the ____ heart sound | back 50 second |
front 51 During which phase of the cardiac cycle does blood flow through the coronary circulation? | back 51 ventricular diastole |
front 52 The QRS wave of an ECG represents the _____ of the ventricular myocardium | back 52 depolarization |
front 53 When ventricles contract, blood surging against the ____ valves forces them closed | back 53 AV |
front 54 A ____ is the instrument used to measure blood pressure | back 54 sphygmomanometer |
front 55 Which arterial branch of the left coronary artery travels down to the apex of the heart? | back 55 anterior interventricular |
front 56 The role of the papillary muscles is to do what? | back 56 tense the tendinous cords just prior to ventricular contraction |
front 57 The opening and closing of heart valves are governed by changes in ____ within chambers | back 57 pressure |
front 58 The valve between the right atrium and ventricle is specifically called the ____ valve | back 58 tricuspid |
front 59 The outermost layer of the heart wall is the | back 59 epicardium |
front 60 The strength of contraction for a given preload is defined as the ____ of the myocardium | back 60 contractility |
front 61 In the posterior coronary sulcus is a large vein called the _____, which collects venous drainage from all of the coronary veins and drains into the right atrium | back 61 coronary sinus |
front 62 A patient presents with a persistently elevated heart rate over 100 bpm. The clinical condition is known as | back 62 tachycardia |
front 63 Cardiostimulatory effects of the cardiac center are transmitted to the heart via fibers of the ____ branch of the autonomic nervous system | back 63 sympathetic |
front 64 When the volume of blood within a heart chamber is decreased (leaving the chamber), the pressure within that chamber is | back 64 decreased |
front 65 The closing of the atrioventricular valves produces which of the heart sounds? | back 65 the first |
front 66 The semilunar valves will open when the pressure within the ____ exceeds the pressure within the ______ | back 66 ventricles, greater arteries |
front 67 Depolarization of a cardiocyte is due to the opening of _____ channels | back 67 sodium |
front 68 Stimulatuon of the SA node by the ____ nervous system raises the heart rate | back 68 sympathetic |
front 69 Which of the following best describes what happens in the cardiac cycle during the T-wave of an ECG? | back 69 the ventricles repolarize |
front 70 The ____ center of the medulla oblongata initiates autonomic output to the heart | back 70 cardiac |
front 71 The groove that extends downward from the coronary sulcus on the front of the heart is the anterior _____ sulcus | back 71 interventricular |
front 72 The right and left coronary arteries arise from the | back 72 aorta |
front 73 When the AV node acts as pacemaker, the slower heartbeat is called a _____ rhythm | back 73 nodal |
front 74 The blood vessel within the posterior interventricular sulcus on the back of the heart that collects venous drainage from the posterior portion of the heart is the posterior _____ vein | back 74 interventricular |
front 75 If the volume of blood pumped by the right side of the heart is less than that pumped by the left side of the heart, the result would be | back 75 systemic edema |