front 1 This circuit carries blood to and from gas exchange surfaces of the lungs. | back 1 The pulmonary circut |
front 2 This circuit carries blood to and from the body and the blood alternates between this system and the pulmonary system. | back 2 The Systemic circuit |
front 3 List the 4 chambers of the heart. | back 3 Right and Left Ventricle Right and Left Atrium |
front 4 This heart chamber collects blood from systemic circuit. | back 4 Right atrium |
front 5 This heart chamber pumps blood to pulmonary circuited. | back 5 Right Ventricle |
front 6 This heart chamber collects blood from the pulmonary circuit. | back 6 Left Atrium |
front 7 This heart chamber pumps blood to systemic circuit. | back 7 Left ventricle |
front 8 The pericardium has how many layers? | back 8 Two layers |
front 9 What are the two layers of the pericardium? | back 9 Parental layer Visceral Layer (epicardium) |
front 10 The two layers of the pericardium are separated by what? | back 10 fluid-filled pericardial cavity (to decrease friction) |
front 11 This layer of the pericardium lines internal surface of the fibrous pericardium | back 11 Parietal layer |
front 12 This layer other pericardium is on the external surface of the heart. | back 12 The visceral layer (epicardium) |
front 13 What are the three layers of the heart wall? | back 13 1. Epicardium 2.Myocardium 3. Endocardium |
front 14 The atrioventricular (AV) valves do what two things? | back 14 Connect R. atrium to R. Vertical and L. Atrium to L. ventrical Permit blood to flow in one direction (from atria to ventricles) |
front 15 The right atrium receives blood from the head, neck, upper limbs, and chest from what vein? | back 15 Superior vena cava |
front 16 The right atrium receives blood from trunk, viscera, and lower limbs from what vein? | back 16 Inferior vena cava |
front 17 The superior and inferior vena cava return blood to what sinus? | back 17 Coronary sinus that opens into the right atrium. |
front 18 In the right ventricle, valve free edges attach to __________ __________ from __________ _________ of ventricles. | back 18 Charade tendineae Papillary muscles |
front 19 What prevents the valve in the right ventricle from opening backwards? | back 19 The chorea tendinaea |
front 20 What is another name for the right atrioventricular (AV) valve? | back 20 Tricuspid valve |
front 21 Blood from the L atrium passes to the ______ ______ through the _______ _______ ________. | back 21 Left ventricle Left Atrioventricular (AV) valve |
front 22 What are two other names for the L AV valve? | back 22 Bicuspid valve Mitral valve |
front 23 The L vertical holds the same volume as the _____ ______. | back 23 Right ventricle |
front 24 Which muscle wall in the heart is thicker and more powerful? | back 24 Left vertical wall |
front 25 While the left ventricle sis similar internally to the right ventricle, it lacks what? | back 25 Moderator band |
front 26 The AV valves are located between the _______ and the ________. | back 26 Atria Ventricles |
front 27 The AV valves are closed by ______ _______ during ventricular contraction | back 27 Blood pressure |
front 28 The ________ muscles tense ______ _______ to prevent valves from swinging into atria. | back 28 papillary Chordae tendineae |
front 29 These valves have three cups support like a tripod, have no muscular support, and prevent backflow from the pulmonary trunk and aorta into the ventricles. | back 29 Semilunar valves |
front 30 The blood supply to the heart tissue is via the __________ _____________. | back 30 Coronary circulation (coronary arteries and veins) |
front 31 Heart disease is also known as _______ ________ ______. | back 31 Coronary artery disease (CAD) |
front 32 CAD happens when areas of partial or complete blockage of what happens? | back 32 Coronary ciruclation |
front 33 When reduced circulatory supply happens, ______ ______ results from partial or complete blockage of coronary arteries. | back 33 Coronary ischemia |
front 34 Reduction in blood flow to heart muscle produces a corresponding reduction in __________ __________. | back 34 Cardiac preformance |
front 35 CAD's usual cause is what? | back 35 formation of a fatty deposit or atherosclerotic plaque, in the wall of the coronary vessel |
front 36 Another name for a plaque clot is what? | back 36 thrombus |
front 37 Spasms in smooth muscles of the vessel wall can further ________ or stop ________ ________. | back 37 decrease blood flow |
front 38 One of the first symptoms of CAD is commonly _______ _________. | back 38 angina pectoris |
front 39 Define angina pectoris | back 39 Chest pain |
front 40 Even though an individual may feel comfortable at rest, what things can produce the sensation of pressure, chest constriction, and radiating pain? | back 40 Exertion or emotional stress |
front 41 What is another term for a heart attack? | back 41 Myocardial infarction (MI) |
front 42 What happens to the heart in a myocardial infarction? | back 42 Part of the coronary circulation becomes blocked and cardiac muscle cells die from lack of oxygen |
front 43 Heart attacks most commonly result from what? | back 43 Severe CAD |
front 44 The death of affected tissue creates a nonfunctional area known as what? | back 44 An infarct |
front 45 What determines the consequences of a heart attack? | back 45 The site and nature of the circulatory blockage |
front 46 If the site of the blockage of a heart attack occurs near the start of one of the coronary arteries, what can be the results? | back 46 The damage will be widespread and the heart may stop beating |
front 47 If the site of the blockage of a heart attack involves one of the smaller arterial branches, what re the most common results? | back 47 The individual may survive the immediate crisis but may have complications such as reduced contractility and cardiac arrhythmias |
front 48 Define coronary thrombosis. | back 48 Thrombus formation of plaque in a heart vessel |
front 49 If a heart vessel is already narrowed by plaque formation, it may also become blocked by a sudden spasm of what? | back 49 The smooth muscles of the vascular wall |
front 50 How is the pain experienced in a myocardial infarction (MI) different from that experienced in pectoral angina? | back 50 It is persistent, even at rest |
front 51 Why are some myocardial infractions never diagnosed? | back 51 Pain does not always accompany a heart attack. |
front 52 If no pain is present, what can be used to diagnose a heart attack? | back 52 An ECG and blood studies |
front 53 How do blood studies assist in helping to diagnose a heart attack? | back 53 Damaged myocardial cells release enzymes into the circulation that can be picked up in blood tests |