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37 notecards = 10 pages (4 cards per page)

Viewing:

Chapter Ten: Agriculture and the Future of Food

front 1

Describe the Green Revolution

back 1

  • technologies that resulted in remarkable increases in crop production

front 2

What was Norman Borlaug's role in the Green Revolution?

back 2

  • bred dwarf hybrid wheat with a large head and thick stalk
  • awarded the Noble Peace Prize in 1970

front 3

Negative impacts of the Green Revolution

back 3

  • water shortages are increasing
  • requirement of fertilizer, pesticides, and energy-use mechanized labor
  • has not eradicated hunger or poverty
  • Uneven distribution of land

front 4

Positive impacts of the Green Revolution

back 4

  • decreased deforestation in developing nation
  • preserved biodiversity and ecosystems
  • intensified agriculture saved millions from starvation

front 5

organisms that have been genetically engineered by recombinant DNA

back 5

Genetically modified organisms

front 6

What is recombinant DNA?

back 6

  • DNA created from multiple organisms

front 7

Genetic engineering involves the

back 7

addition, deletion, or modification of DNA

front 8

What is biotechnology?

back 8

  • application of biological science to create products derived from organisms

front 9

What is a transgenic organism?

back 9

  • an organism that contains DNA from another species

front 10

What are transgenes?

back 10

  • the genes that have moved between organisms

front 11

Biotechnology has created

back 11

  • medicines
  • cleaned up pollution
  • dissolved blood clots

front 12

How are genetic engineering and traditional breeding similar?

back 12

  • altering crop genes by artificial selection for thousands of years
  • both approaches modify organisms genetically

front 13

How are genetic engineering and traditional breeding different?

back 13

  • GE can mix genes of very different species
  • GE is in vitro lab work, not with whole organisms
  • GE uses gene combination that didn't come together on their own

front 14

Name three examples of GMOs

back 14

  • broccoli: better taste
  • corn: increase production and exterminate replanting seeds
  • banana: reduce size of seeds and improve sweet flavor

front 15

What percentage of processed foods in the US contain GMOs?

back 15

  • 60%

front 16

Biological Pests

back 16

organisms such as insects or fungi that compete with humans to consume agricultural crops

front 17

Pesticides

back 17

chemicals that kill biological pests

front 18

What are pesticides?

back 18

poisons that target pest organisms

front 19

What do insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides kill?

back 19

insects, plants, and fungi

front 20

Pest

back 20

any organism that damages valuable crops

front 21

Weed

back 21

any plant that competes with crops

front 22

How many kg of pesticides are applied in the U.S. each year?

back 22

  • 400 million
    • 75% is applied to agricultural land

front 23

High consumption leads to feedlot agriculture. What are feedlots?

back 23

Huge warehouses or pens in which high density factory animals such as chickens, pigs, and cows are held.

front 24

List and describe concerns about GMOs

back 24

  • limit biodiversity
  • introduce chemicals

front 25

Why has our production of food increased over the past 50 years despite the growing population?

  • a) We have become more sustainable in food production
  • b) We have doubled the land used for agricultural production
  • c) Technology in the form of fossil fuels, pesticides, and fertilizers have increased production
  • d) We have not produced more food in the past several decades

back 25

  • c) Technology in the form of fossil fuels, pesticides, and fertilizers have increased production

front 26

Which term means "a shortage of nutrients the body needs"?

  • a) undernourishment
  • b) Overnutrition
  • c) Food security
  • d) Malnutrition

back 26

  • d) malnutrition

front 27

Which of the following is NOT correct about monocultures?

  • a) They are an efficient way to produce food
  • b) They increase biodiversity
  • c) They make crops more susceptible to diseases
  • d) They narrow human diets

back 27

b) They increase biodiversity

front 28

Which of the following is NOT a part of Integrated Pest Management (IPM)?

  • a) No-till farming
  • b) Biocontrol
  • c) Some chemical use
  • d) All are a part of IPM

back 28

  • d) All are a part of IPM

front 29

How does GM food production differ from traditional, selective breeding?

  • a) It does not differ
  • b) It uses genes from different species
  • c) It involves more fieldwork
  • d) It works better in developing countries

back 29

  • b) It uses genes from different species

front 30

What is a "seed bank"?

  • a) an institution that preserves seed types for their genetic diversity]
  • b) a form of banking in developing countries, where people can put their excess seeds up as collateral for a loan
  • c) a form of genetically modified organism
  • d) an areas where livestock are fed high-quality grains

back 30

  • An institution that preserves seed types for they genetic diversity

front 31

Which of the following is the fastest growing type of agriculture?

  • a) Concentrated animal feeding operations
  • b) Sustainable agriculture
  • c) Aquaculture
  • d) Monocultures

back 31

  • a) Concentrated animal feeding operations

front 32

If the average person eats 3 kg of meat per week, how many kg of grain are required if the meat came from a cow?

  • a) 60 kg
  • b) 22 kg
  • c) 3 kg
  • d) 12 kg

back 32

a) 60 kg

front 33

What does the graph tell us about the total food production and per capita food production over the past 50 years?

  • a) Both have increased
  • b) While total food production has increased, there has been about the same amount of food per person for the past 30 years
  • c) They both shrank at the same rate
  • d) Total production has slowed down, but there is more food per person

back 33

b) While total food production has increased, there has been about the same amount of food per person for the past 30 years

front 34

of all human food now comes from only 15 crop species and 8 livestock species

back 34

  • 90%

front 35

What is biological control?

back 35

  • uses a pest's predators to control the pest

front 36

What does biological control do?

back 36

  • reduces pest populations without chemicals
  • reduces chemical use

front 37

Integrated Pest Management may involve:

back 37

  • Biocontrol
  • Pesticides
  • Close population monitoring
  • Habitat modification
  • Crop rotation
  • Transgenic crops
  • Alternative tillage
  • Mechanical pest removal