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HESI A2- Anatomy & Physiology - Chapter 7- Key Terms

front 1

Alimentary canal

back 1

The digestive tube that consists of the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus

front 2

Anatomic position

back 2

The position of the body where the body is erect, the feet are slightly apart, the head is held high, and the palms of the hands are facing forward.

front 3

Anterior

back 3

View facing forward

front 4

Appendicular skeleton

back 4

The part of the skeleton that includes the girdles and the limbs. The upper portion consists of the pectoral or shoulder girdle, the clavicle and scapula, and the upper extremity. The bones of the arm are the humerus, the radius and ulna, the carpals (wrist bones), the metacarpals (bones of the hand), and the phalanges (bones of the fingers). The lower portion of the appendicular skeleton is made up of the pelvic girdle or os coxae. Each of the os coxae consists of a fused ilium, ischium, and pubis. Bones of the lower extremity include the femur (thighbone), the tibia and fibula, the tarsals (ankle bones), the metatarsals (bones of the foot), and the phalanges.

front 5

Arterioles

back 5

The smallest type of arteries.

front 6

Axial skeleton

back 6

The 28 bones of the skull. These are separated into the 14 facial bones and the 14 bones of the cranium.

front 7

Bolus

back 7

A ball of food that is formed after the food is broken down by the teeth and saliva.

front 8

Cell

back 8

The basic unit of life and the building block of tissues and organs.

front 9

Cerebellum

back 9

A part of the brain responsible for muscular coordination.

front 10

Cerebrum

back 10

The part of the brain associated with movement and sensory input.

front 11

Chyme

back 11

The soupy substance that is created by the stomach churning and mixing the bolus food mass.

front 12

Dermis

back 12

The layer of skin that consists of the underlying layer of connective tissue with blood vessels, nerve endings, and the associated skin structures.

front 13

Distal

back 13

Term of direction usually used in reference to limbs. Distal refers to further away from the point of attachment.

front 14

Epidermis

back 14

The layer of skin that consists of the outermost protective layer of dead keratinized epithelial cells.

front 15

Erythrocytes

back 15

Red blood cells.

front 16

External respiration

back 16

The exchange of gases between the atmosphere and the blood through the alveoli.

front 17

Hemopoiesis

back 17

Blood cell formation.

front 18

Histology

back 18

The study of tissues

front 19

Inferior

back 19

View from below.

front 20

Infundibulum

back 20

The stalk that attaches the pituitary gland to the hypothalamus.

front 21

Internal respiration

back 21

The exchange of gases between the blood and the body cells.

front 22

Lateral

back 22

Away from the midline or toward the sides.

front 23

Leukocytes

back 23

White blood cells.

front 24

Medial

back 24

View toward the midline.

front 25

Medulla oblongata

back 25

The part of the brain that controls many vital functions such as respiration and heart rate.

front 26

Meiosis

back 26

Type of nuclear division that occurs as part of sexual reproduction; each daughter cell receives the haploid number of chromosomes.

front 27

Mitosis

back 27

Type of cell division that produces two identical daughter cells; phases include prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.

front 28

Neuroglia

back 28

Connective tissue cells in nerve tissue.

front 29

Osteoblasts

back 29

The cells that form compact bone.

front 30

Platelets

back 30

An element of blood that is active in the process of blood clotting.

front 31

Posterior

back 31

View toward the back.

front 32

Progesterone

back 32

A hormone secreted by the corpus luteum, which further stimulates development of the endometrium.

front 33

Proximal

back 33

Term of direction usually used in reference to limbs. Proximal means closer to the point of attachment.

front 34

Sarcomeres

back 34

Small units that make up myofibrils, which make up each muscle cell.

front 35

Superior

back 35

View from above .

front 36

Synergists

back 36

Muscles that work in cooperation with the prime mover muscle.