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Chapter 24

front 1 1) The molecule that serves as the major source of readily available fuel for neurons and blood cells is ________. A) fat B) glucose C) acetyl CoA D) cellulose	back 1 B) glucose
front 2 2) Which of the choices below is not a fate of carbohydrate taken into the body? A) ATP production B) lipogenesis C) amino acid synthesis D) conversion to a nucleic acid E) glycogenesis	back 2 D) conversion to a nucleic acid
front 3 3) Dietary fats are important because they ________. A) keep blood pressure normal B) help the body absorb fatsoluble vitamins C) contribute significantly to the health of the skin D) help prevent the common cold	back 3 A) keep blood pressure normal
front 4 4) Cholesterol, though it is not an energy molecule, has importance in the body because it ________. A) is a stabilizing component of the plasma membranes and is the parent molecule of steroid hormones B) helps provide essential nutrients to the brain and lungs C) helps mobilize fats during periods of starvation D) enters the glycolytic pathway without being altered	back 4 A) is a stabilizing component of the plasma membranes and is the parent molecule of steroid hormones

front 5 5) Which of the following statements best describes complete protein? A) derived from meat and fish only B) meets all the minimum daily requirements for a healthy diet C) derived only from legumes and other plant material D) must meet all the body's amino acid requirements for maintenance and growth	back 5 D) must meet all the body's amino acid requirements for maintenance and growth
front 6 6) The term metabolism is best defined as ________. A) the length of time it takes to digest and absorb fats B) a measure of carbohydrate utilization, typically involving measurement of calories C) the number of calories it takes to keep from shivering on a cold day D) biochemical reactions involved in building cell molecules or breaking down molecules for energy	back 6 D) biochemical reactions involved in building cell molecules or breaking down molecules for energy
front 7 7) The term metabolic rate reflects the ________. A) energy the body needs to perform only its most essential activities B) loss of organic molecules in urine C) energy needed to make all organic molecules D) loss of energy to perspiration	back 7 A) energy the body needs to perform only its most essential activities
front 8 8) When proteins undergo deamination, the waste substance found in the urine is mostly________. A) urea B) ammonia C) acetyl CoA D) ketone bodies	back 8 A) urea

front 9 9) It is important to ensure that your diet is adequately rich in vitamins because ________. A) vitamins provide protection against the common cold B) very few foods contain vitamins C) most vitamins are coenzymes needed to help the body utilize essential nutrients D) all vitamins are water soluble and pass out of the body too quickly to ensure utilization	back 9 C) most vitamins are coenzymes needed to help the body utilize essential nutrients
front 10 10) Oxidationreduction reactions are catalyzed by which of the following enzymes? A) dehydrogenases and oxidases B) kinases and phosphorylases C) phosphatases and kinases D) synthetases and lipases	back 10 A) dehydrogenases and oxidases
front 11 11) Which of the choices below describes the pathway of cellular respiration (the complete oxidation of glucose)? A) glycolysis, Krebs cycle, electron transport chain, oxidative phosphorylation B) gluconeogenesis, Krebs cycle, lipolysis C) lipolysis, glycogenolysis, beta oxidation D) glycogenesis, lipogenesis, electron transport chain	back 11 A) glycolysis, Krebs cycle, electron transport chain, oxidative phosphorylation
front 12 12) Anabolism includes reactions in which ________. A) carbohydrate utilization increases B) larger molecules or structures are built from smaller ones C) structural proteins are used as a potential energy source D) ketone bodies are formed	back 12 B) larger molecules or structures are built from smaller ones

front 13 13) Catabolism would be best described as a process that ________. A) causes a decline in circulating ketone bodies B) builds up triglycerides during the postabsorptive state C) breaks down complex structures to simpler ones D) elevates glucagon levels	back 13 C) breaks down complex structures to simpler ones
front 14 14) The primary function of cellular respiration is to ________. A) determine the amount of heat needed by the human body B) provide the body with adequate amounts of vitamins and minerals C) efficiently monitor the energy needs of the body D) break down food molecules and generate ATP	back 14 D) break down food molecules and generate ATP
front 15 15) The process of breaking triglycerides down into glycerol and fatty acids is known as ________. A) gluconeogenesis B) fat utilization C) lipogenesis D) lipolysis	back 15 D) lipolysis
front 16 16) Which of the following mechanisms produces the most ATP during cellular respiration? A) oxidative phosphorylation B) substratelevel phosphorylation C) oxidationreduction reactions D) oxidation reactions	back 16 A) oxidative phosphorylation

front 17 17) Lipogenesis occurs when ________. A) there is a shortage of fatty acids B) glucose levels drop slightly C) excess proteins are transported through the cell membrane D) cellular ATP and glucose levels are high	back 17 D) cellular ATP and glucose levels are high
front 18 18) Oxidative deamination takes place in the ________. A) liver B) muscles C) kidneys	back 18 A) liver
front 19 19) Transamination is the process whereby the amine group of an amino acid is ________. A) transferred to acetyl CoA B) converted to urea C) transferred to a keto acid D) converted to ammonia	back 19 C) transferred to a keto acid
front 20 20) Glycogen is formed in the liver during the ________. A) postabsorptive state B) absorptive state C) starvation period D) period when the metabolic rate is lowest	back 20 B) absorptive state

front 21 21) Which of the following is a normal consequence of the activation of the heatpromoting center? A) release of epinephrine B) sympathetic sweat gland activation C) increase in ADH production D) vasodilation of cutaneous blood vessels	back 21 A) release of epinephrine
front 22 22) Gluconeogenesis is the process in which ________. A) glycogen is broken down to release glucose B) glucose is formed from noncarbohydrate precursors C) glycogen is formed D) glucose is converted into carbon dioxide and water	back 22 B) glucose is formed from noncarbohydrate precursors
front 23 23) Glycolysis is best defined as a catabolic reaction based upon the ________. A) conversion of glucose into carbon dioxide and water B) conversion of glucose into two molecules of pyruvic acid C) conversion of pyruvic acid into carbon dioxide and water D) formation of sugar	back 23 B) conversion of glucose into two molecules of pyruvic acid
front 24 24) What is the outcome of ketosis? A) water retention and edema B) metabolic acidosis C) metabolic alkalosis D) glycogen buildup	back 24 B) metabolic acidosis

front 25 25) Which of the choices below happens during the absorptive state? A) Anabolic processes exceed catabolic ones. B) Catabolic processes exceed anabolic ones. C) No metabolism occurs. D) Only glucose metabolism occurs.	back 25 A) Anabolic processes exceed catabolic ones.
front 26 26) In the case of a person who consumes a normal, balanced diet, proteins are essential to the body for all of the following except ________. A) production of energy B) production of some hormones C) production of enzymes, clotting factors, and antibodies D) formation of functional molecules like hemoglobin and cytochromes	back 26 A) production of energy
front 27 27) The most abundant dietary lipids are ________. A) cholesterol B) phospholipids C) fatty acids D) triglycerides	back 27 D) triglycerides
front 28 28) Loss of heat in the form of infrared waves is termed ________. A) radiation B) convection C) conduction D) evaporation	back 28 A) radiation

front 29 29) Which hormone directs essentially all the events of the absorptive state? A) growth hormone B) thyroid hormone C) epinephrine D) insulin	back 29 D) insulin
front 30 30) Prostaglandins play a role in ________. A) skeletal muscle contraction B) control of blood volume C) noninflammatory responses D) control of blood pressure	back 30 D) control of blood pressure
front 31 31) Which of the following is the most important function of the liver? A) carbohydrate and lipid metabolism B) synthesis of bile salts C) processing of drugs and hormones and activation of vitamin D D) protein metabolism	back 31 C) processing of drugs and hormones and activation of vitamin D
front 32 32) As the body progresses from the absorptive to the postabsorptive state, only the ________ continues to burn glucose while every other organ in the body mostly switches to fatty acids. A) liver B) brain C) pancreas D) spleen	back 32 B) brain

front 33 33) In gluconeogenesis, during the postabsorptive state, amino acids and ________ are converted to glucose. A) glycerol B) glycogen C) glyceraldehyde D) glucagon	back 33 A) glycerol
front 34 34) In the liver, the amine group of glutamic acid is removed as ________ in the oxidative state. A) glyceraldehyde B) pyruvic acid C) ammonia D) oxaloacetic acid	back 34 C) ammonia
front 35 35) Which of the choices below is not a mechanism of heat production? A) vasoconstriction of cutaneous blood vessels B) shivering C) sweating D) enhanced thyroxine release	back 35 C) sweating
front 36 36) Heatloss mechanisms do not include ________. A) reducing activity B) the evaporation of sweat C) behavior measures such as wearing light, loose clothing D) vasoconstriction of peripheral blood vessels	back 36 D) vasoconstriction of peripheral blood vessels

front 37 37) The amount of ________ produced is probably the most important hormonal factor in determining BMR. A) norepinephrine B) thyroxine C) prolactin D) ADH	back 37 B) thyroxine
front 38 38) When ketone bodies are present in the blood and urine in large amounts, it usually indicates increased metabolism of ________. A) amino acids B) fatty acids C) glycogen D) lactic acid	back 38 B) fatty acids
front 39 39) Many factors influence BMR. What is the most critical factor? A) the way an individual metabolizes fat B) the way skeletal muscles break down glycogen C) the ratio of surface area to volume (weight) of the body D) an individual's body weight	back 39 C) the ratio of surface area to volume (weight) of the body
front 40 40) The primary reason elderly people should decrease their caloric intake is that ________. A) muscle mass and metabolism decline with age B) their appetite begins to diminish C) they have a higher metabolic rate and do not need large amounts of food D) they spend most of the day at rest, and their food will quickly turn to fat	back 40 A) muscle mass and metabolism decline with age

front 41

41) Which of the choices below is not a major route of heat exchange?
A) radiation
B) conduction/convection
C) evaporation
D) shivering

back 41

D) shivering