front 1 1) The "all or none" phenomenon as applied to nerve | back 1 FALSE |
front 2 2) Reflexes are rapid, automatic responses to stimuli.</p> | back 2 TRUE |
front 3 3) Efferent nerve fibers may be described as motor nerve fibers. | back 3 TRUE |
front 4 4) Saltatory conduction occurs because of the presence of salt (NaCl)
| back 4 FALSE |
front 5 5) Cell bodies of sensory neurons may be located in ganglia lying
| back 5 TRUE |
front 6 7) During depolarization, the inside of the neuronʹs membrane becomes
| back 6 TRUE |
front 7 8) Neurons in the CNS are organized into functional groups. | back 7 TRUE |
front 8 9) Strong stimuli cause the amplitude of action potentials generated
| back 8 FALSE |
front 9 10) The oligodendrocytes can myelinate several axons. | back 9 TRUE |
front 10 11) Enkephalins and endorphins are peptides that act like morphine. | back 10 TRUE |
front 11 13) In myelinated axons the voltageregulated sodium channels are concentrated at the nodes of Ranvier. | back 11 TRUE |
front 12 14) Action potentials can be generated by virtually all cells of the body because all cells possess cell membranes. | back 12 FALSE |
front 13 15) Voltage is always measured between two points and may be called
| back 13 TRUE |
front 14 16) Neurons that are far away from the center of the neuron pool and
that are not easily excited by an incoming stimulus are in the | back 14 FALSE |
front 15 17) Acetylcholine is not a biogenic amine. | back 15 TRUE |
front 16 18) The two major classes of graded potentials are transmitter | back 16 FALSE |
front 17 19) A graded potential that is the result of a neurotransmitter released into the synapse between two neurons is called a postsynaptic potential. | back 17 TRUE |
front 18 20) Large diameter nerve fibers conduct impulses much faster than small diameter fibers. | back 18 TRUE |
front 19 21) The nodes of Ranvier are found only on myelinated, peripheral
| back 19 FALSE |
front 20 22) Unipolar neurons have axons structurally divided into peripheral
| back 20 TRUE |
front 21 23) A stimulus traveling toward a synapse appears to open calcium channels at the presynaptic end, which in turn promotes fusion of synaptic vesicles to the axonal membrane. | back 21 TRUE |
front 22 24) A positive feedback cycle is the main force in the generation of graded potentials at receptor ends. | back 22 FALSE |
front 23 25) If bacteria invaded the CNS tissue, microglia would migrate to the area to engulf and destroy them. | back 23 TRUE |
front 24 1) The meningeal branch of a spinal nerve actually reenters the vertebral canal to innervate<br>the meninges and blood vessels.</p> | back 24 TRUE |
front 25 2) In the somatosensory system there are no third order neurons in the cerebellum. | back 25 TRUE |
front 26 3) There are 41 pairs of spinal nerves. | back 26 FALSE |
front 27 4) The glossopharyngeal nerve is the only cranial nerve that contains sensory fibers. | back 27 FALSE |
front 28 5) The musculocutaneous nerve is a major nerve of the brachial plexus. | back 28 TRUE |
front 29 6) The second cranial nerve forms a chiasma at the base of the brain for partial crossover of neural fibers. | back 29 TRUE |
front 30 7) The only cranial nerves to extend beyond the head and neck region are the vagus nerves. | back 30 TRUE |
front 31 8) The dorsal ramus consists only of motor fibers bringing information to the spinal cord. | back 31 FALSE |
front 32 9) Dermatomes are skin segments that relate to sensory innervation regions of the spinal<br>nerves. | back 32 TRUE |
front 33 10) Dorsal and ventral rami are similar in that they both contain sensory and motor fibers. | back 33 TRUE |
front 34 11) Irritation of the phrenic nerve may cause diaphragm spasms called hiccups. | back 34 TRUE |
front 35 12) The obturator nerve branches from the sacral plexus. | back 35 FALSE |
front 36 13) Reciprocal inhibition means that while one sensory nerve is stimulated, another sensory neuron for synergistic muscles in the same area is inhibited and cannot respond. | back 36 FALSE |
front 37 14) External strabismus and ptosis could be caused by damage to the oculomotor nerve. | back 37 TRUE |
front 38 15) In order to regulate motor activity, to start and stop movements, and to coordinate postural<br>movements, the cerebellum and basal nuclei are involved.</p> | back 38 TRUE |
front 39 1) Since the ANS is a visceral motor system, afferent pathways are of
no importance and | back 39 FALSE |
front 40 2) The rami communicantes are associated only with the sympathetic division of the ANS. | back 40 TRUE |
front 41 3) The gray rami communicantes consist of myelinated postganglionic fibers. | back 41 FALSE |
front 42 4) Splanchnic nerves are mixed motor and sensory nerves. | back 42 FALSE |
front 43 5) The autonomic nervous system may cause activation or inhibition,
depending on the | back 43 TRUE |
front 44 6) The celiac ganglion is primarily associated with the sympathetic division. | back 44 TRUE |
front 45 7) The sympathetic chain is composed of collateral ganglia. | back 45 TRUE |
front 46 8) Thermoregulatory responses to increased heat are mediated by the sympathetic nervous division. | back 46 TRUE |
front 47 9) Most disorders of the autonomic nervous system reflect
abnormalities of smooth muscle | back 47 TRUE |
front 48 10) Alphaadrenergic | back 48 TRUE |
front 49 11) The adrenal medulla is considered a ʺmisplacedʺ sympathetic ganglion by some. | back 49 TRUE |
front 50 12) Acetylcholine is the substance released by the axonal endings of
the somatic efferent fibers and | back 50 TRUE |
front 51 13) Most body organs are innervated by only the sympathetic division of the nervous system. | back 51 FALSE |
front 52 14) Through direct neural stimulation, the sympathetic division
promotes many metabolic | back 52 TRUE |
front 53 15) Cranial nerves VII, IX, and X contain postganglionic fibers of
the parasympathetic | back 53 FALSE |
front 54 16) In contrast to the parasympathetic division, the sympathetic
division has numerous | back 54 FALSE |
front 55 17) Norepinephrinereleasing | back 55 FALSE |
front 56 18) The parasympathetic division is a branch of the somatic nervous system. | back 56 FALSE |
front 57 19) The craniosacral division is another name for the parasympathetic division. | back 57 TRUE |
front 58 20) The chain ganglion, like the dorsal root ganglion, contains soma from sensory neurons. | back 58 FALSE |
front 59 21) Most blood vessels are innervated by the sympathetic division alone. | back 59 TRUE |
front 60 22) The blood vessels of the skin are one of the few areas of the
body where the vessels are | back 60 FALSE |
front 61 23) Events recorded in a lie detector examination are controlled by the sympathetic division. | back 61 TRUE |
front 62 24) All splanchnic nerves are sympathetic. | back 62 FALSE |
front 63 25) Splanchnic nerves pass through the abdominal aortic plexus. | back 63 TRUE |
front 64 26) The structures that specifically exhibit vasomotor tone are
mostly under sympathetic | back 64 TRUE |
front 65 27) Since many of the same cardiac cells are innervated by both
parasympathetic and | back 65 FALSE |
front 66 βadrenergic | back 66 FALSE |
front 67 29) Autonomic reflex centers occur in the spinal cord, medulla, and midbrain. | back 67 TRUE |
front 68 In humans, melatonin may inhibit sexual maturation. | back 68 TRUE |
front 69 2) The antagonistic hormones that regulate the blood calcium level are calcitoninparathormone. | back 69 TRUE |
front 70 3) The hormone that raises blood sugar levels is insulin. | back 70 FALSE |
front 71 4) The endocrine structure that develops from the nervous system is the anterior pituitary. | back 71 FALSE |
front 72 5) Both ʺturn onʺ factors (hormonal, humoral, and neural stimuli) and
ʺturn offʺ factors | back 72 TRUE |
front 73 6) ACTH stimulates the adrenal cortex to release corticosteroid hormones. | back 73 TRUE |
front 74 7) LH is also referred to as a gonadotropin. | back 74 TRUE |
front 75 8) The only known effect of prolactin in humans is to produce impotence in males. | back 75 FALSE |
front 76 9) Oxytocin is a strong stimulant of uterine contractions. | back 76 TRUE |
front 77 10) Follicle cells of the thyroid gland produce thyroglobulin, while
follicle cells of the parathyroid | back 77 FALSE |
front 78 11) The thyroid gland is embedded in the parathyroid tissue. | back 78 FALSE |
front 79 12) The prime metabolic effect of cortisol is gluconeogenesis. | back 79 TRUE |
front 80 13) The beta cells are the pancreatic islet cells that produce insulin. | back 80 TRUE |
front 81 14) Most Type II diabetics do not produce insulin. | back 81 FALSE |
front 82 15) Peptide hormones enter the target cells and elicit a response by
mediating neurotransmitter | back 82 FALSE |
front 83 16) Calcitonin is a peptide hormone that has destructive effects on the skeletal system. | back 83 FALSE |
front 84 17) Aldosterone is the most potent mineralocorticoid produced in the adrenals but the least abundant. | back 84 FALSE |
front 85 18) Atrial natriuretic peptide is a hormone that controls blood
pressure in part by increasing the | back 85 TRUE |
front 86 19) While glucagon is a small polypeptide, it is nevertheless very
potent in its regulatory | back 86 TRUE |
front 87 20) The thyroid gland is a large gland that controls metabolic
functions throughout the life | back 87 TRUE |
front 88 21) Many hormones synthesized in the gastrointestinal tract are
chemically identical to | back 88 TRUE |
front 89 22) All of the following hormones are secreted by the
adenohypophysis: ACTH, FSH, and | back 89 TRUE |
front 90 23) Iodine is an essential element required for the synthesis of thyroxine. | back 90 TRUE |
front 91 24) The endocrine gland that is probably malfunctioning if a person
has a high metabolic | back 91 FALSE |
front 92 25) Growth hormone always exerts its influence by targeting other
endocrine glands to produce | back 92 FALSE |
front 93 26) Diabetes insipidus and diabetes mellitus are both caused by a
genetic mutation involving | back 93 FALSE |
front 94 27) The stimulus for calcitonin release is usually excessive amounts
of growth hormone | back 94 FALSE |
front 95 28) Glucocorticoids are steroid hormones that usually enhance the
immune responses when | back 95 FALSE |
front 96 29) Direct gene activation involves a secondmessenger system. | back 96 FALSE |
front 97 29) Direct gene activation involves a second messenger system. | back 97 TRUE |
front 98 30) All peptide hormone synthesis requires gene activation that produces mRNA. | back 98 TRUE |
front 99 31) All adenohypophyseal hormones except GH affect their target cells
via a cyclic AMP | back 99 TRUE |
front 100 1) The primary source of RBCs in the adult human being is the bone marrow in the shafts of the long bones. | back 100 FALSE |
front 101 2) Leukemia refers to cancerous conditions of white blood cells. | back 101 TRUE |
front 102 3) The immediate response to blood vessel injury is clotting. | back 102 FALSE |
front 103 4) The process of fibrinolysis disposes of bacteria when healing has occurred. | back 103 FALSE |
front 104 5) The RB graveyard is the liver. | back 104 FALSE |
front 105 6) Hemorrhagic anemias result from blood loss. | back 105 TRUE |
front 106 7) White blood cells are produced through the action of colonystimulating | back 106 TRUE |
front 107 8) Hemoglobin is made up of the protein heme and the red pigment globin. | back 107 FALSE |
front 108 9) Each heme contains an atom of iron and can transport one molecule of oxygen. | back 108 TRUE |
front 109 10) Each hemoglobin molecule can transport two molecules of oxygen. | back 109 FALSE |
front 110 11) Diapedesis is the process by which red blood cells move into tissue spaces from the interior of blood capillary | back 110 FALSE |
front 111 12) Positive chemotaxis is a feedback system that signals leukocyte migration into damaged areas. | back 111 TRUE |
front 112 13) A condition of leukocytosis indicates over 11,000 white blood cells per cubic millimeter in the blood. | back 112 TRUE |
front 113 14) Basophils increase in number when parasitic invasion occurs. | back 113 FALSE |
front 114 15) Leukopenia is an abnormally low number of leukocytes. | back 114 TRUE |
front 115 16) A person with type B blood could receive blood from a person with either type B or O blood. | back 115 TRUE |
front 116 17) Leukocytes move through the circulatory system by amoeboid motion. | back 116 FALSE |
front 117 18) Granulocytes called neutrophils are phagocytic and the most numerous of all white blood cell types. | back 117 TRUE |
front 118 19) All lymphocytes are leukocytes, but not all leukocytes are lymphocytes. | back 118 TRUE |
front 119 20) Myelocytic leukemia involves a cancerous condition of lymphocytes. | back 119 FALSE |
front 120 1) The myocardium receives its blood supply from the coronary arteries. | back 120 TRUE |
front 121 2) Cardiac muscle has more mitochondria and depends less on a
continual supply of oxygen | back 121 FALSE |
front 122 3) Anastomoses among coronary arterial branches provide collateral
routes for blood delivery to | back 122 TRUE |
front 123 4) Congestive heart failure means that the pumping efficiency of the
heart is depressed so | back 123 TRUE |
front 124 5) Tissues damaged by myocardial infarction are replaced by connective tissue. | back 124 TRUE |
front 125 6) The left side of the heart pumps the same volume of blood as the right. | back 125 TRUE |
front 126 7) Chronic release of excess thyroxine can cause a sustained increase
in heart rate and a | back 126 TRUE |
front 127 8) Arterial blood supply to heart muscle is continuous whether the
heart is in systole or | back 127 FALSE |
front 128 9) Trabeculae carneae are found in the ventricles and never the atria. | back 128 TRUE |
front 129 10) The "lub" sounds of the heart are valuable in diagnosis
because they provide information | back 129 FALSE |
front 130 11) Autonomic regulation of heart rate is via two reflex centers found in the pons. | back 130 FALSE |
front 131 12) The papillary muscles contract after the other ventricular
muscles so that they can take | back 131 FALSE |
front 132 13) An ECG provides direct information about valve function. | back 132 FALSE |
front 133 14) As pressure in the aorta rises due to atherosclerosis, more
ventricular pressure is | back 133 TRUE |
front 134 15) Proxysmal atrial tachycardia is characterized by bursts of atrial
contractions with little | back 134 TRUE |
front 135 1) The adjustment of blood flow to each tissue in proportion to its
requirements at any point in | back 135 TRUE |
front 136 2) Arterial pressure in the pulmonary circulation is much higher than
in the systemic circulation | back 136 FALSE |
front 137 3) Osmotic pressure is created by the presence in a fluid of small
diffusible molecules that easily | back 137 FALSE |
front 138 4) The cerebral arterial circle (circle of Willis) is an arterial anastomosis. | back 138 TRUE |
front 139 5) The outermost layer of a blood vessel is the tunica intima. | back 139 FALSE |
front 140 6) The thick walled arteries close to the heart are called muscular arteries. | back 140 FALSE |
front 141 7) Hypotension is generally considered systolic blood pressure that is below 100 mm Hg. | back 141 TRUE |
front 142 8) A precapillary sphincter is a cuff of smooth muscle that regulates
the flow of blood into | back 142 TRUE |
front 143 9) The carotid sinus reflex protects the blood supply to the brain,
whereas the aortic reflex is | back 143 TRUE |
front 144 10) Vasodilation is a widening of the lumen due to smooth muscle contraction. | back 144 FALSE |
front 145 11) The pulmonary circulation does not directly serve the metabolic needs of body tissues. | back 145 TRUE |
front 146 12) In infants and young people, congenital vascular problems are
less common than | back 146 TRUE |
front 147 13) The most common form of shock is hypovolemic shock. | back 147 TRUE |
front 148 14) Every minute, about 1.5 ml of fluid leaks out of the capillaries. | back 148 TRUE |
front 149 15) The pancreas is an example of an organ with arteries that do not anastomose. | back 149 FALSE |
front 150 16) An obstruction in the superior vena cava would decrease the flow
of blood from the head | back 150 TRUE |
front 151 17) Arteries supplying the same territory are often merged with one
another, forming arterial | back 151 TRUE |
front 152 18) An increase in blood viscosity will cause an increase in peripheral resistance. | back 152 TRUE |
front 153 19) The first major branch of the femoral artery is the dorsalis pedis artery. | back 153 FALSE |
front 154 20) The azygos vein originates in the abdomen. | back 154 TRUE |
front 155 21) Whereas diffusion is more important for solute exchange between
plasma and interstitial | back 155 TRUE |
front 156 1) Food is contained in the gastrointestinal tract from the time of
ingestion until it is | back 156 TRUE |
front 157 2) The circular folds of the small intestine enhance absorption by
causing the chyme to | back 157 TRUE |
front 158 3) As food passes through the digestive tract, it becomes less
complex and the nutrients are | back 158 TRUE |
front 159 4) Some of the microbes that often invade other organs of the body
are rarely found in the | back 159 TRUE |
front 160 5) Kupffer cells are found in the liver and are responsible for
removing bacteria and wornout | back 160 TRUE |
front 161 6) The pharyngealesophageal phase of swallowing is involuntary and is controlled by the swallowing center in the thalamus and lower pons | back 161 FALSE |
front 162 7) All the chemical and mechanical phases of digestion from the mouth
through the small | back 162 TRUE |
front 163 8) Pepsinogen is the precursor to the gastric enzyme for protein
digestion and is secreted by | back 163 FALSE |
front 164 9) The main chemical activity of the stomach is to begin the digestion of proteins. | back 164 TRUE |
front 165 10) The major role of absorption in the ileum is to reclaim bile
salts to be recycled back to | back 165 TRUE |
front 166 11) The peritoneum is the most extensive serous membrane in the body. | back 166 TRUE |
front 167 12) Peyer's patches are found in the submucosa of the distal end of the small intestine. | back 167 TRUE |
front 168 13) The myenteric nerve plexus provides the major nerve supply to the
GI tract wall and | back 168 TRUE |
front 169 14) The first teeth to appear are the deciduous teeth. | back 169 TRUE |
front 170 15) Dentin anchors the tooth in place. | back 170 FALSE |
front 171 16) The digestive function of the liver is to produce bile. | back 171 TRUE |
front 172 17) The pancreas has both an endocrine and an exocrine function. | back 172 TRUE |
front 173 18) Another term for swallowing is deglutition. | back 173 TRUE |
front 174 19) The intrinsic ability of visceral smooth muscle to exhibit the stress relaxation response is termed platicity | back 174 TRUE |
front 175 20) The stomach's contractile rhythm is set by pacemaker cells found in the spinal cord. | back 175 FALSE |
front 176 21) The major stimulus for production of intestinal fluid is
distention or irritation of the | back 176 TRUE |
front 177 22) Most nutrients are absorbed through the mucosa of the intestinal
villi by active | back 177 TRUE |
front 178 23) Ionic iron is actively transported into the Mucosal cells, where it binds to the protein ferritin, a phenomenon called the mucosal iron barrier. | back 178 TRUE |
front 179 24) Mumps is an inflammation of the parotid glands caused by myxovirus. | back 179 TRUE |
front 180 25) Fats significantly delay the emptying of the stomach. | back 180 TRUE |
front 181 26) The soft palate rises reflexively to open the nasopharynx when we swallow food. | back 181 FALSE |
front 182 1) If the GFR is too low, needed substances may pass so quickly
through the renal tubules | back 182 FALSE |
front 183 2) In the kidneys, the countercurrent mechanism involves the
interaction between the flow | back 183 TRUE |
front 184 3) The ureter transports urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder. | back 184 TRUE |
front 185 4) Water reabsorption through the proximal convoluted tubule is
termed obligatory water | back 185 TRUE |
front 186 5) The position of the kidneys behind the | back 186 TRUE |
front 187 6) The entire responsibility for urine formation lies with the nephron. | back 187 TRUE |
front 188 7) Urine is 95% water by volume. | back 188 TRUE |
front 189 8) The act of emptying the bladder is called voiding. | back 189 TRUE |
front 190 9) Glomerular filtration is an ATPdriven | back 190 FALSE |
front 191 10) In the absence of hormones, the distal tubule and collecting
ducts are relatively impermeable | back 191 TRUE |
front 192 11) The collecting duct is impermeable to water in the presence of ADH. | back 192 FALSE |
front 193 12) The urethra contains an internal sphincter of smooth muscle. | back 193 TRUE |
front 194 13) Angiotensin II is a substance made by the body to lower blood pressure during stress. | back 194 FALSE |
front 195 14) Aldosterone is a hormone that causes the renal tubules to reclaim
sodium ions from the | back 195 TRUE |
front 196 15) Blood pressure in the renal glomerulus is lower than in most parts of the body in order to conserve body water. | back 196 FALSE |
front 197 16) The proximal convoluted tubule is the portion of the nephron that
attaches to the | back 197 FALSE |
front 198 17) Urea is reabsorbed in the loop of Henle. | back 198 FALSE |
front 199 18) Incontinence is the inability to control voluntary micturition. | back 199 TRUE |
front 200 19) The myogenic mechanism reflects the tendency of vascular smooth muscle to stretch. | back 200 FALSE |
front 201 20) An excessive urine output is called anuria. | back 201 FALSE |
front 202 21) Tubular secretion is effective in controlling blood pH. | back 202 TRUE |
front 203 22) The trigone is so named because of the shape of the urinary bladder. | back 203 FALSE |
front 204 23) Atrial naturetic peptide inhibits sodium reabsorption. | back 204 TRUE |
front 205 24) The macula densa cells are chemoreceptors that respond to changes
in the urea content | back 205 FALSE |
front 206 25) Blood in the urine may be a symptom of bladder cancer. | back 206 TRUE |
front 207 26) Obligatory water reabsorption involves the movement of water along an osmotic gradient. | back 207 TRUE |
front 208 27) Having a kinked ureter is called renal ptosis. | back 208 FALSE |
front 209 1) It is necessary for the testes to be kept below body temperature. | back 209 TRUE |
front 210 2) The prostate atrophies as a man ages, and it usually causes no health problems. | back 210 FALSE |
front 211 3) The hormone oxytocin combines with enzymes in semen to enhance sperm motility. | back 211 FALSE |
front 212 4) When a couple is having difficulty conceiving a child, it is
necessary to investigate the sperm | back 212 TRUE |
front 213 5) The amount of testosterone and sperm produced by the testes is
dependent on the influence of | back 213 FALSE |
front 214 6) Ovarian follicles contain mature eggs. | back 214 FALSE |
front 215 7) Sexually transmitted infections are the most important cause of reproductive disorders. | back 215 TRUE |
front 216 8) Reproduction is not possible in males or females until one year after puberty has begun. | back 216 FALSE |
front 217 9) The smaller cell produced by oogenesis meiosis I, called the first polar body, is essentially a packet of discarded nuclear material. | back 217 TRUE |
front 218 10) Pain during ovulation is called dysmenorrhea. | back 218 FALSE |
front 219 11) A human egg or sperm contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. | back 219 TRUE |
front 220 12) The Pap smear is a test to detect cancerous changes in cells of the cervix. | back 220 TRUE |
front 221 13) The adenohypophyseal hormone that triggers ovulation is estrogen. | back 221 FALSE |
front 222 14) The male urethra serves the urinary system only. | back 222 FALSE |
front 223 15) Both tetrads and crossovers are seen during meiosis. | back 223 TRUE |
front 224 16) Failure to attain erection is called impotence. | back 224 TRUE |
front 225 17) Ovulation occurs near the end of the ovarian cycle. | back 225 FALSE |
front 226 18) The corpus luteum secretes progesterone only. | back 226 FALSE |
front 227 19) Female orgasm is required for conception. | back 227 FALSE |
front 228 20) The first sign of puberty in females is budding breasts. | back 228 TRUE |
front 229 21) The primary function of the testes is to produce testosterone. | back 229 FALSE |
front 230 22) The stage in meiosis where chromosomal exchange takes place is telophase. | back 230 FALSE |
front 231 23) The diamondshaped | back 231 FALSE |
front 232 24) The soft mucosal lining of the uterus is the endometrium. | back 232 TRUE |
front 233 25) A scrotal muscle that contracts in response to cold environmental
temperature is the | back 233 TRUE |
front 234 26) The secretions of the bulbourethral glands neutralize traces of
acidic urine in the urethra and | back 234 TRUE |
front 235 27) The zona pellucida is formed as the follicle becomes a secondary follicle. | back 235 TRUE |
front 236 28) The molecule that enhances the ability of testosterone to promote
spermatogenesis is | back 236 TRUE |
front 237 1) Conceptus is a term used to describe the developing human offspring. | back 237 TRUE |
front 238 2) The period from fertilization through week eight is called the embryonic period. | back 238 TRUE |
front 239 3) Fertilization occurs while the egg is still in the ovarian follicle. | back 239 FALSE |
front 240 4) Freshly deposited sperm are not capable of penetrating an oocyte. | back 240 TRUE |
front 241 5) By 72 hours after fertilization, the egg has divided into more
than 160 cells and is called | back 241 FALSE |
front 242 6) Implantation begins six to seven days after ovulation. | back 242 TRUE |
front 243 7) A pregnancy test involves antibodies that detect GH levels in a woman's blood or urine. | back 243 FALSE |
front 244 8) The body systems of the developing embryo are present in at least
rudimentary form at | back 244 TRUE |
front 245 9) Of the three germ layers, the mesoderm forms the most body parts. | back 245 TRUE |
front 246 10) A pregnant woman urinates more often than usual because the
uterus compresses the | back 246 TRUE |
front 247 The "fluidfilled, | back 247 TRUE |
front 248 12) The embryonic stage lasts until the end of the eighth week. | back 248 TRUE |
front 249 13) The embryo is directly enclosed in and protected by the amnion. | back 249 TRUE |
front 250 14) In fetal circulation, one way in which blood bypasses the
nonaerated lungs is by way of | back 250 TRUE |
front 251 15) An episiotomy is an incision made to widen the vaginal orifice, aiding fetal expulsion. | back 251 TRUE |
front 252 16) The placenta and its attached fetal membranes are collectively called the afterbirth. | back 252 TRUE |
front 253 17) Human placental lactogen initiates labor. | back 253 FALSE |
front 254 18) Surfactant production in premature infants is rarely a factor in
providing normal | back 254 FALSE |
front 255 19) A blastocyst is a hollow ball of cells, while the morula is a solid ball of cells. | back 255 TRUE |
front 256 20) A zygote is usually formed within the uterus. | back 256 FALSE |
front 257 1) NREM sleep normally exhibits four distinct stages, which appear to alternate. | back 257 TRUE |
front 258 2) Petit mal seizures found in children generally go away with age. | back 258 TRUE |
front 259 3) NREM sleep episodes are frequently associated with erection of the penis. | back 259 FALSE |
front 260 4) A flat EEG is a good indication of deep sleep. | back 260 FALSE |
front 261 5) Theta waves are a brain wave pattern that can be seen during deep
sleep and during | back 261 FALSE |
front 262 6) One disorder of the substantia nigra is Parkinsonʹs disease. | back 262 TRUE |
front 263 7) Cell bodies of the somatic motor neurons of the spinal nerves are
located in the ventral | back 263 TRUE |
front 264 8) Meningitis is the most accurate term for inflammation of neurons. | back 264 FALSE |
front 265 9) The spinal cord ends between L1 and L2. | back 265 TRUE |
front 266 10) Cerebrospinal fluid circulates within the ventricles of the brain
and in the subarachnoid | back 266 TRUE |
front 267 12) The RAS is comprised of specific pathways primarily in the limbic system. | back 267 FALSE |
front 268 13) Nondeclarative memories preserve the circumstances in which they are learned. | back 268 FALSE |
front 269 14) The first obvious sign that the nervous system is forming in the
embryo is the thickening | back 269 TRUE |
front 270 15) The left cerebral hemisphere is usually dominant. | back 270 TRUE |
front 271 16) The limbic system acts as our emotional, or affective, brain. | back 271 TRUE |
front 272 17) The canal connecting the third and fourth ventricles and running
through the midbrain | back 272 FALSE |
front 273 18) Commissural fibers form the corpus striatum. | back 273 FALSE |
front 274 19) A disturbance of posture, muscle tremors at rest, and
uncontrolled muscle contraction | back 274 TRUE |
front 275 20) Projection fibers in the brain mainly connect the right and left hemispheres. | back 275 FALSE |
front 276 21) Most of the ascending and descending pathways to and from the
brain cross over from | back 276 TRUE |
front 277 22) The primary visual cortex contains a map of visual space. | back 277 TRUE |
front 278 23) One functional center found within the medulla oblongata is a
respiratory center | back 278 TRUE |
front 279 24) Sorting of sensory information and relaying it to the appropriate
cerebral sensory area | back 279 FALSE |
front 280 25) Sensory areas of the cortex for the genitals are located deep in the postcentral gyrus. | back 280 TRUE |
front 281 26) Embryonic damage to the mesencephalon could result in improper
formation of the | back 281 TRUE |
front 282 1) Adipose tissue is one of the most hydrated of all tissues in the human body. | back 282 FALSE |
front 283 2) The most abundant cation in intracellular fluid is sodium. | back 283 FALSE |
front 284 3) Electrolytes determine most of the chemical and physical reactions of the body. | back 284 TRUE |
front 285 4) Solutes, regardless of size, are able to move freely between
compartments because water | back 285 FALSE |
front 286 5) The thirst center in the brain is located in the hypothalamus. | back 286 TRUE |
front 287 6) Dehydration can be caused by endocrine disturbances such as
diabetes mellitus or | back 287 TRUE |
front 288 7) It is impossible to overhydrate because people need as much water
as they can drink to | back 288 FALSE |
front 289 8) Water imbalance, in which output exceeds intake, causing an
imbalance in body fluids, is | back 289 TRUE |
front 290 9) Salts are lost from the body in perspiration, feces, and urine. | back 290 TRUE |
front 291 10) Hypoproteinemia reflects a condition of unusually high levels of
plasma proteins and | back 291 FALSE |
front 292 11) While the sodium content of the body may be altered, its
concentration in the ECF | back 292 TRUE |
front 293 12) Sodium is pivotal to fluid and electrolyte balance and to the
homeostasis of all body | back 293 TRUE |
front 294 13) When aldosterone release is inhibited, sodium reabsorption cannot
occur beyond the | back 294 TRUE |
front 295 14) Aldosterone stimulates the reabsorption of sodium while enhancing potassium secretion. | back 295 TRUE |
front 296 15) Pressure diuresis decreases blood volume and blood pressure. | back 296 TRUE |
front 297 16) Aldosterone is secreted in response to low extracellular potassium. | back 297 FALSE |
front 298 17) To remain properly hydrated, water intake must equal water output. | back 298 TRUE |
front 299 18) The main way the kidney regulates potassium ions is to excrete them. | back 299 TRUE |
front 300 19) Atrial natriuretic peptide reduces blood pressure and blood
volume by inhibiting nearly | back 300 FALSE |
front 301 20) Premenstrual edema may be due to enhanced reabsorption of sodium chloride. | back 301 TRUE |
front 302 21) Heavy consumption of salt substitutes high in potassium can
present a serious clinical | back 302 TRUE |
front 303 22) Hypercalcemia causes muscle tetany. | back 303 FALSE |
front 304 23) The two hormones responsible for the regulation of calcium are
pituitary hormone and | back 304 FALSE |
front 305 24) Calcitonin targets the bones and causes the release of calcium
from storage when serum | back 305 FALSE |
front 306 25) The normal pH of blood is 7.35 7.45. | back 306 TRUE |
front 307 26) Most acidic substances (hydrogen ions) originate as
byproducts | back 307 TRUE |
front 308 27) Weak acids are able to act as chemical buffering systems for the
body because they | back 308 TRUE |
front 309 28) The phosphate buffer system is relatively unimportant for buffering blood plasma. | back 309 TRUE |
front 310 29) The single most important blood buffer system is the bicarbonate buffer system. | back 310 TRUE |
front 311 30) One of the most powerful and plentiful sources of buffers is the protein buffer system. | back 311 TRUE |
front 312 31) As ventilation increases and more carbon dioxide is removed from
the blood, the | back 312 TRUE |
front 313 32) Regulation of the acidbase | back 313 FALSE |
front 314 Severe damage to the respiratory system rarely will result in acidbase | back 314 FALSE |
front 315 34) Respiratory acidosis results when lungs are obstructed and gas exchange is inefficient. | back 315 TRUE |
front 316 35) Prolonged hyperventilation can cause alkalosis. | back 316 TRUE |