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60 notecards = 15 pages (4 cards per page)

Viewing:

Nervous System Diseases

front 1

Meninges & the 3 layers

back 1

Protect brain/spinal cord

  • Dura Mater (outermost)
  • Arachoid Mater
  • Pia Mater (innermost)

front 2

Area that contains the CSF

back 2

Subarachnoid space

front 3

Meningitis

back 3

Inflammation of the meninges

front 4

Encephalitis

back 4

Inflammation of the brain

front 5

Meningoencephalitis

back 5

Inflammation of the brain & meninges

front 6

Bacterial Meningitis cardinal sign

back 6

stiff neck

front 7

How is Bacterial Meningitis diagnosed

back 7

spinal tab- CSF fluid

front 8

Bacterial Meningitis: Treatment

back 8

  • Cephalosporin
  • Vancomycin

front 9

3 kinds of bacterial meningitis

back 9

  1. H. influenza
  2. S. pneumoniae
  3. N. meningitides

front 10

H. influenza Meningitis

back 10

H. influenza-B

  • normal throat microbiota

front 11

H. influenza Meningitis affects what age group

back 11

6 month - 4 years old

front 12

Vaccine for H. influenza meningitis

back 12

Hib vaccine

front 13

S. pneumoniae (pneumococcal) Meningitis

back 13

S. pneumoniae

  • nasopharynx carriers

front 14

S. pneumoniae (pneumococcal) Meningitis affects what age group

back 14

1 month - 4 yrs old

front 15

S. pneumoniae (pneumococcal) Meningitis has a high mortality rate in

back 15

elders (80%)

front 16

Neisseria (meningococcal) Meningitis

back 16

vaccine recommended for college students

front 17

Listeriosis

back 17

Listeria monocytogenes

  • foodborne

front 18

What causes Meningitis in NEWBORNS? (transmitted to fetus)

back 18

Listeriosis

front 19

Tetnus

back 19

C. tetani - grows in deep wounds

  • spams, contraction of muscles

front 20

C. tetani produces a neurotoxin called Tetanospasmin that

back 20

blocks the relaxation pathway to muscles

front 21

Tetnus vaccination

back 21

DTP (tetnus toxoid) and dT (booster)

front 22

Treatment for Tetnus

back 22

Tetnus Immune globulin

front 23

Botulism

back 23

Clostridium

front 24

botulinal toxin blocks the release of neurotransmitter, causing

back 24

flaccid paralysis

front 25

Treatment for botulism

back 25

antitoxins

front 26

Infant botulism

back 26

grows in the intestines

front 27

Wound botulism

back 27

growth of botulism in wounds

front 28

which type of botulinal toxins is most fatal?

A) Type A toxin

B) Type B toxin

C) Type E toxin

back 28

Type A toxin = 60-70% fatal

front 29

Leprosy (Hansen's Disease)

back 29

Mycobacterium

  • grows best at cooler temps

front 30

Leprosy (Hansen's Disease) grows in

back 30

peripheral nerves & skin cells

front 31

Leprosy: Tuberculoid (neural)

back 31

loss of sensation in areas on skin;

  • (+) lepro test

front 32

Leprosy: Lepromatous (progressive)

back 32

disfiguring nodules

  • (-) lepro test

front 33

Which form of Leprosy gives a POSITIVE lepromin test?

back 33

Tuberculoid (neural)

front 34

Which form of Leprosy gives a NEGATIVE lepromin test?

back 34

Lepromatous (progressive)

front 35

Poliomyelitis (Polio)

back 35

Poliovirus

  • destroys motor cells
  • paralysis 1% of cases

front 36

Poliomyelitis (Polio) is transmitted by

back 36

ingestion of fecal water

front 37

Vaccination of Polio

back 37

enhanced-Inactivated Polio Vaccine (IPV)

front 38

Rabies is caused by

back 38

Rabies virus

  • hydrophobia
  • muscle spams

front 39

Rabies is transmitted by

back 39

animal bite (raccoon, bat, skunk)

front 40

Furious Rabies

back 40

animals are restless then highly excitable

front 41

Paralytic Rabies

back 41

animals seem unaware of surroundings

front 42

Pathology of Rabies

back 42

  • virus multiplies in skeletal muscle
  • moves from the PNS to the CNS
  • reaches the brain, causing encephalitis
  • virus enters the salivary glands & other organs

front 43

Pre-exposure prophylaxis for Rabies

back 43

Human Diploid Cells Vaccine (HDCV)

front 44

Post exposure treatment for Rabies

back 44

Rabies Immune Globulin (RIG)

front 45

Arboviral Encephalitis (Arthropod-borne viruses)

back 45

Abroviruses

transmitted by mosquitoes

front 46

Notifiable arboviral infections that cause encephalitis:

back 46

  • WWW (western equine) - birds & horses
  • EEE (eastern equine) - birds & horses
  • SLE (St. Louis) - birds
  • CE (California) - mammals
  • WNV (west nile) - birds & mammals

front 47

Cryptococcus neoformans Meningitis

(Cryptococcosis)

back 47

fungal meningitis

front 48

Cryptococcosis is transmitted by

back 48

inhalation of infected bird poop

front 49

Treatment for Cryptococcosis

back 49

  • Amphotericin B
  • Flucytosine

front 50

2 emerging protozoan diseases

back 50

  1. African Trypanosomiasis
  2. Naegleria fowleri

front 51

African Trypanosomiasis is transmitted from animals to humans by

back 51

Tsetse fly

front 52

Treatment for African Trypanosomiasis blocks an enzyme necessary for the parasite

back 52

Eflornithine

front 53

Protozoan infects nasal mucosa from swimming water

back 53

Naegleria fowleri

front 54

Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies (TSE) are caused by

back 54

  • prions

front 55

Typical prion diseases:

(Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies)

back 55

  • Sheep scrapie
  • Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD)
  • Kuru
  • Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE)

front 56

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) is also called

back 56

Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (ME)

front 57

Chronic Fatigue symptoms:

back 57

  • unexplained fatigue (at least 6 months) + 4 of these:
    • sore throat
    • tender lymph nodes
    • muscle/joint pain
    • headaches
    • unrefreshed sleep
    • malaise after exercise
    • impaired short-term memory/concentration

front 58

Bacterial Diseases of the Nervous System

back 58

  • Bacterial Meningitis:
    • N. meningitis
    • H. influenza
    • S. pneumoniae
  • Listeriosis
  • Tetnus
  • Botulism
  • Leprosy

front 59

Viral Diseases of the Nervous System:

back 59

  • Polio
  • Rabies
  • Abroviruses

front 60

Fungal Disease of the Nervous System

back 60

Cyptococcosis