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Bio Lab 9 MAMMALIAN TISSUE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION

front 1

4 main types of tissues

back 1

epithelial

connective

muscle

nerve

front 2

epithelial

back 2

lines surface

front 3

connective

back 3

joins other tissue types together

front 4

muscle

back 4

contracts and relaxes

involved in movement

front 5

nerve

back 5

generates and conducts nerve impulses

front 6

epithelium

back 6

a layer of closely packed cells that lines an external or internal surface

has no blood supply; it is nourished by diffusion from the blood supply of he connective tissue adjacent to it

chief function is protection but also secretion, absorption secretion, excretion, lubrication, and even sensory perception

front 7

TYPES OF EPITHELIAL

back 7

simple epithelium

stratified epithelium

front 8

simple epithelium

back 8

single layer

squamous cells that are flat in shape: intestinal serosa

cuboidal (cells are cubical): thyroid follicles

columnar (cells are long and narrow): intestinal mucosa

front 9

simple squamous epithelium

back 9

composed of cells shaped like tiles thin and flat with round or oval nuclei.

specialized for exchange of materials.

lines inside walls of blood vessels body cavity and the bowman capsules of the kidney

front 10

simple cuboidal epithelium

back 10

appear square in side view and have a secretory or absorptive function.

found in areas such as kidney tubules and thyroid follicles

front 11

simple columnar epithelium

back 11

composed of cells that are significantly taller than they are wide

appear as a row of rectangles standing on end, with the nuclei frequently all at the same level, usually in the lower part of the cell

may be ciliated

golblet cells specialized for the secretion of mucus

found where a need for secretion or absorption exists and the wear and tear is considerable. lines a large part of respiratory and digestive tracts and oviducts

front 12

stratified epithelium

back 12

composed of two or more layers of epithelial cells. it is not adapted for absorption or secretion but for areas subject to extensive wear and tear.

forms outer layer of skin mouth esophagus, anus, vagina,

front 13

pseudo stratified columnar epithelium

back 13

simple epithelium with all the cells resting on a basement membrane

cells have the appearance of a stratified epithelium because they are not all the same height and their nuclei are located at different levels.

lines trachea bronchi male urethra

front 14

stratified epithelium

back 14

2 or more layers thick

human skin

front 15

types of connective

back 15

adipose

cartilage

bone

blood

dermis

front 16

loose connective tissue (areolar, reticular, adipose)

back 16

serves as packing material filling spaces between body parts

front 17

dense connective tissue (dermis fasciae, ligaments, and tendons)

back 17

perform major supportive function

front 18

blood

back 18

derived from a form of loose connective tissue and cartilage and bone

front 19

fibers

back 19

collagenous

elastic

reticular

front 20

collagenous fibers

back 20

appear as thick wavy bundles of finer fibrils. They are flexible but very strong and resistant to stretching

front 21

elastic fibers

back 21

thin branching threads that usually appear straight

front 22

reticular fibers

back 22

consist of bundles of small inelastic fibrils.

smaller than collagenous fibers and they branch and reunite extensively

front 23

adipose connective tissue

back 23

fat

front 24

catilage

back 24

most common form is hyaline cartilage

found on the ends of long bones and in the nose trachea

matrix is firm and flexible

lacunae- cavities containing one cell

front 25

bone

back 25

most specialized

bone matrix secreted by bone forming ells called osteocytes and is composed of crystals of calcium phosphate with collagenous fibers between the crystals to reduce the brittleness of the bone

compact bone and spongy bone

front 26

periosteum

back 26

thin layer of dense connective tissue that covers bone

front 27

enthrocytes

back 27

red blood cells

front 28

leukocytes

back 28

white blood cells

front 29

granular leukocytes

back 29

neutrophils

eosinophils

basophils

front 30

neutrophils

back 30

finely granular cytoplasm and a polymorphic nucleus with from three to five lobes

MOST ACTIVE PHAGOCYTE

front 31

eosinophils

back 31

bilobed nucleus which amy be partly obscured by bright red spherical granules in the cytoplasm

front 32

basopils

back 32

have an elongate curved nucleus which may be partly obscured by blue granules in the cytoplasm

front 33

agranular leukocytes

back 33

lymphocyetes

monocytes

front 34

lymphocytes

back 34

slightly larger than enthrocytes

have nucleus which is only slightly smaller than the cell itself.

cytoplasm forms thin clear cresent around the cells nucleus

front 35

monocytes

back 35

larger and have a smaller nucleus more cytoplasm visible

MOST ACTIVE PHAGOCYTE

front 36

blood platelets

back 36

disk shaped fragille clot promoting bodies found only in mammal blood

front 37

smooth muscle

back 37

simplist

digestive tract uterus

front 38

skeletal muscle

back 38

long cylindrical blunt ends

have blood vessels and nerves

tongue

front 39

cardiac muscle

back 39

heart

have intercalated discs which mark the boundaries between the ends of adjacent cells

front 40

nerve tissue

back 40

nerve cells called neurons

front 41

neuron

back 41

carry impulses into the nerve cell called dendrites

those that carry impulses away are called axons

front 42

in what ways does epithelial tissue differ from other tissue types

back 42

it has specialized types and is used for absorption, secretion, excretion, lubrication, and sensory perception

front 43

in what important way does connective tissue differ from other tissue types

back 43

connects tissues together provides structure and support and function in metabolism. it is largely composed of extracellular matrix

front 44

compare and contrast cartilage and bone

back 44

bone is specialized in structural support

cart is found at the end of bones in the nose trachea providing cushioning support

both are connective tissues

front 45

compare and contrast the structures of the three muscle types

back 45

skeletal: made of fibers bundles and found in connective muscle tissues; richly supplied by blood vessels and nerves

smoothL found in digestive tract uterus; sustained areas that contract used for involuntary action

cardiac: found in heart; involuntary slow rhythmic contractions

front 46

parts of neuron

back 46

neuron consists of a cell body dendrites axons and mycelian sheath (supportive cell membrane)

front 47

how does a tissue differ from an organ

back 47

group of cells specialized for a particular function is a tissue while an organ is a group of tissues

front 48

all tissue types in small intestine

back 48

mucosa, submucosa, smooth muscle, goblet cells

front 49

tissues found in c.s of the small intestine from the outside to the lumen

back 49

subucosa, smooth tissue, serosa, mucosa, longitudinal muscle, lumen

front 50

tissue in hamburger in order of abundance

back 50

skeletal- support

connective-fats

peripheral nerve tissue- throughout body of cow

bone and cartilage