front 1 How many essential vitamins are there? | back 1 13 |
front 2 How are vitamins classified? | back 2 Solubility (fat soluble and water soluble) |
front 3 Water-Soluble Vitamins | back 3 Dissolve in water. Absorbed mostly in small intestine & stomach. |
front 4 How many vitamin B's are there? C? | back 4 8 B and 1 C |
front 5 Bioavailability | back 5 The extent to which a nutrient is absorbed. |
front 6 Bioavailability of Water-Soluble Vitamins | back 6 It is NOT all the same for vitamins. The bioavailability is different depending on nutritional status, other nutrients/substances in food, medications, age and illness. |
front 7 How are water-soluble vitamins circulated? | back 7 Via the blood to the liver. |
front 8 How can you name vitamins? | back 8 1. Either vitamin A or B 2. Common names 3. Chemical names. |
front 9 Mnemonic for B Vitamins | back 9 The Romans Never Painted Pyramids Before College Thiamin Riboflavin Niacin Panthothenic Acid Pyridoxine Biotin Cobalamin |
front 10 B1 | back 10 Thiamin |
front 11 B2 | back 11 Riboflavin |
front 12 B3 | back 12 Niacin |
front 13 B5 | back 13 Pantothenic Acid |
front 14 B6 | back 14 Pyridoxine |
front 15 B7 | back 15 Biotin |
front 16 B12 | back 16 Cobalamin |
front 17 Fortification | back 17 Nutrients added to food. |
front 18 Enrichment | back 18 Fortification of a select group of foods with FDA-specified levels of thiamin, niacin, riboflavin, folate & iron. |
front 19 How are water-soluble vitamins easily destroyed in cooking/storage? | back 19 Water Heat Light pH Air |
front 20 Primary function of B Vitamin | back 20 Energy Metabilism |
front 21 Folate (Folacin) | back 21 Consists of nitrogen-containing double/single ring structures & glutamic acid. |
front 22 Folic Acid | back 22 Synthetic form of folate. Found in fortified foods and supplements. |
front 23 Folate is more bioavailable than folic acid. T/F | back 23 False |
front 24 All cereal products in the US are fortified with folic acid. T/F | back 24 True |
front 25 Bioavailability of folate is dependent on _______. | back 25 Form |
front 26 Influences on the bioavailability of folate are ________ and ________. | back 26 Genetic factors and drugs |
front 27 Absorption of folate is higher with ______ and ______. | back 27 Fortified foods and supplements. |
front 28 Dietary Folate Equivalents (DFE) | back 28 Allow you to see how much folate you're getting in your food (adjusts food to folate). |
front 29 Two functions of Folate | back 29 1. Single Carbon Transfer 2. Prevents defect of neural tube (not closing of neural tube properly) |
front 30 Single-Carbon Transfers | back 30 Folate is a coenzyme involved in transfer of single-carbon groups to form organic substances. ie. Homocysteine to methionine |
front 31 Why did the FDA mandate Folic Acid? | back 31 Women of childbearing age are in danger if they are deficient of folate. So, they need to get an adequate folate consumption so they don't have problems with the neural tube before they even know that they are pregnant. |
front 32 ION recommends: | back 32 That women capable of becoming pregnant take folic acid supplements and/or consume folic acid-fortified foods in addition to a varied diet. |
front 33 When deficient of folate, you're more likely to: | back 33 1. Be lethargic because you can't take energy from foods and use that energy in energy metabolism. 2. Prone to anemia (altered blood cells). |
front 34 Macrocytic Anemia | back 34 RBC remain immature. Cells are large & contain organelles not found in mature RBC. |
front 35 Who gets folate deficiency? | back 35 Alcoholics People with intestinal diseases People taking certain medications Elderly Genetic variations |
front 36 Vitamin B12 dietary sources include mostly animal products. T/F | back 36 True, because B12 is made my microorganisms, so you either need to eat those microorganisms or eat animals that eat the microorganisms. |
front 37 If you are vegan, the probability of being deficient in vitamin B12 decreases. T/F | back 37 False |
front 38 Regulation of B12 in the Body | back 38 Bound to R proteins and intrinsic factor. Must be cleaved before absorption. Circulates to liver via blood. Stored in liver. |
front 39 Functions of Vitamin B12 | back 39 Coenzyme that catalyzes: 1. Production of succinyl CoA 2. Conversion of homocysteine to methionine |
front 40 What are most sources of Vitamin C? | back 40 Fruits and vegatables, especially those with bright colors. |
front 41 Regulation of Vitamin C in Body | back 41 Absorption in small intestine. Glucose transport protein. Circulates to liver via blood. Excess excreted in urine. |
front 42 Functions of Vitamin C | back 42 1. Antioxidant 2. Accepts & Donates electrons to allow enzymes to work properly. 4. Enhances bioavailability of other nutrients (ie. iron, copper, chromium) 3. Involved in variety of redox reactions. |
front 43 Antioxidants | back 43 Quenches free radicals and gives electrons to free radicals so they stop damaging. |
front 44 Free Radicals | back 44 Charges substances that have unpaired electrons in their outer shells. Break DNA and oxidize fatty acids found in cell membranes. |
front 45 Vitamin C destroys free radicals. T/F | back 45 True |
front 46 It is not suggested that vitamin C benefit the immune system. T/F | back 46 False |
front 47 Deficiency in Vitamin C could lead to: | back 47 Scurvy Bleeding gums Skin irritations Bruising Poor wound healing. Toxicity |