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85 notecards = 22 pages (4 cards per page)

Viewing:

Lifespan chapter 3

front 1

Early-maturing boys perceive themselves more positively than late-maturing boys.

back 1

Berkeley Longitudinal Study

front 2

While adolescents have strong emotions, their prefrontal cortex is not developed enough to control them.

back 2

Charles Nelson

front 3

Conducts research on developmental changes in the brain during adolescence.

back 3

Judith Blakemore

front 4

Preference for immediate rewards increases in adolescents from 14 to 16 years and decreases thereafter.

back 4

Laurence Steinberg

front 5

As we age, our cells become increasingly less capable of dividing.

back 5

Leonard Hayflick

front 6

Positive emotions early in adulthood are linked to longevity.

back 6

Mankato nuns

front 7

The prefrontal cortex directs the functions of other brain regions during development.

back 7

Mark Johnson

front 8

When the left hemisphere of his brain was removed, his right hemisphere began to take over the normal functions of the left hemisphere.

back 8

Michael Rehbein

front 9

According to Hayflick's cellular clock theory, cells can divide normally:

back 9

a maximum of 75 to 80 times.

front 10

All of the following are recommendations to help older adults sleep better at night, EXCEPT:

back 10

taking short naps during the day.

front 11

Children reach nearly one-half of their adult height by age:

back 11

two.

front 12

Considering the normal aging process, who would be expected to have the highest blood pressure?

back 12

A postmenopausal woman

front 13

Defects in mitochondria are linked with all of the following, EXCEPT:

back 13

decreased immune system functioning.

front 14

During the preschool years:

back 14

the percentage of increase in children's height and weight decreases each year.

front 15

In adolescence, the gap between the increase in risk-taking behavior and the delay in self-regulation is linked to the timing of development in the:

back 15

limbic system and frontal lobes.

front 16

Myelination:

back 16

encases axons with a myelin sheath.

front 17

Nathan has just turned 2 years old. Developmental psychologists believe Nathan's brain is _____ percent of its adult weight.

back 17

75

front 18

Proximodistal growth refers to growth that moves from:

back 18

middle to outer.

front 19

Puberty:

back 19

occurs primarily in early adolescence.

front 20

Recent research has found that early-maturing girls are more likely than late-maturing girls to:

back 20

be depressed.

front 21

Sleep researchers have found that:

back 21

infants engage in more REM sleep than adults.

front 22

Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is less likely when infants sleep:

back 22

with a fan on.

front 23

Telomeres:

back 23

are DNA sequences.

front 24

Testosterone is present in:

back 24

boys in a much higher measure than in girls.

front 25

The _____ is the master gland that produces hormones that stimulate other glands.

back 25

pituitary gland

front 26

The average life expectancy of individuals born today in the United States is _____ years for women and _____ for men.

back 26

80.4; 75.4

front 27

The average North American newborn is _____ inches long and weighs _____ pounds.

back 27

20; 7½

front 28

The Berkeley Longitudinal Study showed that, compared with late-maturing boys, early-maturing boys saw themselves:

back 28

more positively.

front 29

The brain is divided into two halves called:

back 29

hemispheres.

front 30

The brain structure that monitors eating, drinking, and sex is the:

back 30

hypothalamus.

front 31

The last male pubertal characteristic to develop is:

back 31

growth of facial hair.

front 32

The outer layer of the forebrain, which accounts for 80 percent of the brain's volume, is called the:

back 32

cerebral cortex.

front 33

The pineal gland produces _____ in preparation for the body to sleep.

back 33

melatonin

front 34

The term sarcopenia refers to age-related:

back 34

loss of muscle mass and strength.

front 35

The testes in males and the ovaries in females are referred to as the:

back 35

gonads.

front 36

Tiny cellular bodies that supply energy for function, growth, and repair are called:

back 36

mitochondria.

front 37

Two important factors that can produce individual differences in height are:

back 37

ethnic origin and nutrition.

front 38

Typically, which part of a neuron receives information from other neurons?

back 38

Dendrites

front 39

Which lobe of the brain plays an important role in motor control?

back 39

Parietal

front 40

Which of the following best demonstrates the basic principle of cephalocaudal development?

back 40

An infant first raises his or her head, then sits up, then stands up.

front 41

Which of the following biological theories of aging states that people age because their cells' normal metabolism produce unstable oxygen molecules?

back 41

Free-radical theory

front 42

Which of the following can be expected to occur in early adulthood?

back 42

Sagging chins and protruding abdomens

front 43

Which of the following statements about centenarians is NOT true?

back 43

Japan has the most centenarians.

front 44

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

back 44

Children mature up to 2 years earlier in the U.S. than in England.

front 45

Which of the following statements is true?

back 45

At the beginning of adolescence, girls tend to be as tall as or taller than boys their age.

front 46

Which of the following statements regarding sleep during childhood is NOT true?

back 46

Children who do not get enough sleep are more likely to have mothers with health problems.

front 47

Which statement summarizes normal brain development during the seventh decade of life?

back 47

Dendritic growth might compensate for the possible loss of neurons.

front 48

Which was NOT a finding of the research involving the Sisters of Notre Dame in Mankato?

back 48

Idea density was negatively correlated with brain weight.

front 49

Adults need six hours of sleep to be able to function optimally.

back 49

FALSE

front 50

Boys become more satisfied with their bodies as they move through puberty while girls tend to become more dissatisfied with their bodies.

back 50

TRUE

front 51

Climacteric is the term used to describe the midlife transition in which fertility declines.

back 51

TRUE

front 52

Dendritic growth can occur in human adults.

back 52

TRUE

front 53

During early childhood, boys have more fatty tissue than girls.

back 53

TRUE

front 54

In boys, increased height is associated with an increase in testosterone.

back 54

TRUE

front 55

In the first several days of life, most newborns lose 5-7 percent of their body weight.

back 55

TRUE

front 56

Neurogenesis in the occipital lobe of a human being is possible.

back 56

FALSE

front 57

Recent research suggests that the brains of aging adults may decrease in lateralization, while the brains of children increase in lateralization.

back 57

TRUE

front 58

Research involving the Sisters of Notre Dame in Mankato has revealed that idea density in early adulthood is negatively correlated with cognitive impairment in later adulthood.

back 58

TRUE

front 59

SIDS is more common in Eskimos than Caucasian infants.

back 59

TRUE

front 60

Testosterone is the main class of female hormones.

back 60

FALSE

front 61

The age range of menarche is between 9 and 15 years.

back 61

TRUE

front 62

amygdala

back 62

A part of the brain's limbic system that is the seat of emotions such as anger.

front 63

cellular clock theory

back 63

Leonard Hayflick's theory that the number of times human cells can divide is about 75 to 80. As we age, our cells are less able to divide.

front 64

cephalocaudal pattern

back 64

The sequence in which the fastest growth occurs at the top of the body—the head—with physical growth in size, weight, and feature differentiation gradually working from top to bottom.

front 65

climacteric

back 65

The midlife transition during which fertility declines.

front 66

corpus callosum

back 66

A large bundle of axon fibers that connects the brain's left and right hemispheres.

front 67

estradiol

back 67

A hormone associated in girls with breast, uterine, and skeletal development.

front 68

free-radical theory

back 68

A microbiological theory of aging stating that people age because when their cells metabolize energy, they generate waste that includes unstable oxygen molecules, known as free radicals, that damage DNA and other structures.

front 69

gonadotropins

back 69

Hormones that stimulate the testes or ovaries.

front 70

gonads

back 70

The sex glands, which are the testes in males and the ovaries in females.

front 71

hormonal stress theory

back 71

The theory that aging in the body's hormonal system can lower resistance to stress and increase the likelihood of disease.

front 72

hormones

back 72

Powerful chemical substances secreted by the endocrine glands and carried through the body by the bloodstream.

front 73

hypothalamus

back 73

A structure in the brain that is involved with eating and sexual behavior.

front 74

lateralization

back 74

Specialization of function in one hemisphere or the other of the cerebral cortex.

front 75

life span

back 75

The upper boundary of life, which is the maximum number of years an individual can live. The maximum life span of humans is about 120 years of age.

front 76

menarche

back 76

A girl's first menstrual period.

front 77

menopause

back 77

The time in middle age, usually in the late forties or early fifties, when a woman's menstrual periods cease.

front 78

mitochondrial theory

back 78

The theory that aging is caused by the decay of the mitochondria, which are tiny cellular bodies that supply energy for cell function, growth, and repair.

front 79

myelination

back 79

The process of encasing axons with a myelin sheath, which helps increase the speed and efficiency of information processing.

front 80

pituitary gland

back 80

An important endocrine gland that controls growth and regulates the activity of other glands.

front 81

prefrontal cortex

back 81

The highest level of the frontal lobes that is involved in reasoning, decision making, and self-control.

front 82

proximodistal pattern

back 82

The sequence in which growth starts at the center of the body and moves toward the extremities.

front 83

puberty

back 83

A period of rapid physical maturation involving hormonal and bodily changes during early adolescence.

front 84

sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)

back 84

Condition that occurs when an infant stops breathing, usually during the night, and suddenly dies without an apparent cause.

front 85

testosterone

back 85

A hormone associated in boys with the development of the genitals, increased height, and voice changes.