front 1 kidneys | back 1 retroperitoneal on either side of the backbone in the upper abdominal cavity, partially protected by the lower rib cage. |
front 2 Hilus | back 2 an indentation on the medial side, renal artery enters, renal vein and ureter emerge |
front 3 What is the function of the kidneys | back 3 to form urine to excrete waste products and to regulate the volume, electrolytes, and pH of blood and tissue fluid. |
front 4 Renal Cortex | back 4 outer tissue layer, made of renal corpuscles and convoluted tubules |
front 5 Renal Medulla | back 5 (pyramids) inner tissue layer, made of loops of Henle and collecting tubules. |
front 6 Renal pelvis | back 6 a cavity formed by the expanded end of the ureter within kidney at the hilus; extensions around the papillae of the pyramids are called calyces, which collect urine. |
front 7 Nephron | back 7 the functional unit of the kidney |
front 8 Renal corpuscle | back 8 consists of a glomerulus surrounded by a Bowman's capsule |
front 9 Glomerulus | back 9 a capillary network between an afferent arteriole and an efferent arteriole. |
front 10 Bowman's capsule | back 10 the expanded end of a renal tubule that encloses the glomerulus; inner layer is made of podocytes, has pores, and is very permeable; contains renal filtrate (potential urine. |
front 11 Renal tubule | back 11 consist of the proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule, and collecting tubule. collecting tubules unite to form papillary ducts that empty urine into the calyces of the renal pelvis. |
front 12 Peritubular capillaries | back 12 arise from the efferent arteriole and surround all parts of the renal tubule |
front 13 inferior vena cava | back 13 the renal vein takes blood from the kidney to the: |
front 14 Hydrogen | back 14 if body fluids are becoming too acidic, the kidneys will excrete more of these ions in urine |
front 15 ADH | back 15 the hormone that directly increases the reabsorption of water by the kidneys is: |
front 16 renal tubule to peritubular capillaries | back 16 the process of tubular reabsorption takes place from the: |
front 17 glomerulus to bowman's capsule | back 17 the process of glomerular filtration takes place from the: |
front 18 renal medulla | back 18 the renal pyramids make up the |
front 19 erythropoietin | back 19 when the blood level of oxygen decreases, the kidneys secrete: |
front 20 renin | back 20 when blood pressure decreases, the kidneys secrete: |
front 21 detrusor muscle | back 21 the part of the urinary bladder that actually eliminates the urine is the: |
front 22 external urethral sphincter | back 22 voluntary control of urination is provided by the |
front 23 active transport | back 23 in tubular reabsorption, glucose and amino acids are reabsorbed by the process of: |
front 24 blood flow through the kidneys decreases | back 24 the glomerular filtration rate will decrease if: |
front 25 amino acids | back 25 urea is a nitrogenous waste product that comes from the metabolism of: |
front 26 smooth muscle | back 26 urine is propelled through a ureter by: |
front 27 rib cage and adipose tissue | back 27 the kidneys are protected from mechanical injury by the: |
front 28 bicarbonate ions | back 28 if the fluids are becoming too alkaline, the kidneys will excrete more of these ions in urine |
front 29 muscle | back 29 creatinine is a nitrogenous waste product that comes from energy metabolism in: |
front 30 heart, sodium ions | back 30 atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is produced by the ----and causes the kidneys to excreate |
front 31 cerebrospinal fluid | back 31 around and within the CNS |
front 32 aqueous humor | back 32 within the eyeball |
front 33 synovial fluid | back 33 within joint cavities |
front 34 serous fluid | back 34 between membranes such as the pleural membranes |
front 35 osmosis and filtration | back 35 two processes by which water moves from one compartment to another within the body are |
front 36 plasma to tissue fluid | back 36 filtration forces water out of capillaries into tissue spaces, and the name for this water changes from: |
front 37 urine | back 37 most of the water output from the body is in the form of: |
front 38 ADH function | back 38 increase the reabsorption of water by the kidneys |
front 39 positive and negative ions | back 39 an electrolyte is a substance that, in solution, dissociates into its: |
front 40 electrolytes | back 40 water will move by osmosis to an area where there are more: |
front 41 hypothalamus | back 41 regulation of the water balance of the body is a function of the: |
front 42 decrease | back 42 to compensate for a state of dehydration, urinary output will: |
front 43 increase the reabsorption of sodium and the excretion of potassium. | back 43 the direct effect on the kidneys of the hormone aldosterone is to: |
front 44 plasma and intracellular fluid | back 44 proteins are significant anions in which of these fluid? |
front 45 parathyroid hormone | back 45 the absorption of calcium ions by the small intestine and kidneys is increase by: |
front 46 kidneys | back 46 the mechanism with the greatest capacity to correct an ongoing pH imbalance is the: |
front 47 NaCl and H2CO3 | back 47 the bicarbonate buffer system buffers HCl by reacting to form: |
front 48 the amine group picks up an excess hydrogen ion | back 48 an amino acid is able to buffer a strong acid when: |
front 49 CNS, causing confusion and coma | back 49 a state of acidosis affects the: |
front 50 increase the respiration rate to exhale more CO2 | back 50 the respiratory system will help compensate for a metabolic acidosis by: |
front 51 more hydrogen ions | back 51 to compensate for acidosis, the kidneys will excrete: |
front 52 be breathing rapidly | back 52 an untreated patient with diabetes who is in a state of ketoacidosis will: |
front 53 ANP | back 53 the hormone that increase renal excretion of sodium ions is: |
front 54 sodium | back 54 in tissue fluid and plasma, the most abundant cation is: |
front 55 potassium | back 55 the intracellular cation that is essential for the repolarization of neurons and muscle cells is: |