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38 notecards = 10 pages (4 cards per page)

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Chapter 17 Blood

front 1

Oxygenated blood exits the heart via

back 1

Arteries

front 2

Oxygen-deficient blood enters the heart via

back 2

Veins

front 3

Blood is a

back 3

specialized connective tissue in which living blood cells, called the formed elements, are suspended in a nonliving fluid matrix called plasma

front 4

Erythrocytes

back 4

red blood cells (RBCs) that transport oxygen

front 5

Leukocytes

back 5

white blood cells (WBCs) that act in various ways to protect the body, and platelets, cell fragments that help stop bleeding

front 6

Erythrocytes

back 6

constitute about 45% of the total volume of a blood sample, a percentage known as the hematocrit

front 7

Blood is a

back 7

sticky, opaque fluid with a metallic taste

front 8

Oxygen rich blood

back 8

has a scarlet color

front 9

Oxygen poor blood

back 9

has a dark red color

front 10

Blood has a pH between

back 10

7.35 and 7.45

front 11

Distribution functions of blood include

back 11

  • Delivering oxygen from the lungs and nutrients from the digestive tract to all body cells
  • Transporting metabolic waste products from cells to elimination sites
  • Transporting hormones from the endocrine organs to their target organs

front 12

Regulatory functions of blood include

back 12

  • Maintaining appropriate body temperature
  • Maintaining normal pH in body tissue
  • Maintaining adequate fluid volume in the circulatory system

front 13

Protective functions of blood include

back 13

  • Preventing blood loss
  • Preventing infection

front 14

Blood plasma

back 14

is a straw-colored, sticky fluid

front 15

Albumin

back 15

acts as a carrier to shuttle certain molecules through the circulation, is an important blood buffer, and is a major blood protein contributing to the plasma osmotic pressure

front 16

Blood performs three major functions

back 16

  • Distribution
  • Regulation
  • Protection

front 17

The buffy coat contains

back 17

Leukocytes and platelets

front 18

Erythrocytes are also known as

back 18

red blood cells (RBCs)

front 19

The three formed elements of blood are

back 19

  • Erythrocytes
  • Leukocytes
  • Platelets

front 20

Two of the three formed elements are not true cells

back 20

  • Erythrocytes (no nuclei or organelles)
  • Platelets (cell fragments)

front 21

Mature erythrocytes are

back 21

bound by a plasma membrane, but lack a nucleus and have no organelles

front 22

RBCs transport

back 22

respiratory gases, such as oxygen and carbon dioxide

front 23

A protein that makes RBCs red

back 23

Hemoglobin

front 24

Blood cell formation that occurs in the red bone marrow

back 24

Hematopoiesis

front 25

The various formed elements all arise from

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Hematopoietic stem cell, sometimes called a hemocytoblast

front 26

Erythrocyte production

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Erythropoiesis

front 27

The erythrocyte production pathway

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  1. Proerythroblast
  2. Basophilic erythroblast
  3. Polychromatic erythroblast
  4. Orthochromatic erythroblast
  5. Reticulocyte

front 28

Erythropoietin (EPO)

back 28

a glycoprotein hormone that stimulates the formation of erythrocytes

front 29

Anemia

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a conditioning which the blood's oxygen-carrying capacity is too low to support normal metabolism

front 30

The causes of anemia is divided into three groups

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  • Blood loss
  • Not enough red blood cells produced
  • Too many red blood cells destroyed`

front 31

Polycythemia

back 31

an abnormal excess of erythrocytes that increases blood viscosity

front 32

Leukocytes are grouped into two major categories

back 32

  • Granulocytes
  • Agranulocytes

front 33

Granulocytes include

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  • Neutrophil
  • Eosinophils
  • Basophils

front 34

Agranulocytes include

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  • Lymphocytes
  • Monocytes

front 35

The most numerous white blood cells

back 35

Neutrophil

front 36

Eosinophils

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lead the counterattack against a parasitic worms

front 37

The rarest white blood cells (WBCs) that contain histamine granules

back 37

basophils

front 38

The second most numerous leukocytes in the blood

back 38

Lymphocytes