front 1 Innate immunity | back 1 Natural resistance present a birth that protects from infection. |
front 2 Adaptive immunity | back 2 develops in response to exposure to foreign substances. Gained after birth. |
front 3 Innate defenses (non specific) | back 3 1st line defense ------ Surface barriers - skin and mucous membranes 2nd line defense ------ Internal defenses - phagocytes, fever, Natural Killer cells (NK Cells), antimicrobial proteins, inflammation |
front 4 Adaptive defenses (specific) | back 4 Humoral immunity - B cells Cellular immunity - T Cells |
front 5 Leukocytes | back 5 Neutrophils Eosinophil Basophil Monocytes - Macrophage Lymphocytes |
front 6 Histocompatibility antigens help the immune system | back 6 distinguish self from non self |
front 7 Haemolytic disease of the newborn occurs when | back 7 an Rh negative mother is sensitised against an Rh positive baby |
front 8 The nurse is caring for a patient who is HIV positive and is taking zidovudine (Retrovir). Before administering the medication, the nurse should monitor which laboratory values? | back 8 Complete blood count (CBC) |
front 9 A malignancy particularly associated with AIDS is | back 9 Kaposi's sarcoma |
front 10 The function of a natural killer cell is to | back 10 kill virus-infected and cancer cells |
front 11 Memory and specificity are characteristics of | back 11 B and T cells. |
front 12 After starting an antiviral protease inhibitor, a patient with HIV telephones the nurse, complaining, I m so hungry and thirsty all the time! I m urinating 10 or 12 times a day. The nurse recognizes these findings to be consistent with: | back 12 hyperglycaemia |
front 13 A nurse tells a nursing student that the glucocorticoids given for rheumatoid arthritis are nearly identical to substances produced naturally by the body. The student remarks that the drug must be very safe. Which response by the nurse is correct? | back 13 "Side effects can occur and are dependent on the dose and duration of treatment." |
front 14 20-year-old female has been diagnosed with AIDS. Laboratory testing would reveal diminished levels of: | back 14 helper T cells |
front 15 A 20-year-old male shoots his hand with a nail gun while replacing roofing shingles. Which of the following cell types would be the first to aid in killing bacteria to prevent infection in his hand? | back 15 Neutrophils |
front 16 The period between infection and the appearance of antibodies in the serum is called the | back 16 window period |
front 17 A 30-year-old female complains of fatigue, arthritis, rash and changes in urine colour. Laboratory testing reveals anaemia, lymphopenia and kidney inflammation. Assuming a diagnosis of SLE, which of the following is also likely to be present? | back 17 Autoantibodies |
front 18 A 10-year-old male is stung by a bee while playing in the yard. He begins itching and develops pain, swelling, redness, low blood pressure and respiratory difficulties. He is suffering from: | back 18 anaphylaxis |
front 19 If a person has type O blood, she is likely to have high titres (levels) of anti-_____ antibodies. | back 19 A & B |
front 20 Which of the following is not a component of the innate immune system? | back 20 B and T Cells` |
front 21 Hypersensitivity is best defined as: | back 21 an excessive or inappropriate response of the immune system to a sensitising antigen; antigenic desensitisation. |
front 22 A 30-year-old male was diagnosed with HIV. Which of the following treatments would be most effective? | back 22 Highly active antiretroviral therapy |
front 23 A nurse is reviewing the immune system with a group of nursing students. One student asks about the difference between cell-mediated immunity and humoral immunity. What does the nurse reply? | back 23 Humoral immunity uses cells produced by B lymphocytes in the immune response." |
front 24 A patient with a liver transplant has been receiving cyclosporine (Sandimmune) for 6 months. The nurse reviews this patient s laboratory results and notes a sharp increase in the blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine. Vital signs are normal, and the patient reports no discomfort. What does the nurse suspect? | back 24 Nephrotoxicity |
front 25 A nurse is caring for a patient who has undergone organ transplantation. Because the sequence of amino acids in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules of the donor are different from those of the patient, the nurse will expect to administer which class of drugs? | back 25 Immunosuppressants |
front 26 A Blood has what antibodies | back 26 B antibodies |
front 27 B Blood has what antibodies | back 27 A antibodies |
front 28 AB blood | back 28 no antibodies |
front 29 O Blood | back 29 Both a and b antibodies |
front 30 Agglutination | back 30 foreign cells clump together and become useless |
front 31 O - | back 31 universal doner |
front 32 AB | back 32 universal receiver |
front 33 SLE | back 33 Systemic lupus erythematosus - sever autoimmune disease more common in females no treatment only symptoms can be reduced |
front 34 Systemic Lupus erythematosus - clinical manifestations | back 34 arthritis rashes renal disease haematological changes cardiovascular dieases |
front 35 Treaments for SLE symptoms include | back 35 NSAIDs Corticosteroids Immunosuppressive drugs - methotrexate avoid uv exposure possible stem cell treaments |
front 36 Primary immunodeficiency (Cogenital) | back 36 is usually a genetic defect and is rare |
front 37 Secondary immunodeficiency (acquired) | back 37 caused by other illnesses eg cancer, infection or normal physiological changes like aging they more common than the primary immunodeficiency. |
front 38 Th Cells | back 38 T helper cells CD4 cells |
front 39 AIDS | back 39 Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) |
front 40 HIV transmission | back 40 infected blood, semen or vaginal secretions - getting through the mucous membrane or into the blood stream through sexual, blood to blood contact or perinatally. |
front 41 HIV is | back 41 a retrovirus |