front 1 What is the site where two or more bones met | back 1 Joints (articulations) |
front 2 What are the functions of joints | back 2 give skeleton mobility, hold skeleton together |
front 3 What are the classifications of joints | back 3 functional, structural |
front 4 What is the functional classification of joints based on | back 4 the amount of movement the joint allows |
front 5 What are the functional classifications of joints | back 5 synarthroses, amphiarthroses, diarthroses |
front 6 What functional classification of joints describes immovable joints | back 6 synarthroses |
front 7 What functional classification of joints describes slightly movable joints | back 7 amphiarthroses |
front 8 What functional classification of joints describes freely movable joints | back 8 diarthroses |
front 9 The ribs to sternum (when giving CPR) is an example of what functional classification of joints | back 9 amphiarthroses |
front 10 What are the structural classifications of joints based on | back 10 the material binding bones together, and the presence or absence of a joint cavity |
front 11 What are the structural classifications of joints | back 11 fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial |
front 12 Most fibrous joints are what functional classification | back 12 synarthrotic |
front 13 What are the types of fibrous joints | back 13 sutures, syndesmoses, gomphoses |
front 14 What type of fibrous joint are rigid, interlocking joints that are immovable (for protection of the brain), contain short connective tissue fibers, and allow for growth during youth | back 14 sutures |
front 15 In middle age, sutures ossify and fuse, forming..? | back 15 synostoses |
front 16 What type of fibrous joints include bones connected by ligaments, with fiber length varying so movement varies (little to no movement at inferior tibiofibular joint; large amount of movement at interosseous membrane connecting radius and ulna) | back 16 syndesmoses |
front 17 What type of fibrous joint are peg-in-socket joints of the teeth in alveolar sockets | back 17 gomphoses |
front 18 In gomphoses fibrous joints, what is the fibrous connection called | back 18 periodontal ligament |
front 19 What type of joint have no joint cavity, are not highly movable, and include bones united by cartilage | back 19 cartilaginous joints |
front 20 What are the types of cartilaginous joints | back 20 synchondroses, symphyses |
front 21 What type of cartilaginous joint includes a bar/plate of hyaline cartilage that unites bone (i.e. temporary epiphyseal plate joints, cartilage of 1st rib with manubrium) and are considered synarthrotic | back 21 synchondroses |
front 22 What type of cartilaginous joint include fibrocartilage that unites bone; strong, flexible amphiarthroses | back 22 symphyses |
front 23 What type of joint includes bones separated by fluid-filled joint cavity; all are diarthrotic, and includes all limb joints, and most joints of the body | back 23 synovial joints |
front 24 What are the distinguishing factors of synovial joints | back 24 articular cartilage, joint (synovial) cavity, articular joint capsule, synovial fluid, different types of reinforcing ligaments, nerves and blood vessels |
front 25 In synovial joints, what are the two layers of the articular (joint) capsule | back 25 external fibrous layer, inner synovial membrane that makes synovial fluid |
front 26 What lubricates and nourishes articular cartilage, and contains phagocytic cells to remove microbes and debris | back 26 synovial fluid |
front 27 In synovial joints, what are the different types of reinforcing ligaments | back 27 capsular, extracapsular, intracapsular |
front 28 In synovial joints, what is the cushioning between the fibrous layer and synovial membrane or bone | back 28 fatty pads |
front 29 In synovial joints, what is the fibrocartilage that separates articular surfaces to improve the fit of bone ends, stabilize the joint, and reduce wear and tear | back 29 articular discs (menisci) |
front 30 What structure associated with synovial joints are sacs lined with synovial membrane that reduce friction where ligaments, muscle, skin, tendons and bones rub together | back 30 bursae |
front 31 What structure associated with synovial joints are elongated bursa wrapped completely around the tendon subjected to friction | back 31 tendon sheaths |
front 32 What are the stabilizing factors at synovial joints | back 32 shapes of articular surfaces, ligament number and location, muscle tendons that cross joints |
front 33 In synovial joints, what is the point where muscle attaches to the immovable bone | back 33 origin |
front 34 In synovial joints, what is the point where muscle attaches to the movable bone | back 34 insertion |
front 35 In synovial joints, what is the slipping movement called | back 35 nonaxial |
front 36 In synovial joints, what is movement in one plane called | back 36 uniaxial |
front 37 In synovial joints, what is movement in two planes | back 37 biaxial |
front 38 In synovial joints, what is movement in or around all three planes | back 38 multiaxial |
front 39 What are the types of movements in synovial joints | back 39 gliding, angular movements, and rotation |
front 40 Flexion, extension, hyperextension, abduction, adduction and circumduction are all what type of movement | back 40 angular |
front 41 Intercarpal joints, intertarsal joints, and between articular processes of vertebrae are examples of what type of movement | back 41 gliding |
front 42 What type of movement along the sagittal plane decreases the angle of a joint | back 42 flexion |
front 43 What type of movement along the sagittal plane increases the angle of a joint | back 43 extension |
front 44 What is movement beyond the anatomical position | back 44 hyperextension |
front 45 What type of movement along the frontal plane is movement away from the midline | back 45 abduction |
front 46 What type of movement along the frontal plane is movement toward the midline | back 46 adduction |
front 47 What type of movement involves flexion abduction, extension, and adduction of the limb (limb describes a cone in space) | back 47 circumduction |
front 48 What movement is turning of bone around its own long axis, toward the midline or away from it (medial or lateral) | back 48 rotation |
front 49 What type of movement is palms facing up, as an example (of radius and ulna) | back 49 supination |
front 50 What type of movement would be palms facing down (of radius and ulna) | back 50 pronation |
front 51 What type of movement of the foot would be foot/toes flexing upwards | back 51 dorsiflexion |
front 52 What type of movement of the foot would be pointing your toes | back 52 flexion |
front 53 What type of movement would be jutting your jaw out forward, away from the body | back 53 protraction |
front 54 What type of movement would be pulling your jaw inward, towards the body | back 54 retraction |
front 55 Which type of synovial joint are flat articular surfaces with nonaxial gliding movement, such as in intercarpal joints and joints between vertebral articular surfaces? | back 55 plane joints |
front 56 What type of joint is the elbow joint and interphalangeal joints, that use uniaxial movements, flexion and extension? | back 56 hinge joint |
front 57 What type of joint are the proximal radioulnar joints, involves a sleeve and axle, with rotation movement? | back 57 pivot joint |
front 58 What type of joint are knuckle and wrist joints, with biaxial movement (flexion and extension, adduction and abduction) | back 58 condyler joint |
front 59 What type of joint is the thumb joint, with biaxial movement (flexion and extension, adduction and abduction) and convex and concave articular surfaces? | back 59 saddle joint |
front 60 What type of joint is the shoulder and hip? | back 60 ball and socket joint |
front 61 What is the largest, most complex joint in the body | back 61 knee joint |
front 62 The knee joint includes three joints. They are? | back 62 femoropatellar joint, lateral and medial tibiofemoral joints |
front 63 Which joint includes four rotator cuff tendons | back 63 Shoulder joint |
front 64 What type of joint injury is reinforcing ligaments stretched or torn? | back 64 sprains |
front 65 In what type of joint injury are bones forced out of alignment? | back 65 dislocations (luxations) |
front 66 What is the partial dislocation of a joint? | back 66 subluxation |
front 67 What is inflammation of the bursa? | back 67 bursitis |
front 68 What is inflammation of the tendon sheath typically caused by overuse? | back 68 tendonitis |
front 69 What is common, irreversible, degenerative wear and tear? | back 69 osteoarthritis |
front 70 What is a chronic, inflammatory, autoimmune disease of unknown cause that includes joint pain and swelling | back 70 rheumatoid arthritis |
front 71 What is the deposition of uric acid crystals in joints and soft tissues, followed by inflammation? | back 71 gouty arthritis |