front 1 Diseases of the ___________ are the second most common illnesses in the United States. | back 1 digestive system |
front 2 Diseases of the digestive system usually result from ingesting _____________________________ | back 2 microorganisms or their toxins in food
|
front 3 The fecal–oral cycle of transmission can be broken by the:
| back 3 proper disposal of sewage,
|
front 4 True or False
| back 4 False:
|
front 5 True or False:
| back 5 False
|
front 6 Bacteria in the large intestine assist ______________________________________ | back 6 in degrading food and synthesizing vitamins |
front 7 Up to _____ of fecal mass is microbial cells | back 7 40% |
front 8 _______________, found in the mouth, uses sucrose to form dextran from glucose and lactic acid
| back 8 Streptococcus mutans |
front 9 Bacteria adhere to teeth by the sticky _________, forming dental plaque | back 9 dextran |
front 10 Caries of the cementum and gingivitis are caused by
| back 10 streptococci,
|
front 11 Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis is often caused by ----------------- | back 11 Prevotella intermedia |
front 12 Staphylococcal food poisoning is caused by the ingestion of an _________ produced in improperly
| back 12 enterotoxin |
front 13 S. aureus is inoculated into foods during __________. The bacteria grow and produce enterotoxin in food stored at room temperature | back 13 preparation |
front 14 True or False
| back 14 True |
front 15 Foods with high osmotic pressure (like salt) and those not cooked immediately before consumption are most
| back 15 staphylococcal enterotoxicosis |
front 16 Shigellosis (Bavillary Dysentery) is caused by any of four species of ______________ | back 16 Shigella |
front 17 Symptoms include blood and mucus in stools, abdominal cramps, and fever. | back 17 Symptoms of Shigellosis |
front 18 Infections by __________result in ulceration of the intestinal mucosa | back 18 S. dysenteriae |
front 19 Salmonellosis, or Salmonella gastroenteritis, is caused by many ____________________________ | back 19 Salmonella enterica serovars. |
front 20 Symptoms include nausea, abdominal pain, and diarrhea and begin 12 to 36 hours after eating large numbers of Salmonella | back 20 Salmonellosis |
front 21 True or False
| back 21 True |
front 22 True or False
| back 22 True |
front 23 _________ causes typhoid fever; the bacteria are transmitted by contact with human feces | back 23 Salmonella typhi |
front 24 S. typhi is harbored in the ___________ of carriers | back 24 gallbladder |
front 25 Typhoid fever is treated with ___________ and ________ | back 25 quinolones and cephalosporins |
front 26 Vibrio cholerae O:1 and O:139 produce an exotoxin that ________________________________________ | back 26 alters the membrane permeability of the intestinal
|
front 27 Vibrio gastroenteritis can be caused by ______________________ and _______________________ | back 27 V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus |
front 28 Noncholera Vibrios diseases are contracted by __________________________________ | back 28 eating contaminated crustaceans or contaminated mollusks |
front 29 Traveler’s diarrhea may be caused by enterotoxigenic or enteroinvasive strains of __________. | back 29 E. coli |
front 30 ___________ is the second most common cause of diarrhea in the United States | back 30 Campylobacter |
front 31 Campylobacter is transmitted in | back 31 unpasteurized cow’s milk or fruit juices and poorly cooked |
front 32 ___________________ produces ammonia, which neutralizes stomach acid; the bacteria colonize the stomach
| back 32 Helicobacter pylori |
front 33 with Yersinia Gastroenteritis ____________ and _______________ are transmitted in meat and milk. | back 33 Y. enterocolitica and Y. pseudotuberculosis |
front 34 True or False:
| back 34 True |
front 35 Growth of__________ following antibiotic therapy can result in mild diarrhea or severe colitis. | back 35 C. difficile |
front 36 True or false C. diff condition is usually associated with hospitalized patients and nursing home residents. | back 36 true |
front 37 Mumps virus enters and exits the body through the ____________________ | back 37 respiratory tract |
front 38 This virus causes inflammation of the parotid glands, fever, and
| back 38 Mumps |
front 39 With Mumps After onset of the symptoms, the virus is found in the
| back 39 blood, saliva, and urine |
front 40 Inflammation of the liver is called _________ | back 40 hepatitis |
front 41 Viral causes of hepatitis include hepatitis viruses, _____________ (___), and ____________ (___). | back 41 Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and cytomegalovirus (CMV) |
front 42 _____________ (____) causes hepatitis A | back 42 Hepatitis A virus (HAV |
front 43 HAV is ingested in contaminated food or water | back 43 ingested in contaminated food or water, |
front 44 HAV grows in the | back 44 cells of the intestinal mucosa, and
|
front 45 The virus is eliminated with ________ | back 45 feces |
front 46 _____________ causes hepatitis B, which is frequently serious | back 46 Hepatitis B virus (HBV) |
front 47 HBV is transmitted by | back 47 blood transfusions, contaminated syringes, saliva, sweat, breast milk, and
|
front 48 True or False
| back 48 True |
front 49 Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is transmitted via | back 49 blood |
front 50 Viral gastroenteritis is most often caused by a ___________ or _________________ | back 50 rotavirus or norovirus |
front 51 Ergot poisoning, or ergotism, is caused by the mycotoxin produced by _______________ | back 51 Claviceps purpurea |
front 52 ____________ are the crop most often contaminated with the Claviceps mycotoxin | back 52 Cereal grains |
front 53 Giardia lamblia grows in the intestines of humans and wild animals and is transmitted in | back 53 contaminated water |
front 54 Cryptosporidiosis causative agent is | back 54 Crytosporidium hominis |
front 55 Crytosporidium hominis causes diarrhea | back 55 diarrhea |
front 56 Crytosporidium hominis is transmitted in | back 56 contaminated water |
front 57 Cyclospora Diarrheal Infection is caused by | back 57 C. cayetanensis |
front 58 Cyclospora Diarrheal Infection is transmited by | back 58 contaminated produce |
front 59 Amoebic dysentery is caused by ___________________ growing in the large intestine | back 59 Entamoeba histolytica |
front 60 Tapeworms are contracted by the consumption of _____________________ containing
| back 60 undercooked beef, pork, or fish |
front 61 The ________ attaches to the intestinal mucosa of humans (the definitive host) and matures into an adult
| back 61 scolex |
front 62 _________________ in humans occurs when the pork tapeworm larvae encyst in humans | back 62 Neurocysticercosis |
front 63 Humans are the __________ host for pinworms | back 63 definitive |
front 64 Pinworms are acquired by | back 64 is acquired by ingesting Enterobius eggs |
front 65 how do you contract hookworms | back 65 Hookworm larvae bore through skin and migrate to the intestine to mature into adults |
front 66 hookworm larvae hatch from eggs _________ | back 66 shed in feces |
front 67 Ascariasis is caused by | back 67 . Ascaris lumbricoides |
front 68 Ascaris lumbricoides adults live in _________________ | back 68 human intestines |
front 69 Ascariasis is acquired by _____________ | back 69 ingesting Ascaris eggs |
front 70 Trichinellosis is contracted by | back 70 contracted by ingesting undercooked meat containing larvae |
front 71 Adult females mature in the 1._______ and lay eggs; the new larvae migrate to invade 2._______ | back 71 1. intestine
|
front 72 Trichinellosis Symptoms include | back 72 fever, swelling around the eyes, and gastrointestinal upset |