Print Options

Card layout: ?

← Back to notecard set|Easy Notecards home page

Instructions for Side by Side Printing
  1. Print the notecards
  2. Fold each page in half along the solid vertical line
  3. Cut out the notecards by cutting along each horizontal dotted line
  4. Optional: Glue, tape or staple the ends of each notecard together
  1. Verify Front of pages is selected for Viewing and print the front of the notecards
  2. Select Back of pages for Viewing and print the back of the notecards
    NOTE: Since the back of the pages are printed in reverse order (last page is printed first), keep the pages in the same order as they were after Step 1. Also, be sure to feed the pages in the same direction as you did in Step 1.
  3. Cut out the notecards by cutting along each horizontal and vertical dotted line
To print: Ctrl+PPrint as a list

99 notecards = 25 pages (4 cards per page)

Viewing:

Microbiology Chapter 24 Microbial Diseases of the Respiratory System

front 1

____________ are the most common type of infection

back 1

Infections of the upper respiratory system

front 2

True or False
Pathogens that enter the respiratory system can infect other parts of the body.

back 2

True

front 3

The upper respiratory system consists of ______________

back 3

the nose, pharynx, and associated structures, such as the
middle ear and auditory tubes.

front 4

True or False
Coarse hairs in the nose filter large particles from air entering the respiratory tract

back 4

True

front 5

___________ of the nose and throat trap airborne particles and remove them from
the body.

back 5

The ciliated mucous membranes

front 6

____________ provide immunity to certain infections

back 6

. Lymphoid tissue, tonsils, and adenoids

front 7

The lower respiratory system consists of the ___________________

back 7

larynx, trachea, bronchial tubes, and alveoli.

front 8

Microbes in the lungs can be phagocytized by

back 8

alveolar macrophages

front 9

Respiratory mucus contains _____ antibodies

back 9

IgA

front 10

The lower respiratory system is usually sterile because of the action of the ___________

back 10

ciliary escalator

front 11

Specific areas of the upper respiratory system can become infected to produce

back 11

pharyngitis, laryngitis,
tonsillitis, sinusitis, and epiglottitis.

front 12

True or False
Most respiratory tract infections are self-limiting

back 12

True

front 13

__________________________ can cause epiglottitis

back 13

H. influenza type b

front 14

Streptococcal Pharyngitis is caused by

back 14

group A beta-hemolytic streptococci

front 15

group A beta-hemolytic streptococci consists of

back 15

Streptococcus
pyogenes.

front 16

Symptoms of Streptococcal Pharyngitis (Strep Throat) are:

back 16

inflammation of the mucous membrane
fever
tonsillitis
otitis media

front 17

Rapid diagnosis of Strept Throat is made by _______________

back 17

enzyme immunoassays

front 18

True or False
Rapid Strept Tests are sensitive and specific

back 18

False
They are not very sensitive or specific

front 19

True or False
Negative tests must be confirmed by culture or another type of test.

back 19

True

front 20

True or False.
Immunity to streptococcal infections is type-specific

back 20

True

front 21

Strep throat, if left untreated results in ___________

back 21

Scarlet Fever

front 22

___________ produces erythrogenic toxin when lysogenized by a phage

back 22

S. pyogenes

front 23

Symptoms of Scarlet Fever include:

back 23

red rash
high fever
red, enlarged tongue

front 24

Diphtheria is caused by exotoxin-producing _________

back 24

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

front 25

Diptheria exotoxin is produced when the bacteria are _______________

back 25

lysogenized by a phage

front 26

True or False
With Diptheria A membrane, containing fibrin and dead human and bacterial cells, forms in the throat and can block the passage of air.

back 26

True

front 27

The diptheria exotoxin inhibits ____________, and heart, kidney, or nerve damage may result

back 27

protein synthesis

front 28

Routine immunization in the United States includes diphtheria toxoid in the ___________

back 28

DTaP vaccine

front 29

Slow-healing skin ulcerations are characteristic of _________________

back 29

cutaneous diphtheria

front 30

Bacterial causes of Otitis Media include

back 30

Streptococcus pneumoniae, nonencapsulated Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella
catarrhalis, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus.

front 31

Any one of approximately 200 different viruses can cause the common cold

back 31

rhinoviruses cause about
50% of all colds.

front 32

Symptoms of the Common Cold include

back 32

sneezing, nasal secretions, and congestion

front 33

Rhinoviruses grow best

back 33

slightly below body temperature

front 34

True or False
Antibodies are produced against the specific viruses.

back 34

True

front 35

True or False
Many of the same microorganisms that infect the upper respiratory system also infect the lower respiratory
system

back 35

True

front 36

Diseases of the lower respiratory system include

back 36

bronchitis and pneumonia.

front 37

Pertussis is caused by

back 37

Bordetella pertussis

front 38

The initial stage of pertussis resembles a cold and is called the _____________

back 38

catarrhal stage

front 39

During Pertussis (Whooping Cough) The accumulation of mucus in the trachea and bronchi causes deep coughs characteristic of the ___________

back 39

paroxysmal
(second) stage

front 40

The third stage of pertussis is the ________ stage and can last for months

back 40

convalescence

front 41

True or false
Regular immunization for children has decreased the incidence of pertussis

back 41

True

front 42

Tuberculosis is caused by ________________

back 42

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

front 43

In Tuberculosis what accounts for the bacterium’s acid-fast characteristic as well as its resistance to drying and disinfectants?

back 43

Large amounts of lipids in the cell wall

front 44

M. tuberculosis may be ingested by _________________

back 44

alveolar macrophages

front 45

True or False
if M. tuberculosis is not killed, the bacteria reproduce in the macrophages.

back 45

True

front 46

Lesions formed by M. tuberculosis are called ________

back 46

tubercles

front 47

During Tuberculosis, dead macrophages and bacteria form the caseous lesion that might calcify and appear in an X-ray image as a ___________

back 47

Ghon’s complex

front 48

____________________ results in a tuberculous cavity in which M. tuberculosis can grow.

back 48

Liquefaction of the caseous lesion

front 49

New foci of infection can develop when a caseous lesion ruptures and releases bacteria into blood
or lymph vessels; this is called ____________.

back 49

miliary tuberculosis.

front 50

Miliary tuberculosis is characterized by _______________________________

back 50

weight loss, coughing, and loss of vigor

front 51

True or False
A positive tuberculin skin test can indicate either an active case of TB, prior infection, or vaccination
and immunity to the disease

back 51

True

front 52

_____________ causes bovine tuberculosis and can be transmitted to humans by unpasteurized
milk.

back 52

Mycobacterium bovis

front 53

M. bovis infections usually affect the __________________________________

back 53

bones or lymphatic system

front 54

True or False
Mycobacterium bovis causes bovine tuberculosis and can be transmitted to humans by unpasteurized
milk.

back 54

True

front 55

Typical community-acquired pneumonia is caused by

back 55

S. pneumoniae

front 56

Atypical pneumonias are caused by other microorganisms. Nosocomial pneumonia’s often caused by

back 56

gram negative rods.

front 57

Pneumococcal pneumonia is caused by __________________

back 57

encapsulated Streptococcus pneumoniae.

front 58

Syptoms are Pneumococcal Pneumonia are

back 58

fever, breathing difficulty, chest pain, and rust-colored sputum.

front 59

A vaccine of pneumococcal pneumonia consists of purified capsular material from ___________________________

back 59

23 serotypes of S. pneumoniae

front 60

Alcoholism, poor nutrition, cancer, and diabetes are predisposing factors for _______________________.

back 60

H. influenzae pneumonia

front 61

H. influenzae is a gram ______ _________

back 61

gram-negative coccobacillus

front 62

____________ causes mycoplasmal pneumonia

back 62

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

front 63

Mycoplasmal Pneumonia is an ____________ disease

back 63

endemic

front 64

Mycoplasmal Pneumonia Often occurs in adolescents and young adults; may be referred to as __________________.

back 64

Walking pneumonia

front 65

Legionellosis is caused by ____________________

back 65

Legionella pneumophila

front 66

Legionellosis is an aerobic gram _______

back 66

negative

front 67

Legionaries disease can grow in

back 67

water, such as air-conditioning cooling towers, and then be disseminated in the air.

front 68

Legionella pneumonia :
A) does not appear to be transmitted from person to person
B) does appear to be transmitted from person to person

back 68

A) does not appear to be transmitted from person to person

front 69

Commercial bird handlers are most susceptible to this disease.

back 69

Psittacosis (Ornithosis)

front 70

Psittacosis is caused by

back 70

Chlamydophila psittaci

front 71

Chlamydophila psittaci is transmitted by

back 71

contact with contaminated droppings and exudates of fowl.

front 72

How does Chlamydophila psittaci {Psittacosis (ornithosis)} bacteria survive outside a host

back 72

Elementary bodies

front 73

Chlamydophila pneumoniae causes pneumonia

back 73

pneumonia

front 74

True or False
Chlamydophila pneumoniae is transmitted from person to person.

back 74

True

front 75

________ causes Q fever

back 75

Coxiella burnetii

front 76

Q Fever is usually transmitted to humans through

back 76

unpasteurized milk or inhalation of aerosols
in dairy barns

front 77

_____ is the most common cause of pneumonia in infants

back 77

RSV (Respiratory Syncytial Virus)

front 78

Influenza is caused by ________ and is characterized by chills, fever, headache, and general muscular
aches.

back 78

Influenza virus

front 79

_________ and __________ spikes project from the outer lipid bilayer of the virus.

back 79

Hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) spikes

front 80

Viral strains are identified by ___________

back 80

antigenic differences in the HA and NA spikes

front 81

Viral strains are divided by antigenic differences in their __________

back 81

protein coats (A, B, and C).

front 82

Viral isolates are identified by hemagglutination-inhibition tests and immunofluorescence testing
with _________________

back 82

monoclonal antibodies

front 83

________________ alter the antigenic nature of the HA and NA spikes

back 83

Antigenic shifts

front 84

Minor antigenic changes are caused by ________________.

back 84

antigenic drift

front 85

Deaths during an influenza epidemic are usually from

back 85

secondary bacterial infections

front 86

________________ are available for older adults and other high-risk groups

back 86

Multivalent vaccines

front 87

____________ and _____________ are effective prophylactic and curative drugs against influenza A virus

back 87

Amantadine and rimantadine

front 88

True or False
Fungal spores are easily inhaled; they may germinate in the lower respiratory tract.

back 88

True

front 89

True or False
The incidence of fungal diseases has been decreasing in recent years

back 89

False. It has been increasing

front 90

______________ causes Histoplasmosis

back 90

Histoplasma capsulatum

front 91

what is histoplasmosis

back 91

causes a subclinical respiratory infection that only occasionally progresses to a severe, generalized disease.

front 92

how do you diagnoses Histoplasmosis

back 92

Isolating or identifying the fungus in tissue

front 93

___________________________________ can result in coccidioidomycosis

back 93

Inhaling the airborne arthroconidia of Coccidioides immitis

front 94

If you have coccidioidomycosis when there are predisposing factors such as fatigue and poor nutrition, a progressive disease resembling ___________ can result.

back 94

tuberculosis

front 95

During Pneumocystis Pneumonia, _______________is found in healthy human lungs

back 95

Pneumocystis jirovecii

front 96

True or False
P. jirovecii causes disease in immunosuppressed patients.

back 96

True

front 97

_____________ is the causative agent of blastomycosis

back 97

Blastomyces dermatitidis

front 98

Blastomycosis infection begins in the _______ and can spread to cause extensive abscesses

back 98

lungs

front 99

Histoplasmis, Coccidioidomycosis, Pneumocystis Pneumonia, Blastomycosis can be treated with ___________

back 99

amphotericin B