front 1 Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi | back 1 A symbiotic fungus whose hyphae grow through the cell wall of plant roots and extend into the root cell (enclosed in tubes formed by invagination of the root cell plasma membrane). |
front 2 Ascocarp | back 2 The fruiting body of a sac fungus (ascomycete). |
front 3 Ascomycete | back 3 Member of the fungal phylum Ascomycota, commonly called sac fungus. The name comes from the saclike structure in which the spores develop. |
front 4 Basidiocarp | back 4 Elaborate fruiting body of a dikaryotic mycelium of a club fungus. |
front 5 Basidiomycete | back 5 Member of the fungal phylum Basidiomycota, commonly called club fungus. The name comes from the club-like shape of the basidium. |
front 6 Basidium | back 6 A reproductive appendage that produces sexual spores on the gills of mushrooms (club fungi). |
front 7 Chitin | back 7 A structural polysaccharide, consisting of amino sugar monomers, found in many fungal cell walls and in the exoskeletons of all arthropods. |
front 8 Deuteromycetes | back 8 Traditional classification for a fungus with no known sexual stage. |
front 9 Dikaryotic | back 9 Referring to a fungal mycelium with two haploid nuclei per cell, one from each parent. |
front 10 Ectomycorrhizal Fungus | back 10 A symbiotic fungus that forms sheaths of hyphae over the surface of plant roots and also grows into extracellular spaces of the root cortex. |
front 11 Endophyte | back 11 A fungus that lives inside a leaf or other plant part without causing harm to the plant. |
front 12 Glomeromycete | back 12 Member of the fungal phylum Glomeromycota, characterized by a distinct branching form of mycorrhizae called arbuscular mycorrhizae. |
front 13 Haustorium | back 13 In certain symbiotic fungi, a specialized hypha that can penetrate the tissues of host organisms. |
front 14 Heterokaryon | back 14 A fungal mycelium that contains two or more haploid nuclei per cell. |
front 15 Hypha | back 15 One of many connected filaments that collectively make up the mycelium of a fungus. |
front 16 Karyogamy | back 16 In fungi, the fusion of haploid nuclei contributed by the two parents; occurs as one stage of sexual reproduction, preceded by plasmogamy. |
front 17 Lichen | back 17 The mutualistic association between a fungus and a photosynthetic alga or cyanobacterium. |
front 18 Mycorrhiza | back 18 A mutualistic association of plant roots and fungus. |
front 19 Nucleariid | back 19 Member of a group of unicellular, amoeboid protists that are more closely related to fungi than they are to other protists. |
front 20 Opisthokont | back 20 Member of the diverse clade Opisthokonta, organisms that descended from an ancestor with a posterior flagellum, including fungi, animals, and certain protists. |
front 21 Pheromone | back 21 In animals and fungi, a small molecule released into the environment that functions in communication between members of the same species. In animals, it acts much like a hormone in influencing physiology and behavior. |
front 22 Septum | back 22 One of the cross-walls that divide a fungal hypha into cells. Septa generally have pores large enough to allow ribosomes, mitochondria, and even nuclei to flow from cell to cell. |
front 23 Soredium | back 23 In lichens, a small cluster of fungal hyphae with embedded algae. |
front 24 Yeasts | back 24 Single-celled fungus that reproduces asexually by binary fission or by the pinching of small buds off a parent cell. Some species exhibit cell fusion between different mating types. |
front 25 Zoospores | back 25 Flagellated spore found in chytrid fungi and some protists. |
front 26 Zygomycetes | back 26 Member of the fungal phylum Zygomycota, characterized by the formation of a sturdy structure called a zygosporangium during sexual reproduction. |
front 27 zygosporangium | back 27 In zygomycete fungi, a sturdy multinucleate structure in which karyogamy and meiosis occur. |