front 1 What are the two layers that make up the skin? | back 1 Epidermis, dermis |
front 2 The epidermis is made up of what type of tissue? | back 2 Epithelial |
front 3 The dermis is made up of what type of tissue? | back 3 Connective |
front 4 The hypodermis is also called? | back 4 Superficial fascia |
front 5 What anchors the skin to underlying structures (muscles) and is mostly made up of adipose tissue? | back 5 Hypodermis (superficial fascia) |
front 6 What is the deepest layer of the epidermis? | back 6 stratum basale |
front 7 What is the most superficial layer of the epidermis? | back 7 stratum corneum |
front 8 What are the cell types located in the epidermis? | back 8 keratinocytes, melanocytes, dendritic and tactile |
front 9 Dendritic cells are also called? | back 9 Langerhans |
front 10 Tactile cells are also called? | back 10 Merkel |
front 11 Keratinocyets are tightly connected by what? | back 11 Desmosomes |
front 12 Which types of cells are macrophages that are key activators of the immune system? | back 12 Dendritic/Langerhans |
front 13 Which cells are sensory touch receptors? | back 13 Tactile/Merkel |
front 14 Which layer of the epidermis consists of a single row of stem cells? | back 14 Stratum basale |
front 15 Which layer, also known as the prickly layer, contains prekeratin filaments attached to desmosomes, and has abundant melanosomes and dendritic cells? | back 15 Stratum spinosum |
front 16 Which layer has flattened cells and is where keratinization begins, and has water-resistant glycolipids to slow water loss? | back 16 Stratum granulosum |
front 17 Which layer, also known as the clear layer, only exists in thick skin? | back 17 Stratum lucidum |
front 18 Which layer, also known as the horny layer, consists of 20-30 rows of dead, flat, anucleate keratinized membranous sacs, that protect from abrasion and penetration? | back 18 Stratum corneum |
front 19 What is apoptosis? | back 19 Programmed cell death (in the DNA) |
front 20 What cells are located in the dermis? | back 20 Fibroblasts, macrophages, mast cells and white blood cells |
front 21 What are the two layers of the dermis? | back 21 Papillary, reticular |
front 22 What are dermal papillae? | back 22 Superficial peg-like projections |
front 23 What are the touch receptors located in the dermal papillae? | back 23 Meissner's corpuscles |
front 24 What creates fingerprints and enhance gripping ability? | back 24 friction ridges |
front 25 Which layer of the dermis contains dense fibrous connective tissue, elastic fibers for stretch-recoil properties, and collagen fibers? | back 25 reticular layers |
front 26 What are the collagen fibers parallel to the skin surface that are important to surgeons? | back 26 cleavage lines |
front 27 What are the dermal folds at or near joints? | back 27 flexure lines |
front 28 What are silvery-white scars otherwise known as stretch marks called? | back 28 striae |
front 29 Where are striae located? | back 29 the dermis |
front 30 What are fluid filled pockets that separate the epidermal and dermal layers? | back 30 blisters |
front 31 What are the pigments that contribute to skin color? | back 31 melanin, carotene, hemoglobin |
front 32 Sunspots, also known as tinea versicolor, are what? | back 32 fungal infections |
front 33 Melanin is produced where? | back 33 melanocytes |
front 34 Carotene accumulates where? | back 34 stratum corneum and hypodermis |
front 35 Bronzing is due to inadequate hormones, such as in what disease? | back 35 Addison's disease |
front 36 What are the appendages of the skin? | back 36 hair, hair follicles, nails, sweat glands, sebaceous (oil) glands |
front 37 what is the smooth muscle attached to the follicle that is responsible for goose bumps? | back 37 arrector pili |
front 38 What is the pale, fine body hair of children and adult females? | back 38 vellus |
front 39 What is the coarse, long hair of eyebrows and scalp? | back 39 terminal |
front 40 Sweat glands are also known as ? | back 40 sudoriferous |
front 41 What are the main types of sweat glands? | back 41 eccrine, apocrine |
front 42 Which type of sweat glands also produce protein? | back 42 apocrine |
front 43 Which is the most abundant sweat gland, located in palms, soles and forehead? | back 43 eccrine |
front 44 Which glands function in thermoregulation? | back 44 eccrine |
front 45 which glands are located in axillary and anogenital areas? | back 45 apocine |
front 46 which gland produces sweat, fatty substances and proteins? | back 46 apocrine |
front 47 which gland has ducts that empty into pores? | back 47 eccrine |
front 48 which glands have sweat that empties into hair follicles? | back 48 apocrine |
front 49 which type of glands are modified apocrine glands that line the external ear canal and secrete cerumen (ear wax)? | back 49 ceruminous |
front 50 which type of glands are modified apocrine glands that secrete milk? | back 50 mammary |
front 51 Which type of skin cancer is most commom, stratum basale cells proliferate and invade dermis and hypodermis | back 51 basal cell carcinoma |
front 52 what is the second most common form of skin cancer that involves keratinocytes of the stratum spinosum, metastacizes and is scaly, reddened papule on scalp, ears, lower lip and hands? | back 52 squamous cell carcinoma |
front 53 What is the most dangerous type of cancer? | back 53 melanoma |
front 54 Which degree of burn causes only epidermal damage ? | back 54 first degre |
front 55 which degree of burn causes epidermal and upper dermal damage and blisters appear? | back 55 second degree |
front 56 which degree of burn damages the entire thickness of the skin and usually requires skin grafting? | back 56 third degree |
front 57 What is vernix caseosa? | back 57 sebaceous gland secretion, protects skin of fetus |