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53 notecards = 14 pages (4 cards per page)

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Chapter 3 - Cells

front 1

The structural and functional unit of life

back 1

Cell

front 2

What are the common structures of all cells?

back 2

Plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus

front 3

The control center of the cell

back 3

Nucleus

front 4

This is a lipid bilayer that separates intracellular fluid from extracellular fluid

back 4

Plasma membrane

front 5

True or False: Interstitial fluid is extracellular fluid that surrounds cells

back 5

True.

front 6

The plasma membrane is made up of what?

back 6

Phospholipids, glycolipids and cholesterol

front 7

The phosphate heads of the plasma membrane are ________ and _________.

back 7

Polar, hydrophilic

front 8

The fatty acid tails of the plasma membrane are ________ and ________.

back 8

Nonpolar, hydrophobic

front 9

The _________ of the plasma membrane increases stability.

back 9

Cholesterol

front 10

What are the types of proteins in the plasma membranes?

back 10

Integral and peripheral

front 11

Integral proteins are _________, while peripheral proteins are ________.

back 11

Imbedded, free floating

front 12

These types of proteins in the plasma membrane function as transport proteins (channels and carriers), enzymes, or receptors

back 12

Integral proteins

front 13

These types of proteins in the plasma membrane function as enzymes, motor proteins for shape change during cell division and muscle contraction; cell-to-cell connections

back 13

Peripheral proteins

front 14

List the functions of plasma membrane proteins

back 14

Transport, receptors for signal transduction, attachment to cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix, enzyme activity, intercellular joining, and cell-to-cell recognition

front 15

This makes up 20% of the outer membrane surface

back 15

Lipid rafts

front 16

Lipid rafts contain:

back 16

Phospholipids, sphingolipids, and cholesterol

front 17

What is the "sugar covering" at the cell surface?

back 17

Glycolax

front 18

This is what allows the immune system to recognize self from non-self, but cancerous cells change it continuously

back 18

Glycolax

front 19

Cell junctions can be ______ (like blood cells and sperm cells), or ______.

back 19

Free, bound into communities

front 20

What are the ways that cells are bound in communities?

back 20

Tight junctions, desmosomes, gap junctions.

front 21

In what type of junction do adjacent proteins fuse to form an impermeable junction encircling the cell?

back 21

Tight junctions

front 22

What type of junction has rivets or spot-welds that anchor cells together at plaques (thickenings on the plasma membrane)?

back 22

Desmosomes

front 23

In what type of junction to transmembrane proteins form pores (connexons) that allow small molecules to pass from cell to cell?

back 23

Gap junctions

front 24

Where might you find gap junctions?

back 24

For spread of ions, simple sugars, and other small molecules between cardiac or smooth muscle cells

front 25

This surrounds the cell and contains amino acids, sugars, fatty acids, vitamins, hormones, salts, waste product and water

back 25

Interstitial fluid

front 26

Plasma membranes are _______ _________.

back 26

Selectively permeable

front 27

What are the ways in which substances cross the plasma membrane?

back 27

Passive processes and active processes

front 28

In this type of process, no ATP is required and substances move down the concentration gradient.

back 28

Passive

front 29

In this type of process, ATP is required and it occurs only in living cell membranes

back 29

Active

front 30

What are the types of passive transport?

back 30

Diffusion, filtration

front 31

What are the types of diffusion?

back 31

Simple, carrier and channel-mediated, and osmosis

front 32

This type of passive transport usually occurs across capillary walls

back 32

Filtration

front 33

During diffusion, collisions cause molecules to move down or with their ________ __________.

back 33

Concentration gradient

front 34

The speed of diffusion is influenced by __________ and ___________

back 34

Molecule size and temperature.

front 35

Molecules will passively diffuse through the membrane if they are _______ soluble.

back 35

Lipid

front 36

Molecules will passively diffuse through the membrane if they are small enough or assisted by _________ __________.

back 36

Carrier molecules

front 37

Which vitamins are water soluble?

back 37

Vitamins B and C

front 38

Which vitamins are fat soluble

back 38

All other vitamins besides B and C

front 39

Which lipophobic molecules require facilitated diffusion?

back 39

Glucose, amino acids, and ions

front 40

During this type of facilitated diffusion, integral proteins assist and the binding of substrate causes shape change and then passage across the membrane.

back 40

Carrier-mediated diffusion

front 41

During this type of facilitated diffusion, aqueous channels are formed by transmembrane proteins and selectively transport ions or water.

back 41

Channel-mediated diffusion

front 42

These types of channels are always open.

back 42

Leaky

front 43

These types of channels are controlled by chemical or electrical signals

back 43

Gated

front 44

This type of passive process involves the movement of solvent across a selectively permeable membrane

back 44

Osmosis

front 45

What is the measure of the total concentration of solute particles?

back 45

Osmolarity

front 46

What is the back pressure of water on the membrane?

back 46

Hydrostatic pressure

front 47

What is the tendency of water to move into cell by osmosis?

back 47

Osmotic pressure

front 48

What is the ability of a solution to alter the cell's water volume?

back 48

Tonicity

front 49

When a solution has the same amount of non-penetrating solute concentration as the cytosol (same amount inside and outside), it is called?

back 49

Isotonic

front 50

When the solution has a higher non-penetrating solute concentration than cytosol (more solute outside), it is?

back 50

Hypertonic

front 51

When the solution has a lower non-penetrating solute concentration than cytosol (more inside than out), it is ?

back 51

Hypotonic

front 52

If there is more solute in the cell than outside the cell, water will move _______ the cell.

back 52

Into

front 53

If there is more solute outside the cell than in the cell, water will move _______ the cell

back 53

Out of