front 1 Site of filtrate formation. | back 1 Glomerulus |
front 2 Site that drains the distal convoluted tubule. | back 2 Collecting duct |
front 3 Blood supply that directly receives substances from the tubular cells. | back 3 Peritubular capillaries |
front 4 Site at which most of the tubular reabsorption occurs | back 4 Proximal convoluted tubule |
front 5 ) Low pressure, porous vessels that reabsorb solutes and water from the tubule cells | back 5 Peritubular capillaries |
front 6 ) High pressure vessel that forces fluid and solutes into the glomerular capsule. | back 6 Afferent arterioles |
front 7 May form meandering vessels or bundles of long straight vessels. | back 7 Efferent arterioles |
front 8 ) Play a role in urine concentration. | back 8 Vasa recta |
front 9 Fenestrated vessels that allow passage of all plasma elements but not blood cells. | back 9 Glomerular capillaries |
front 10 The mechanism that establishes the medullary osmotic gradient depends most on the permeability properties of the ________. | back 10 nephron loop |
front 11 Which of the following is not associated with the renal corpuscle? | back 11 a vasa recta |
front 12 An increase in the permeability of the cells of the collecting tubule to water is due to a(n) ________. | back 12 increase in the production of ADH |
front 13 The urinary bladder is composed of ________ epithelium. | back 13 transitional |
front 14 The kidneys are stimulated to produce renin ________. | back 14 by a decrease in the blood pressure |
front 15 Which of the choices below is not a function of the urinary system? | back 15 by a decrease in the blood pressure |
front 16 The ________ artery lies on the boundary between the cortex and medulla of the kidney. | back 16 arcuate |
front 17 The glomerulus differs from other capillaries in the body in that it ________. | back 17 is drained by an efferent arteriole |
front 18 The descending limb of the nephron loop ________. | back 18 contains fluid that becomes more concentrated as it moves down into the medulla |
front 19 Select the correct statement about the ureters. | back 19 The ureters are capable of peristalsis like that of the gastrointestinal tract. |
front 20 The fatty tissue surrounding the kidneys is important because it ________. | back 20 stabilizes the position of the kidneys by holding them in their normal position |
front 21 The renal corpuscle is made up of ________. | back 21 Bowman's capsule and glomerulus |
front 22 The functional and structural unit of the kidneys is the ________. | back 22 nephron |
front 23 Which of the following does not describe the justaglomerular complex? | back 23 Its macula densa cells produce aldosterone |
front 24 The chief force pushing water and solutes out of the blood across the filtration membrane is ________. | back 24 glomerular hydrostatic pressure (glomerular blood pressure) |
front 25 Which of the following acts as the trigger for the initiation of micturition (voiding)? | back 25 the stretching of the bladder wall |
front 26 The filtration membrane includes all except ________. | back 26 renal fascia |
front 27 The mechanism of water reabsorption by the renal tubules is ________. | back 27 osmosis |
front 28 Most electrolyte reabsorption by the renal tubules is ________. | back 28 hormonally controlled in distal tubule segment |
front 29 The macula densa cells respond to ________. | back 29 changes in solute content of the filtrate |
front 30 Which of the following is not reabsorbed by the proximal convoluted tubule? | back 30 creatinine |
front 31 The fluid in the glomerular (Bowman's) capsule is similar to plasma except that it does not contain a significant amount of ________. | back 31 plasma protein |
front 32 Alcohol acts as a diuretic because it ________. | back 32 inhibits the release of ADH |
front 33 The function of angiotensin II is to ________. | back 33 constrict arterioles and increase blood pressure |
front 34 A disease caused by inadequate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) by the pituitary gland with symptoms of polyuria is ________. | back 34 diabetes insipidus |
front 35 An important characteristic of urine is its specific gravity or density, which is ________. | back 35 slightly higher than water |
front 36 Place the following in correct sequence from the formation of a drop of urine to its elimination from the body.
| back 36 nephron, collecting duct, minor calyx, major calyx, ureter,urethra |
front 37 Select the correct statement about the nephrons. | back 37 The parietal layer of the glomerular capsule is simple squamous epithelium. |
front 38 What would happen if the capsular hydrostatic pressure were increased above normal? | back 38 Net filtration would decrease. |
front 39 Which of the following is NOT a part of the juxtaglomerular complex? | back 39 podocyte cells |
front 40 Which of the following is NOT true regarding tubular reabsorption? | back 40 It is a purely passive transport process. |
front 41 Which of the following is the least important influence on reabsorption of a substance in the nephron? | back 41 molecular complexity |
front 42 Reabsorption of high levels of glucose and amino acids in the filtrate is accomplished by ________. | back 42 secondary active transport |
front 43 Which of the choices below is a function of the nephron loop? | back 43 form a large volume of very dilute urine or a small volume of very concentrated urine |
front 44 Which of the following is the correct sequence of kidney development from embryo to fetus? | back 44 pronephros, mesonephros, metanephros |
front 45 Which of the following best describes kidney function in older adults (70 years or older)? | back 45 Kidney function decreases due to kidney atrophy. |
front 46 The factor favoring filtrate formation at the glomerulus is the ________. | back 46 glomerular hydrostatic pressure |
front 47 If the Tm for a particular amino acid is 120 mg/100 ml and the concentration of that amino acid in the blood is 230 mg/100 ml, the amino acid will ________. | back 47 appear in the urine |
front 48 If one says that the clearance value of glucose is zero, what does this mean? | back 48 Normally all the glucose is reabsorbed. |
front 49 Excretion of dilute urine requires ________. | back 49 impermeability of the collecting tubule to water |
front 50 Which of the choices below is NOT a method by which the cells of the renal tubules can raise blood pH? | back 50 by secreting sodium ions |
front 51 In the ascending limb of the nephron loop the ________. | back 51 thick segment moves ions out into interstitial spaces for reabsorption |
front 52 Select the correct statement about urinary system development. | back 52 Kidneys develop from urogenital ridges. |
front 53 Which of the choices below is the least important role of tubular secretion? | back 53 ridding the body of bicarbonate ions |
front 54 What is the most direct function of the juxtaglomerular apparatus? | back 54 help regulate blood pressure and the rate of blood filtration by the kidneys |
front 55 Which of the choices below is the salt level-monitoring part of the nephron? | back 55 macula densa |
front 56 Which of the hormones below is responsible for facultative water reabsorption? | back 56 ADH |
front 57 Which of the choices below is NOT a glomerular filtration rate control method? | back 57 electrolyte levels |
front 58 Which of the choices below are the most important hormone regulators of electrolyte reabsorption and secretion? | back 58 angiotensin II and aldosterone |
front 59 Which cells of the kidney are chemoreceptors that respond to changes in solute content of the filtrate? | back 59 macula densa cells |
front 60 ADH activated water channels called ________ are essential for water reabsorption in the collecting duct. | back 60 Aquaporins |
front 61 The need to get up in the middle of the night to urinate is called ________. | back 61 Nocturia |
front 62 The area between the ureters and urethra is called the ________ in a bladder. | back 62 Trigone |
front 63 The ________ mechanism is the general tendency of vascular smooth muscle to contract when stretched. | back 63 Myogenic |
front 64 The presence of pus in the urine is a condition called ________. | back 64 Pyuria |
front 65 Sodium-linked water flow across a membrane not under hormonal control is called ________ water reabsorption. | back 65 Obligatory |
front 66 List three substances that are abnormal urinary constituents and provide the proper clinical term for such abnormalities. | back 66 Proteins- Proteinuria
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