front 1 Area where B cells become immunocompetent. | back 1 bone marrow |
front 2 Area where T cells become immunocompetent. | back 2 thymus |
front 3 Area where activated immunocompetent B and T cells recirculate. | back 3 blood |
front 4 Area seeded by immunocompetent B and T cells. | back 4 lymph node |
front 5 Area where antigen challenge and clonal selection are most likely to occur. | back 5 lymph node |
front 6 First line of defense. | back 6 Intact skin and mucous membranes |
front 7 Second line of defense. | back 7 Inflammatory response |
front 8 Third line of defense. | back 8 Immune response |
front 9 Innate defense system. | back 9 Inflammatory response and skin and mucous membranes |
front 10 Adaptive defense system. | back 10 Immune response |
front 11 Enables quick and efficient response to secondary exposure to antigen | back 11 Memory cell |
front 12 Absence results in no immune response | back 12 Helper T cell |
front 13 Forms antibody producing cells | back 13 B cell |
front 14 Kills cancer cells and virus infected body cells | back 14 Cytotoxic T cell |
front 15 Slows or stops the immune response | back 15 Regulatory T cell |
front 16 Main antibody of both primary and secondary immune response. | back 16 IgG |
front 17 Protects mucosal barriers. | back 17 IgA |
front 18 Involved in allergies. | back 18 IgE |
front 19 Along with IgM, this is a B cell receptor. | back 19 IgD |
front 20 First to peak during a primary immune response. | back 20 IgM |
front 21 Which of the following is characteristic of antibodies? | back 21 composed of heavy and light polypeptide chains |
front 22 Which of the following is associated with passive immunity? | back 22 passage of IgG antibodies from a pregnant mother to her fetus |
front 23 Which of the following is not a type of T cell? | back 23 antigenic |
front 24 B lymphocytes develop immunocompetence in the ________. | back 24 bone marrow |
front 25 Which of the following is not a function of the inflammatory response? | back 25 replaces injured tissues with connective tissue |
front 26 The redness and heat of an inflamed area are due to a local hyperemia caused by ________. | back 26 vasodilation |
front 27 The antibody molecule is held together by ________ bonds. | back 27 disulfide |
front 28 In clonal selection of B cells, which substance is responsible for determining which cells will eventually become cloned? | back 28 antigen |
front 29 Which of the following statements regarding NK cells is a false or incorrect statement? | back 29 NK cells are a type of neutrophil |
front 30 The process whereby neutrophils and other white blood cells are attracted to an inflammatory site is called ________. | back 30 chemotaxis |
front 31 Small molecules that bind with self-proteins to produce antigenic substances are called ________. | back 31 haptens |
front 32 Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in phagocytosis? | back 32 chemotaxis, adherence, ingestion, digestion, killing |
front 33 Which of the following is not a role of activated complement? | back 33 prevention of immediate hypersensitivity reactions |
front 34 Which of the following does not respond to cell-mediated immunity? | back 34 pathogens in the lumen of the stomach |
front 35 Which of the following cells predominate at the sites of chronic infections? | back 35 Macrophages |
front 36 Interferons ________. | back 36 interfere with viral replication within cells |
front 37 Which of the following determine(s) what specific foreign substances our adaptive immune system will be able to recognize and resist? | back 37 Our genes |
front 38 Regulatory T cells ________. | back 38 may function in preventing autoimmune reactions |
front 39 Select the correct definition about tissue grafts. | back 39 Isografts are between identical twins. |
front 40 Which of the statements below does not describe antigens? | back 40 Antigens only come from microbes. |
front 41 Activated T cells and macrophages release ________ to mobilize immune cells and attract other leukocytes into the area. | back 41 Cytokines |
front 42 Which of the following is a part of the second line of defense against microorganisms? | back 42 phagocytes |
front 43 Which of the following is characteristic of complete antigens? | back 43 reactivity with an antibody |
front 44 B cells respond to the initial antigen challenge by ________. | back 44 producing progeny cells that include plasma cells and memory cells |
front 45 T-cell activation requires ________. | back 45 antigen binding and co-stimulation |
front 46 Cancer cells and virus-infected body cells can be killed before activation of adaptive immunity by ________. | back 46 natural killer cells |
front 47 Complement proteins and antibodies coat a microorganism and provide binding sites, enabling macrophages and neutrophils to phagocytize the organism. This phenomenon is termed ________. | back 47 opsonization |
front 48 Which of the following is not characteristic of the adaptive immune system? | back 48 It is specific for a given organ. |
front 49 Monoclonal antibodies are used for the diagnosis of all of the following except ________. | back 49 juvenile diabetes |
front 50 Which of the following would be classified as a delayed hypersensitivity reaction? | back 50 allergic contact dermatitis |
front 51 Innate immune system defenses include ________. | back 51 phagocytosis |
front 52 Which of the following statements is INCORRECT or FALSE? | back 52 Class II MHC molecules appear only on the surface of antigen-presenting cells, thymic cells, and T cells that have been activated by exposure to antigens. |
front 53 Phagocyte mobilization involves ________. | back 53 mainly neutrophil and macrophage migration into inflamed areas |
front 54 Fever ________. | back 54 production is regulated by chemicals that reset the body's thermostat to a higher setting |
front 55 Immunocompetence ________. | back 55 is the ability of individual cells to recognize a specific antigen by binding to it |
front 56 Select the correct statement about the prevention of immune attack on "self." | back 56 Tolerance is developed during fetal life |
front 57 Cytotoxic T cells ________. | back 57 are the only T cells that can directly attack and kill other cells |
front 58 Helper T cells ________. | back 58 function in the adaptive immune system activation |
front 59 Select the correct statement about immunodeficiency.. | back 59 The causative agent in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a virus that recognizes CD4 proteins. |
front 60 Which of the following is true of immediate hypersensitivities? | back 60 They involve IgE antibodies and the release of histamine from mast cells and basophils. |
front 61 Delayed hypersensitivities ________. | back 61 include allergic contact dermatitis |
front 62 Natural killer (NK) cells ________. | back 62 can kill cancer cells before the immune system is activated |
front 63 Select the correct statement about antigens. | back 63 One antigen may have many different antigenic determinants and may therefore cause the formation of more than one antibody. |
front 64 Clonal selection of B cells ________. | back 64 results in the formation of plasma cells |
front 65 The primary immune response ________. | back 65 has a lag period while B cells proliferate and differentiate into plasma cells |
front 66 Select the correct statement about the function of antibodies. | back 66 Complement fixation is the main mechanism by which antibodies provide protection. |
front 67 Which of the following cells is the most critical cell in immunity? | back 67 helper T cell |
front 68 Which of the following is not an autoimmune disease? | back 68 type II diabetes |
front 69 Which of the following is not a mechanism for the development of autoimmune disorders? | back 69 a second exposure to an allergen |
front 70 Which of the following is not a complement activation pathway? | back 70 lactate pathway |
front 71 Antibody functions include all of the following except ________. | back 71 cross-linking cell-bound antigens on red blood cells when blood types are properly matched |
front 72 Which statement is true about T cells? | back 72 Their proliferation is enhanced by interleukins 1 and 2. |
front 73 Which of the following is not a method by which antibodies work? | back 73 direct cell lysis |
front 74 What is the role of interferon in defense against disease? | back 74 protects cells that have not yet been infected by viruses |
front 75 Which of the following statements is a false or incorrect statement? | back 75 After becoming immunocompetent, the naive T cells and B cells are exported to the bone marrow where the encounters with antigens occur. |
front 76 Which immunoglobulin class is attached to the external surface of B cells and acts as an antigen receptor of the B cell? | back 76 IgD |
front 77 Suppressor factors are ________ that suppress the immune system. | back 77 cytokines |
front 78 Pure antibody preparations specific for a single antigenic determinant are called ________ antibodies. | back 78 monoclonal |
front 79 The most common type of immediate hypersensitivity is ________. | back 79 allergy |
front 80 Natural killer cells can lyse and kill cancer cells and virus-infected body cells ________ the immune system is activated. | back 80 before |
front 81 Septic shock is a dangerous condition where the ________ are released unchecked, making the capillaries very leaky and thus depleting blood fluids. | back 81 Cytokines |
front 82 Harmful or disease-causing microorganisms are called ________. | back 82 Pathogens |
front 83 A group of at least 20 plasma proteins that normally circulate in an inactive state and are a major mechanism for destroying foreign substances in the body are referred to as ________. | back 83 Complement |
front 84 The antibody that becomes bound to mast cells and basophils and causes the cells to release histamine and other chemicals is ________. | back 84 Ige |
front 85 A(n) ________ is a cell hybrid formed from the fusion of tumor cells and B lymphocytes. | back 85 Hybridoma |
front 86 Failure of developing T cells to recognize self MHC during positive selection results in ________. | back 86 Apoptosis |
front 87 An autoimmune disease that severely impairs renal function is ________. | back 87 Glomerulonephritis |