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Chapter 26 fluid and electrolyte balance Study guide

front 1

How much of the total volume of body fluid is intracellular fluid?

back 1

2/3

front 2

80% of the extracellular fluid is:

back 2

interstitial fluid

front 3

This is the largest single component of the human body

back 3

water

front 4

This occurs when water loss is greater than water gain:

back 4

dehydration

front 5

which of the following is used to promote sodium reabsorption by the kidneys?

back 5

aldosterone

front 6

which of the following is used to promote water reabsorption by the kidneys

back 6

andiuretic hormone

front 7

Water intoxication results from:

back 7

dilute body fluids and a a decrease in the osmolarity of interstitial fluids

front 8

Which of the following is a specific function of electrolytes in the body

back 8

carry electrical currents

front 9

in extracellular fluid the most abundant CATION is

back 9

Na+

front 10

in extracellular fluid the most abundant ANION is:

back 10

Cl-

front 11

in INTRACELLULAR fluid the most abundant cation is

back 11

K+

front 12

The Na+ level in blood is controlled by

back 12

aldosterone

front 13

This occurs between RBC and blood plasma as the blood level of carbon dioxide increases or decreases

back 13

chloride shift

front 14

This is the most abundant mineral in the body

back 14

Calcium

front 15

PTH, calcitriol and calcitonin are

back 15

the main regulators of calcium in the blood

front 16

Buffer systems exhaling carbon dioxide and excretion by the kidneys are all

back 16

ways to eliminate H+ from the body

front 17

This is a condition where blood pH is below 7.35

back 17

acidosis

front 18

Inadequate exhalation of carbon dioxide can cause

back 18

blood pH to decrease

front 19

This imbalance results when systemic arterial blood CO2 levels raise to abnormal values:

back 19

respiratory acidosis

front 20

This is the most common cause of metabolic alkalosis:

back 20

vomiting

front 21

This is the most common cause of transitory respiratory alkalosis

back 21

hyperventilation

front 22

The rate of fluid intake and outtake is how much higher i an infant than in an adult

back 22

7times higher

front 23

The largest volume of body fluid is located

back 23

within cells

front 24

Bone, DNA,RNA, ATP and cell membranes all have one thing in common

back 24

phosphate

front 25

Levels of which of the following are regulated by aldosterone

back 25

sodium

front 26

Electrolytes

back 26

dissociate into anions and cations

front 27

Reabsorption of sodium from tubules of the nephron establishes an osmotic gradient that causes this to move back into the blood

back 27

water

front 28

The cerebrospinal fluid in the brain is classified as:

back 28

extracellular fluid

front 29

Hyperventilation (breathing in and out more air than normal) during a panic attack causes an increase in blood:

back 29

partial pressure of CO2

front 30

The oxygen atoms that we breath in are used immediately in aerobic respiration to make ATP and:

back 30

H2O

front 31

True/False: ADH and aldosterone are hormones that regulate fluid loss

back 31

True

front 32

The primary way to increase body water is to increase the formation of metabolic water

back 32

False

front 33

Most buffers consist of a mixture of weak acid that can donate H+ and the salt of that weak acid that can accept H+. Through this action pH change is resisted due to increases and decreases in H+ concentration

back 33

True

front 34

An increase in blood volume will stimulate thirst.

back 34

False

front 35

Albumin is a protein "buffer"in blood plasma

back 35

True

front 36

Changes in osmolarity and osmosis are the primary causes of water movements between various flud compartments in the body

back 36

True

front 37

Lists: LIst four hormones that regulate urine production in the kidneys:

back 37

ADH, aldosterone, angiotensin II, atrial naturetic peptide

front 38

Matching: Can be caused by oxygen deficiency at high altitude, stroke, or severy anxiety

back 38

Respiratory alkalosis

front 39

Can be caused by excessive vomiting of gastric contents, gastric suctioning, use of certain diuretics, severe dehydration, or excessive intake of alkaline drugs

back 39

metabolic alkalosis

front 40

AN abnormal increase in the volume of intersitial fluid

back 40

Edema

front 41

Can occur during renal failure or destruction of body cells that release phosphates into the blood

back 41

hyperphosphatemia

front 42

Can be caused by actual loss of bicarbonate ions, ketosis, or failure of the kidneys to excrete H+

back 42

metabolic acidosis

front 43

Can be caused by excessive waterintake, excessive vomiting, or aldosterone deficiency

back 43

Hyponatremia

front 44

Can be caused by emphysema, pulmonary edema, injury to the respiratory center of the medulla oblongata, airway destruction, or disorders of the muscles of breathing

back 44

respiratory acidosis

front 45

Can occur from hypoparathyroidism

back 45

hypocalcemia

front 46

Can be caused by decreased potassium intake or kidney disease; results in muscle fatigue, increased urine output, changes in electrocardiogram

back 46

hypokalemia

front 47

condition that can occur as water moves out of plasma into interstitial fluid and blood volume decreases

back 47

hypovolemia

front 48

Can be caused by excessive sodium in the diet or with dehydration

back 48

hypernatremia

front 49

occurs when water loss is greater than water gain

back 49

dehydration

front 50

the swelling of cells due to water moving from plasma into interstitial fluid and then into cells

back 50

water intoxication