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Chapter 4 Muscle & Nervous Tissue, Membranes, Repair, Development

front 1

Tissue type responsible for body movement?

back 1

Muscle

front 2

Versions of actin and myosin filaments that bring about movement or contraction?

back 2

Myofilaments

front 3

What are the 3 types of muscle tissue?

back 3

Skeletal
Cardiac
Smooth

front 4

Skeletal muscle cells, also called __________, are long cylindrical cells.
Muscle fibers

back 4

Muscle fibers

front 5

__________ muscle is found only in the walls of the heart.

back 5

Cardiac

front 6

__________ muscle is named so because it has no visible striations

back 6

Smooth

front 7

True or False
Skeletal muscle is involuntary, cardiac and smooth muscles are voluntary.

back 7

False
Skeletal in voluntary, the other 2 are involuntary.

front 8

What tissue regulates and controls body function?

back 8

Nervous

front 9

What are the 2 major cell types of nervous tissue?

back 9

Neurons and supporting cells

front 10

True or False
Supporting cells conduct nerve impulses, and Neurons are non-conducting cells

back 10

False
Neurons conduct impulses. Supporting cells support, insulate, and protect neurons.

front 11

Neurons respond to stimuli via processes called __________.

back 11

Dendrites

front 12

Neurons transmit electrical impulses via processes called __________.

back 12

axons

front 13

What are the 3 types of covering and lining membranes?

back 13

Cutaneous
Mucous
Serous

front 14

__________ membrane is your skin.

back 14

Cutaneous

front 15

__________ membranes line all body cavities that open to the outside of the body.

back 15

Mucous

front 16

In mucous membranes, the epithelial sheet lies directly over a layer of loose connective tissue called the __________, but in some, the __________ rests on a 3rd layer of smooth muscle cells.

back 16

lamina proper

front 17

__________ membranes are the moist membranes found in closed ventral body cavities.

back 17

Serous

front 18

__________ fluid lubricates the facing surfaces of the parietal and visceral cavities so the organs can slide across easily.

back 18

serous

front 19

What are the 3 types of serous membranes?

back 19

Pleurae
Pericardium
Peritoneum

front 20

Match.
1. Pleurae
2. Pericardium
3. Peritoneum

A. line the thoracic wall and cover lungs
B. Encloses the abdominopelvic viscera
C. Encloses the heart

back 20

1. A
2. C
3. B

front 21

Name some body-defenses that help keep the body safe from the external environment.

back 21

Skin, mucous, cilia, stomach acid.

front 22

The __________ response is a relatively nonspecific reaction that happens quickly when there is an injury.

back 22

inflammatory

front 23

The _________ response is very specific, but takes longer to spring into action.

back 23

immune

front 24

What are the steps of tissue repair?

back 24

Inflammation starts
Organization restores the blood supply
Regeneration and Fibrosis

front 25

True or False
Regeneration replaces destroyed tissue with the same kind of tissue.

back 25

True

front 26

True or False
Fibrosis is the formation of a scar.

back 26

True

front 27

Which of these options decide whether Fibrosis or Regeneration needs to occur:
1. The type of tissue damage
2. The severity of the injury
3. The age of the organism

back 27

Both 1 and 2.

front 28

_________ is the first phase of tissue repair.

back 28

Organization

front 29

During organization, the blood clot is replaced by __________ tissue.

back 29

granulation

front 30

True or False
Cardiac muscles and the nervous tissue in the brain and spinal cord regenerate extremely well and quickly.

back 30

False
They have virtually no functional regenerative capacity. They are routinely replaced by scar tissue.

front 31

Scar tissue is strong, but lacks flexibility like the original tissue. Why is this?

back 31

It is composed mostly of collagen fibers.

front 32

How could the formation of a scar on the bladder, heart, and other muscular organs produce a homeostatic imbalance?

back 32

The scar reduces the internal volume, and could hinder or block substances from moving through.

front 33

1 of the first events of embryonic developement is the formation of the 3 _______________.

back 33

primary germ layers

front 34

What are the 3 primary germ layers?

back 34

ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm.

front 35

Relatively undifferentiated cells that divide as necessary to produce new cells are the ________ cells.

back 35

stem