front 1 Model others | back 1 Observation learning is learning that occurs when we__________-- |
front 2 Learning | back 2 is relatively permanent change in behavior that occurs through experience |
front 3 Observational | back 3 Learning by watching the behavior of others is in social learning theory called ____________ learning |
front 4 Food, water and sexual satisfaction | back 4 Which of the following are examples of primary reinforces? |
front 5 Negative reinforcement | back 5 When removal of a stimulus in response to a behavior increases the frequency of that behavior, _______ is said to have occurred. |
front 6 Unconditioned response | back 6 When a dog salivates upon tasting food, the salivation is called the ________ reponse |
front 7 Increases, decrease | back 7 In term of increasing or decreasing behavior in operant conditioning, negative reinforcement ________ a behavior whereas punishment _______ it. |
front 8 Behaviorism | back 8 is a theory of learning that focuses solely on observable behaviors, discounting the importance of mental activities such as thinking, wishing, and hoping. |
front 9 Money , Praise | back 9 Which of the following are secondary reinforcers? |
front 10 classical | back 10 The form of associative learning where a neutral stimulus becomes associated with a stimulus to which the subject has an automatic inborn reponse is called _____________ conditioning |
front 11 The process by which a stimulus increases the probability that behavior will be repeated | back 11 What is the definition of reinforcement? |
front 12 1. behaviors followed by bad results are less likely to occur
| back 12 According to Thorndike's law of effect, |
front 13 The form of associative learning in which a neutral stimulus is associated with a stimulus to which the subject has an automatic, inborn response. | back 13 Define classical condition |
front 14 Negative | back 14 _______ reinforcement is the removal of a stimulus after a behavior to increase the frequency of that behavior |
front 15 Positive | back 15 ________ reinforcement is the presentation of a stimulus after a behavior |
front 16 Ration-interval | back 16 Which of the following is NOT a schedule of partial reinforcement? |
front 17 A previously neutral stimulus that eventually elicits a learned response | back 17 What is a conditioned stimulus? |
front 18 Reinforcement | back 18 is the process in operant conditioning by which a stimulus increases the probability that a behavior will be repeated. |
front 19 When a child imitates his mother's actions | back 19 Which of the following is an example of observational learning? |
front 20 Conditioned response | back 20 By ringing a bell whenever he gave food to his lab dogs, Pavlov eventually got the dogs to salivate to the sound of the bell. In this context the salivation elicited by sound of the bell is called the |
front 21 Operant conditioning | back 21 _________ _________ is a form of associative learning in whcih the consequences of a behavior change the probability of the behavior's occurence |
front 22 Schedules | back 22 __________ of reinforcement are timetables that determine when a behavior will be reinforced. |
front 23 reduce the frequency of a behavior | back 23 Punishment will tend to |
front 24 Classical | back 24 _________ conditioning can produce immunosuppression, a decrease in the production of antibodies. |
front 25 A form of problem solving in which the organism develops a sudden understanding of the problem's solution | back 25 What is insight learning? |
front 26 Ratio | back 26 If one wants a high rate of responding, one should use which type of schedule? |
front 27 fixed interval | back 27 The pattern of intermittent reinforcement in which reponses are always reinforced after a set period of time has passes is called a ________ ________ schedule |
front 28 An extinguished conditioned response reemerges | back 28 Which of the following is the definition of spontaneous recovery? |
front 29 UR | back 29 What is the abbreviation for 'unconditioned response'? |
front 30 reduce the frequency of a behavior | back 30 Both positive and negative punishment |
front 31 Implicit or latent learning | back 31 The term used to describe learning that is not reinforced and is not reflective immediately in behavior, the term used is ______ learning |
front 32 Modeling | back 32 When a child tells a doll not to eat too much candy after having been told so by its mother, this is an example of |
front 33 voluntary behaviors | back 33 Operant conditioning is better than classical conditioning at explaining: |
front 34 True | back 34 True or false: Acquisition in classical conditioning is the initial learning of the stimulus-response link. |
front 35 Behavioral | back 35 _________ modification is the use of operant conditioning to change human behavior |
front 36 Continuous , patial | back 36 In __________ reinforcement, the reinforcer is presented eery time; whereas in _________ reinforcement, the reinforcer is presented some of the time. |
front 37 CR | back 37 What is the abbreviation for 'conditioned response'? |
front 38 Classical | back 38 A learned association between a particular taste and nausea is a special kind of ______ conditioning. |
front 39 Involves removing a stimulus | back 39 Unlike positive punishment, negative punishment |
front 40 Shaping | back 40 When a rat is enters a Skinner box, it has to learn to press a lever to get food. At the very beginning of this process, it is rewarded with food when it is only in the vicinity of the lever, then it is rewarded when it touches the lever, and so on. This technique of rewarding successive approximations of a desired behavior is___________ |
front 41 Automatically causes a response, each time it is presented | back 41 The unconditioned stimulus |
front 42 Expectancy learning | back 42 Expectancy ______ is when for example, a patient can see that they are getting a drug for pain (as in a pill versus an injection) because their own past expectations are triggered to expect pain reductio, |
front 43 Extinction | back 43 In classical conditioning, the weakening of the conditioned response when the unconditioned stimulus is absent is known as ______ |
front 44 False | back 44 True or false: A variable-interval schedule is a timetable in which behaviors are rewarded an average number of times, but on an unpredictable basis. |
front 45 Spontaneous | back 45 The sudden reappearance of an extinguished response is called _______ recovery |
front 46 True | back 46 True or false: A fixed-ratio schedule reinforces a behavior after a set number of behavior |
front 47 learned response | back 47 The conditioned response is the ______ response to the conditioned stimulus that occurs after the pairing of a conditioned stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus |
front 48 Extinction | back 48 When a previously conditioned response decreases and eventually disappears, ______ has occurred. |
front 49 Behavior modification | back 49 Applied behavior analysis or _______ modification is the use of operant conditioning principles to change human behavior. |
front 50 unconditioned stimulus | back 50 A(n)_____ stimulus produces a response without prior learning. |
front 51 Perform a behavior | back 51 What behavior do rats engage in while in a "Skinner box"? |
front 52 neutral stimulus | back 52 In classical conditioning, a stimulus that does not bring about a response of interest is a ______- stimulus |
front 53 Shaping | back 53 _____ can be especially helpful for learning tasks that require time and persistence to complete because rewards are given as subjects get closer to approximating the task. |
front 54 Addition of a stimulus to decrease a behavior | back 54 Positive punishment is____ |
front 55 Sam is reinforced every 2-5 times he puts his toys away | back 55 Which of the following is a variable ratio schedule? |
front 56 Generalization | back 56 In clasical conditioning, the tendency of a new stimulus to elicit a response that is similar to the conditioned response is known as ______- |
front 57 Negative punishment | back 57 the removal of a stimulus to decrease a behavior |