front 1 Chemical messengers that act on neurons in the immediate vicinity of their release are known as | back 1 Neurotransmitters |
front 2 Chemical messengers that diffuse from their site of release to affect neurons at some distance away are known as | back 2 Neuromodulators |
front 3 This chemical,is released from the adrenal gland and travels through the bloodstream it fits into the receptors on almost every cell in the body | back 3 Neurohormone |
front 4 Acetylcholine (ach) is synthesized from | back 4 Choline, usually found in dietary fats, and acetyl coenzyme a, a substance formed by the actions of mitochondria within cells |
front 5 The primary neurotransmitter at the neuromuscular junction is | back 5 Acetylcholine |
front 6 Neurons using which of the following neurotransmitters are particularly likely to deteriorate in the case of Alzheimer's disease | back 6 Acetylcholine |
front 7 Cholinerigic neurons in the brain are important to which of the following behaviors | back 7 Learning and memory |
front 8 Or a nod his friends were experimenting with experimenting with the hallucinegic Amanita mushrooms, and he experienced a sudden drop in blood pressure. Which of the following is the best explanation for rob's symptoms | back 8 The muscarine in the mushrooms interacted with cholinergic receptors in Robs central nervous system |
front 9 Behaviors involving movement, reinforcement, and planning often involve brain systems that use the neurotransmitter | back 9 Dopamine |
front 10 Parkinson's disease typically results from degeneration of the brain systems using the neurotransmitter | back 10 Dopamine |
front 11 Given the typical symptoms of ADHD including impulsivity, difficulty paying attention, and unusually high levels of motor behavior, which of the following neurotransmitters do you think would be involved | back 11 Epinephrine |
front 12 The primary source of norepinephrine in the brain is the | back 12 Locus coeruleus |
front 13 In PTSD people often feel hyper vigilant or unable to relax even when they're in a safe situation. Which of the following neurotransmitters might be involved in this unusual state | back 13 Norepinephrine |
front 14 Which of the following neurotransmitters are released by the autonomic nervous systems | back 14 Ach and norepinephrine |
front 15 Tryptophan serves as a precursor in the synthesis of | back 15 Serotonin |
front 16 The regulation of sleep, mood and appetite involve brain systems using the neurotransmitter | back 16 Serotonin |
front 17 The most frequently used excitatory neurotransmitter in the cns is | back 17 Glutamate |
front 18 Jennifer enjoys Asian food, but carefully avoids the food additive msg. If she eats it by mistake she experiences a rapid pulse, chest pain and nausea. Jennifer's symptoms result from interaction between msg and which of the following neurotransmitters | back 18 Glutamate |
front 19 Brad very nearly died after consuming alcohol and barbiturates at a party. Which of the following statements is the best explanation for brads close call? | back 19 Both alcohol and barbiturates interact with the GABAa receptor, producing a dangerous level of cms inhibition |
front 20 Which of the following neurotransmitters are most directly involved with the perception of pain | back 20 Adenosine |
front 21 A neuropeptide involved with the perception of pain is | back 21 Substance p |
front 22 Within the brain nitric oxide | back 22 Appears to play an important role in regulating sensory input to the cortex |
front 23 Drugs that enhance the activity of a neurotransmitter are known as | back 23 Agonists |
front 24 Chef felines stimulant effects occur because it is an _______ neurotransmitter adenosine | back 24 Antagonist for the inhibitory |
front 25 Drugs that interfere with the activity of a neurotransmitter are known as | back 25 Antagonists |
front 26 Eating carbs before bed may promote sleep, because carbs raise brain levels of tryptophans which | back 26 Are precursors for the synthesis of serotonin |
front 27 Jonathan is being treated for high blood pressure and heart disease with the drug reserpine. Which of the following side effects should Jonathan and his physician expect to see | back 27 Profound depression |
front 28 Christina was bitten bya black widow spider while retrieving some wood for her fireplace her abdominal muscles began to contract painfully, which was to be expected because black widow spider venom | back 28 Promotes greater the normal release of ach at the neuromuscular junction |
front 29 Botulin and it's deactivated version Botox causes muscle paralysis by | back 29 Preventing the release of ach |
front 30 If a newly developed drug activated receptors for a neurotransmitter, the drug would be considered a __________ for that neurotransmitter | back 30 Agonist |
front 31 Kerry's little brother was recently Ritalin for his ADHD. Having completed her bio psych course, she was able to explain to her parents Ritalin was most similar in its actions at the synapse to | back 31 Cocaine and amphetamine |
front 32 Which of the following drugs act as reuptake inhibitors | back 32 Cocaine and prozac |
front 33 Sarin gas is a type of organophosphate. It was released in a Tokyo subway by a religious sect, killing 12 people. Organophosphate are dangerous because they | back 33 Interfere with acetylcholinesterase allowing acetylcholine to overstimulate muscle fibers |
front 34 Modern antidepressants such as fluoxetine
| back 34 Inhibiting the reuptake of serotonin |
front 35 The magnitude of a drugs effect is most directly a result of | back 35 The concentration of the drug in the blood supply |
front 36 John participates in a drinking game at a friends weekend party and after a while finds himself vomiting uncontrollably. Which of the following statements is the best description of johns situation | back 36 John has ingested a dangerous amount of alcohol and his area postrema has initiated vomiting in order to remove remaining alcohol from his stomach |
front 37 Lisa and Tom both weigh 160 lbs, and both just consumed 2 beers in the last hour. We can conclude | back 37 Lisa blood alcohol level will probably be higher than toms because alcohol is diluted by muscle and men usually have more muscle than women |
front 38 With repeated use of a drug more of the drug is necessary to achieve the same effects. This demonstrates the development of | back 38 Tolerance |
front 39 Cindy abuses barbiturates and she continually increases her doses. What is the likely outcome? | back 39 She is very likely overdose, because some barbiturates show effects of tolerance while others do not |
front 40 Darrell is going through withdrawal from a drug and is showing symptoms of extreme excitation and seizures. The drug he was using is most likely | back 40 Alcohol |
front 41 Rita is going through withdrawal froma drug and is showing symptoms of lethargy. The drug she was using is most likely | back 41 Amphetamine |
front 42 A brain structure that appears to be involved with addiction is the | back 42 Nucleus accumbens |
front 43 Caffeine use is correlated with lower rates of | back 43 Parkinson's deisease |
front 44 Amphetamine and cocaine | back 44 Inhibit dopamine reuptake |
front 45 Ecstasy is most similar in chemical make up to which of the following drugs | back 45 Methamphetamine and mescaline |
front 46 OxyContin closely resembles | back 46 Herion |
front 47 The negative impact of THC on memory may be due to effect on | back 47 Hippocampus and prefrontal cortex |
front 48 Mescaline from peyote cactus may produce hallucinations by influencing the activity of | back 48 Serotonin |
front 49 Which of the following hallucinogens often results in the user becoming physically violent | back 49 PCP |
front 50 Memory problems associated with alcohol may result from its activity at ________ receptors | back 50 NMDA glutamate |
front 51 Herbal alternative medicines | back 51 Do not undergo the same testing and evaluation as prescription medications |
front 52 St. John's wort a non prescription herbal substance frequently used as an antidepressant produces it main effect by | back 52 Inhibiting serotonin reuptake |
front 53 Which of the following experiences do not experience a critical window? | back 53 Mathematical reasoning |
front 54 1 yr old joeys eyes have been crossing whenever he tries to focus on anything close to him. The doctor has told his parents that he has to have glasses immediately and wear them whenever he is awake. Why would the doctor say that | back 54 Joeys eyesight is still developing and if he doesn't wear the glasses during the critical period his vision could be permanently damaged |
front 55 According to research, Romanian orphans showed optimum recovery from early childhood deprivation when they were adopted prior to the age of | back 55 Six months |
front 56 Critical periods may end in response to | back 56 The end of axon growth in a particular part of the brain |
front 57 Researchers believe at the conclusion of myelin growth spurts in areas associated with language learning probably indicates | back 57 The end of a critical period for language learning |
front 58 Most cases of Down syndrome are the result of | back 58 Maternal age |
front 59 Having family members with which of the following disorders raises your chances of producing a child with the same disorder | back 59 Fragile x and PKU |
front 60 In which of the following conditions can the failure to a follow a carefully prescribed diet result in mental retardation | back 60 PKU |
front 61 Fetal alcohol syndromes occurs | back 61 Even in cases in which the mother drinks only moderately |
front 62 At the onset of Alzheimer's disease, the first areas to show degeneration | back 62 Hippocampus and posterior cingulate cortex |
front 63 An abnormal protein found in brains of people with Alzheimer's disease is known as | back 63 Amyloid |