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Ch 6 quiz

front 1

A condition that produces a reduction in bone mass sufficient to compromise normal function is __________.
A. osteoporosis
B. osteomalacia
C. osteitis
D. osteopenia
E. osteomyelitis

back 1

A. osteoporosis.

front 2

Which of the following statements concerning the periosteum of a bone is NOT true?
A. The periosteum consists of an outer,dense
connective tissue layer and an inner osteogenic
layer.
B. Blood vessels enter bone through periosteum.
C. All bone surfaces in the body are covered by
the periosteum.
D. The periosteum provides strong attachment and
continuity from tendon to bone.
E. The periosteum is important for bone growth
in width.

back 2

C. All bone surfaces in the body are covered by
the periosteum.

front 3

During fetal development, intramembranous ossification takes place in __________.

A. the center of the epiphysis
B. lamellae
C. the medullary cavity
D. fibrous connective tissue membranes.
E. cartilage

back 3

D. fibrous connective tissue membranes.

front 4

Mary is 50 years old. During a checkup, a bone scan reveals that portions of her skeleton show signs of osteoporosis. After reviewing the test results, her physician suggests hormone therapy. What hormone is prescribed for Mary?
A. thyroid hormone
B. growth hormone
C. estrogen
D. parathyroid hormone
E. calcitonin

back 4

C. estrogen

front 5

The bones of the skeleton store energy reserves as lipids in areas of __________.
A. yellow marrow
B. the ground substance
C. spongy bone
D. red marrow
E. the matrix of bone tissue

back 5

A. yellow marrow

Yellow marrow is adipose tissue where energy is stored in the fat cells.

front 6

The cells that maintain mature compact bone are __________.
A. osteocytes
B. osteoclasts
C. osteoblasts
D. lacunae
E. chondrocytes

back 6

A. osteocytes

Osteocytes are mature bone cells that are embedded in the matrix.

front 7

The lacunae of bone contain __________.
A. blood cells
B. bone marrow
C. chondroblasts
D. osteocytes
E. osteons

back 7

D. osteocytes

front 8

The process of bone growth at the epiphyseal plate is similar to __________.
A. the process of osteopenia
B. the process of healing a fracture
C. the process of calcification
D. intramembranous ossification
E. endochondral ossification

back 8

E. endochondral ossification

front 9

The two types of osseous tissue are __________.
A. bones and cartilage
B. long bone and short bone
C. dense bone and compact bone
D. spongy bone and cartilage
E. compact bone and spongy bone

back 9

E. compact bone and spongy bone

front 10

When the epiphyseal plate is replaced by bone,_____
A. interstitial bone growth begins
B. appositional bone growth begins
C. long bones have reached their adult length
D. the bone becomes more brittle
E. puberty begins

back 10

C. long bones have reached their adult length

front 11

Intramembranous ossification __________.

A. begins within a connective tissue membrane
B. is responsible for long bone formation
C. begins with a cartilaginous precursor
D. is the most common way bones are formed

back 11

A. begins within a connective tissue membrane

front 12

A fracture in the shaft of a bone would occur in the __________.
A. metaphysis
B. diaphysis
C. epiphysis
D. epiphyseal line

back 12

B. diaphysis

front 13

Growth of a cartilage in which the chondrocytes within the matrix become active and proliferate is known as __________.

A. appositional growth
B. hypertrophic growth
C. endochondral growth
D. interstitial growth

back 13

D. interstitial growth

front 14

Osteocytes maintain contact with the blood vessels of the central canal through __________.

A. concentric lamellae
B. canaliculi
C. periosteum
D. interstitial lamellae

back 14

B. canaliculi

front 15

Spongy bone contains all of the following, EXCEPT __________.

A. collagen fibers
B. true osteons
C. hydroxyapatite
D. trabeculae

back 15

B. true osteons

front 16

The bones in the long axis of the body make up the __________.

A. long bones
B. axial skeleton
C. appendicular skeleton
D. trabeculae

back 16

B. axial skeleton

front 17

Which of the following is a canal-like passageway?

A. line
B. tubercle
C. meatus
D. fossa

back 17

C. meatus

front 18

Which of the following characteristics of skeletal cartilage limits its thickness?
A. It's avascular and receives most of its
nourishment from the perichondrium that
surrounds it.
B. It is resilient.
C. It has a girdle of perichondrium that resists
outward expansion when it is compressed.
D. It is primarily composed of water.

back 18

A. It's avascular and receives most of its
nourishment from the perichondrium that
surrounds it.

front 19

The menisci of the knee are made of __________.

A. fibrocartilage
B. hyaline cartilage
C. dense connective tissue similar to ligaments
and tendons
D. elastic connective tissue

back 19

A. fibrocartilage

front 20

Which of the following statements best describes interstitial growth of cartilage?

A. Cartilage-forming cells divide and secrete new
matrix on the external surface of the cartilage.
B. Cells in the perichondrium differentiate into
chondroblasts.
C. Chondrocytes divide and secrete new matrix from
within the cartilage.
D. It grows from the outside.

back 20

C. Chondrocytes divide and secrete new matrix from
within the cartilage.

front 21

__________ bones act to alter the direction of tendon pull.

A. Long
B. Flat
C. Sesamoid
D. Short

back 21

C. Sesamoid

front 22

All of the following are stored in the matrix of bones, EXCEPT __________.

A. insulin-like growth factor
B. transforming growth factor
C. vitamin D
D. calcium

back 22

C. vitamin D

front 23

A narrow, slitlike opening in a bone is referred to as a __________.

A. trochanter
B. fissure
C. crest
D. spine

back 23

B. fissure

front 24

Which of the following structures anchors the periosteum to the underlying bone?

A. yellow bone marrow
B. a nutrient foramen
C. perforating fibers
D. diploë

back 24

C. perforating fibers

front 25

Which of the following sites is the site where bone marrow is routinely sampled in an adult?

A. the diploë of the skull bones
B. the diaphysis of long bones
C. the sternum
D. the head of the humerus

back 25

C. the sternum

front 26

Bone-forming cells originate from __________.

A. osteoblasts
B. osteocytes
C. osteoclasts
D. osteoprogenitor cells

back 26

D. osteoprogenitor cells

front 27

The twisting of a long bone is prevented by which of the following?

A. Volkmann's canals
B. Sharpey's fibers
C. lacunae
D. circumferential lamellae

back 27

D. circumferential lamellae

front 28

Hydroxyapatite in bone matrix that gives bone its hardness is primarily composed of __________.

A. calcium and osteoclasts
B. calcium and phosphates
C. calcium and vitamin D
D. calcium and osteocytes

back 28

B. calcium and phosphates

front 29

Before eight weeks, the skeleton of the human embryo is composed of __________.

A. fibrous membrane.
B. compact bone
C. spongy bone
D. lamellar bone

back 29

A. fibrous membrane.

front 30

If a breastfeeding mother becomes vitamin D deficient, what disease is most likely to develop in the nursing infant?

A. rickets
B. osteoporosis
C. dwarfism
D. Paget's disease

back 30

A. rickets

front 31

Osteomyelitis is a condition that produces a reduction in bone mass sufficient to compromise normal function.

True or False

back 31

False

front 32

Collagen in the bone matrix provides flexible strength.

True or False

back 32

True

front 33

Endochondral ossification begins with the formation of a calcified model.

True or False

back 33

False

front 34

Excess growth hormone prior to puberty would result in gigantism.

True or False

back 34

True

front 35

Mature bone cells are called chondrocytes.

True or False

back 35

False

front 36

Parathyroid hormone stimulates osteoblast activity.

True or False

back 36

False

front 37

Scapulae are formed by intramembranous ossification.

True or False

back 37

False

front 38

Secondary ossification centers occur in the center of the diaphysis.

True or False

back 38

False

front 39

The central canal of an osteon contains osteocytes.

True or False

back 39

False

front 40

The hormone calcitonin may function to decrease the calcium ion in the blood.

True or False

back 40

True

front 41

The presence of an epiphyseal line indicates that long bone growth is still in process.

True or False

back 41

False

front 42

The shaft of the long bone is called the diaphysis.

True or False

back 42

True

front 43

Vitamin D is necessary for the formation of the organic framework of bone.

True or False

back 43

False

front 44

Osseous tissue is avascular.

True or False

back 44

False

front 45

Appositional growth in a skeletal cartilage will increase its overall length.

True or False

back 45

False

front 46

A metacarpal is an example of a long bone.

True or False

back 46

True

front 47

An increase in parathyroid hormone can cause bones to become porous and brittle.

True or False

back 47

True

front 48

Increasing the percentage of collagen in a bone would make it become more rigid.

True or False

back 48

False

front 49

A bone that is imbedded in a ligament or tendon is a short bone.

True or False

back 49

True

front 50

Spongy bone in flat bones is called diploë.

True or False

back 50

True