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Chapter 25 & 26 - The Urinary System and Fluids, Electrolytes and Acid-Base Balances

front 1

The hormone that is important in the regulation of sodium ion concentrations in the extracellular fluid ?

back 1

ALDOSTERONE

front 2

Respiratory acidosis can occur when:

back 2

A PERSON'S BREATHING IS SHALLOW DUE TO OBSTRUCTION

front 3

Describe the distribution of sodium and potassium between cells and body fluids ?

back 3

K+ MAINLY IN THE CELLS, NA+ IN THE BODY FLUIDS

front 4

A falling blood Ph and a rising partial pressure of carbon dioxide due to pneumonia or emphysema indicates:

back 4

RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS

front 5

The movement of fluids between cellular compartments:

back 5

IS REGULATED BY OSMOTIC AND HYDROSTATIC FORCES

front 6

Chemical buffering systems of the body may include:

back 6

PHOSPHATE

front 7

The hormone important in stimulating water conservation in the kidneys ?

back 7

ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE

front 8

The total body water is divided into intracellular and extracellular fluids, plasma is considered to be which ?

back 8

EXTRACELLULAR

front 9

A patient is breathing slowly and blood pH analysis indicates an abnormally high value. What is the likely diagnosis ?

back 9

METABOLIC ACIDOSIS

front 10

One of the major physiological factors that trigger thirst is what ?

back 10

RISE IN PLASMA OSMOLARITY

front 11

What is the most important force causing net water flow across capillary walls ?

back 11

HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE OF CAPILLARY BLOOD

front 12

What does not depend on the presence of electrolytes ?

back 12

AMOUNT OF BODY FAT

front 13

Urine passes through what ?

back 13

PELVIS OF THE KIDNEY TO URETER TO BLADDER TO URETHRA

front 14

The kidneys are stimulated to produce renin:

back 14

BY A DECREASE IN THE BLOOD PRESSURE

front 15

The descending limb of the loop of Henle:

back 15

CONTAINS FLUID THAT BECOMES MORE CONCENTRATED AS IT MOVES DOWN INTO THE MEDULLA

front 16

The fatty tissue surrounding the kidneys is important because:

back 16

IT STABILIZES THE POSITION OF THE KIDNEYS BY HOLDING THEM IN THEIR NORMAL POSITION

front 17

The functional and structural unit of the kidneys is:

back 17

THE NEPHRON

front 18

The juxtaglomerular apparatus is responsible for:

back 18

REGULATING THE RATE OF FILTRATE FORMATION AND CONTROLLING SYSTEMIC BLOOD PRESSURE

front 19

The mechanism of water reabsorption by the renal tubules is:

back 19

OSMOSIS

front 20

Most electrolyte reabsorption by the renal tubules:

back 20

IS HORMONALLY CONTROLLED IN DISTAL TUBULE SEGMENTS

front 21

The mascula densa cells respond to:

back 21

CHANGE IN SOLUTE CONTENT OF THE FILTRATE

front 22

The fluid in the glomerular (Bowman's) capsule is similar to plasma except that it does not contain a significant amount of:

back 22

PLASMA PROTEIN

front 23

Alcohol acts as a diuretic because it:

back 23

INHIBITS THE RELEASE OF ADH

front 24

What would happen if the capsular hydrostatic pressure were increased above normal ?

back 24

NET FILTRATION WOULD DECREASE

front 25

Tubular reabsorption:

back 25

BY ACTIVE MECHANISMS USUALLY INVOLVES MOVEMENT AGAINST AN ELECTRICAL AND/OR CHEMICAL GRADIENT

front 26

If the Tm for a particular amino acid is 120 mg/100ml and the concentration of that amino acid in the blood is 230 mg/100 ml, the amino acid:

back 26

WILL APPEAR IN THE URINE

front 27

If one says that the renal clearance value of glucose is zero, what does that mean ?

back 27

NORMALLY ALL THE GLUCOSE IS REABSORBED

front 28

Which statement is correct ?

back 28

REABSORPTION OF WATER IS HORMONALLY CONTROLLED

front 29

A patient is infused with inulin at a rate to maintain a blood plasma concentration of 0.1 mg/mL. Their urine volume produced is 1.0 mL per minute, and the urine concentration of inulin is 12 mg/mL. What is their renal clearance for inulin ? What does this tell you ?

back 29

THEIR RENAL CLEARANCE FOR INULIN IS 120 ML/MIN (12*1.0/0.1)
THIS TELLS ME THEY HAVE A NORMAL RATE OF GFR AND FILTRATION IS NORMAL.

front 30

The atomic weight of calcium is 40. How many mEq/L would be in a solution that contained 200 mg/L ?

back 30

10 mEq/L WOULD BE IN A SOLUTION THAT CONTAINED 200 MG/L

front 31

What does the following symbol stand for HCO3 ?

back 31

IT STANDS FOR HYDROGEN CARBONATE

front 32

What does the following symbol stand for HPO42- ?

back 32

IT STANDS FOR HYDROGEN PHOSPHATE