front 1 Food | back 1 Medically any substance that the body can take in and assimilate that will enable it to stay alive and to grow; the carrier of nourishment; socially a more limited number of such substances defined as acceptable by each culture. |
front 2 Nutrition | back 2 The study of the nutrients in foods and in the body; sometimes also the study of human behaviors related to food. |
front 3 Diet | back 3 The foods (including beverages) a person usually eats and drinks |
front 4 Nutrients | back 4 components of food that are indispensable to the body's functioning. They provide energy, serve as building material, help maintain or repair body parts, and support growth. The nutrients include water, carbohydrate, fat, protein, vitamins and minerals. |
front 5 What are the six types of nutrients the body requires? | back 5 water, carbohydrate, protein, vitamins, minerals, fats |
front 6 Which 4 of the six nutrients are organic, meaning that they contain the element carbon derived from living things? | back 6 Carbohydrate, Protein, Fat, Vitamins |
front 7 Which 3 nutrients are energy-yielding? | back 7 Carbohydrate, Fat, and Protein |
front 8 Alcohol yields energy but is not a nutrient. It is a... | back 8 Toxin |
front 9 Do vitamins and minerals provide energy to the body? | back 9 No |
front 10 Vitamins and minerals act as ? in the body?
| back 10 Regulators, meaning they assist in all body processes: digesting food; moving muscles, disposing of wastes; growing new tissues, healing wounds; obtaining energy from carbohydrate, fat and protein; and participating in every other process necessary to maintain life. |
front 11 What is the unit of weight that scientists use to measure food quantity? | back 11 grams |
front 12 What are essential nutrients? | back 12 Essential nutrients are nutrients that if you don't ingest, you will develop deficiencies. The body cannot make these nutrients for itself. |
front 13 Essential nutrients are found in which types of nutrients? | back 13 They are found in all six classes of nutrients. |
front 14 Energy in food is measured in? | back 14 kilocalories, units of heat. This word uses the common word calories to mean the same thing. |
front 15 What are elemental diets? Who takes them? | back 15 liquid diets with a precise chemical composition that are lifesaving for people in the hospital who cannot eat ordinary food. Administered to the severely ill |
front 16 Do formula diets enable people to thrive over long periods? | back 16 No. They are only essential to help sick people to survive. They do not support optimal growth and health. |
front 17 Foods contain phytochemicals. What are they? | back 17 Compounds that confer color, taste, and other characteristics to foods. Some may be bioactive food components that interact with metabolic processes in the body and may affect disease.
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front 18 What are whole foods? | back 18 Foods that have been arounds for a long time, such as vegetables, fruits, meats, milk and grains. These foods have been called basic, unprocessed, natural or farm foods. |
front 19 On a given day, almost how much our our population doesn't consume enough vegetables and how much fail to consume enough fruits? | back 19 Vegetables: 3/4ths
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front 20 What are functional foods? | back 20 Whole or modified foods that contain bioactive food components believed to provide health benefits, such as reduced disease risks beyond the benefits that their nutrients confer. |
front 21 What are enriched and fortified foods? | back 21 These are foods to which nutrients have been added. |
front 22 What are staple foods? | back 22 Foods used frequently or daily, for example, rice or potatoes. |
front 23 What are medical foods? | back 23 Foods specially manufactured for use by people with medical disorders and prescribed by a physician. |
front 24 Define nutraceutical: | back 24 a term that has no legal or scientific meaning but is sometimes used to refer to foods, nutrients or dietary supplements believed to have medicinal effects. Often used to sell unnecessary or unproven supplements. |
front 25 What are natural foods? | back 25 a term that has no legal definition but is often used to imply wholesomeness. |
front 26 What are organic foods? | back 26 Understood to mean foods grown without synthetic pesticides or fertilizers. |
front 27 What are processed foods? | back 27 Foods subjected to any process, such as milling, alteration of texture, addition of additives, cooking or others. Depending on the starting material and the process, a processed food may or may not be nutritious. |
front 28 Define Adequacy | back 28 the dietary characteristic of providing all of the essential nutrients, fiber and energy in amounts sufficient to maintain health and body weight. |
front 29 Define Balance | back 29 the dietary characteristic of providing foods of a number of types in proportion to each other, such that foods rich in some nutrients do not crowd out the diet foods that are rich in other nutrients. |
front 30 Balance is also called... | back 30 Proportionality |
front 31 What is calorie control? | back 31 Control of energy intake; a feature of a sound diet plan. |
front 32 Define Variety | back 32 the dietary characteristic of providing a wide selection of foods. |
front 33 Define moderation: | back 33 the dietary characteristic of providing constituents within set limits; not to excess. |
front 34 A nutritious diet has five characteristics. What are they? | back 34 Adequacy, balance, moderation, variety, calorie control |
front 35 A major guideline for healthy people is to keep fat intake below ? percent of total calories? | back 35 35% |
front 36 What is a controlled clinical trial? | back 36 a research study design that often reveals the effects of a treatment in human beings. Health outcomes and observed in group of people who receive the treatment and are then compared with outcomes in a control group of similar people who received a placebo. Ideally neither subjects nor researchers know who receives the treatment and who gets the placebo. |
front 37 What is a double bind study? | back 37 a study in which neither the subjects nor the researchers know who receives the treatment and who gets a placebo. |
front 38 What is a blind experiment? | back 38 An experiment in which the subjects do not know whether they are members of the experimental group or the control group. |
front 39 What is a correlation? | back 39 the simultaneous change of two factors such as the increase of weight with increasing height (a direct or positive correlation) or the decrease of cancer incidence with increasing fiber intake (an inverse or negative correlation.) A correlation between two factors suggests that one may cause the other but does not rule out the possibility that both may be caused by chance or by a third factor. |
front 40 What is an intervention study? | back 40 Studies of populations in which observation is accompanied by experimental manipulation of some population members--for example a study in which half of the subjects (the experimental subjects) follow diet advice to reduce fat intakes while the other half (the control subjects) do not, and both groups' heart health is monitored. |
front 41 What are laboratory studies? | back 41 Studies that are performed under tightly controlled conditions and are designed to pinpoint causes and effects. Such studies often use animals as subjects. |
front 42 What is NHANES? What two things does it do? | back 42 The national Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, a nationwide project that gathers information from a nationally representative sample of people using diet histories, physical examinations and measurements and laboratory tests. NHANES asks people what they have eaten and records measures of their health status. |
front 43 What are the six stages of behavior change? Explain each. | back 43 1. Precontemplation- not considering a change, have no intention of changing, see no problems with current behavior
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front 44 What are the three obstacles to changing behavior? Which is the most easily corrected? Which is hardest to change? | back 44 1. Competence- most easily corrected, not knowing how to eat healthy, missing knowledge
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