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  1. Print the notecards
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  1. Verify Front of pages is selected for Viewing and print the front of the notecards
  2. Select Back of pages for Viewing and print the back of the notecards
    NOTE: Since the back of the pages are printed in reverse order (last page is printed first), keep the pages in the same order as they were after Step 1. Also, be sure to feed the pages in the same direction as you did in Step 1.
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To print: Ctrl+PPrint as a list

36 notecards = 9 pages (4 cards per page)

Viewing:

Respiratory

front 1

Name the 6 functions of the respiratory system

back 1

1) ventilation
2) regulation of blood pH
3) production of chemical mediators (ACE)
4) vocalization
5) olfaction
6) protection

front 2

What are the 3 types of respiration?

back 2

1) external (gas exchange between lungs and blood)
2) internal (gas exchange between blood and tissues)
3) cellular (chemical processes in the cell)

front 3

What parts form the upper respiratory tract?

back 3

nose, pharynx, external nares, nasal cavity, pharyngeal tonsil, nasopharynx, palatine tonsil, oropharynx, lingual tonsil, epiglottis

front 4

What parts form the lower respiratory tract?

back 4

larynx (thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage), trachea, primary bronchus, secondary bronchus, tertiary bronchus, bronchioles, alveoli

front 5

Where are chemoreceptors of the respiratory system located?

back 5

In the nose & inner nasal cavity

front 6

List the pathway of oxygen through the respiratory system

back 6

1) External nares 2) nasal cavity 3) oropharynx 4) laryngopharynx 5) larynx 6) trachea 7) primary bronchus 8) secondary bronchus 9) tertiary bronchus 10) bronchioles 11) terminal bronchiole 12) respiratory bronchiole 13) alveoli 14) erythrocyte

front 7

What type of cells are in the inner lining of the trachea?

back 7

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium (with goblet cells)

front 8

What divides the nasal cavity sagitally?

back 8

the nasal septum

front 9

What bones form the roof of the nasal cavity?

back 9

Ethmoid & sphenoid

front 10

What prevents liquid from going into the larynx?

back 10

Epiglottis

front 11

What type of cells make up the three regions of the pharynx?

back 11

1) nasopharynx- pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells.

2) oropharynx- stratified squamous epithelium

3) laryngopharynx- stratified squamous epithelium

front 12

True or false: the openings of the auditory tube (eustachian tube) are in the nasopharynx?

back 12

True!

front 13

True or false: the oropharynx is shared with the digestive system

back 13

True!

front 14

What are the three types of UNPAIRED cartilages in the larynx?

back 14

thyroid, cricoid, epiglottis (attached to thyroid)

front 15

What type of cartilage is the epiglottis made of?

back 15

Elastic cartilage

front 16

What are the three types of PAIRED cartilage in the larynx?

back 16

Arytenoids (attached to cricoid), corniculate (attached to arytenoids), cuneiform (contained in mucous membrane)

front 17

True or false: the false vocal cords are involved in sound production

back 17

False (the true vocal cords are involved in sound production)

front 18

What is opening of the vocal cords called?

back 18

The glottis

front 19

How many c-shaped hyaline cartilage rings are in the trachea?

back 19

15-20

front 20

The most inferior tracheal cartilage forms a ridge which separates the openings into the main bronchi. This is called the:

back 20

carina

front 21

The two primary bronchi meet to form the:

back 21

trachea

front 22

What does a tertiary bronchus divide in to?

back 22

Bronchioles

front 23

What structure in the lungs is the site of oxygen exchange with the blood stream?

back 23

alveoli

front 24

What are the three types of cells in respiratory membrane?

back 24

1) Type I pneumocytes (thin squamous epithelial)
2) Type II pneumocytes (round to cube-shaped secretory cells)
3) Dust cells (phagocytic- engulfs debris & bacteria)

front 25

What cells in the lungs are not mature in pre-term babies?

back 25

Type II pneumocytes- they are not mature enough to produce surfactant in pre-term babies

front 26

What are the parts of the lungs?

back 26

Base, apex, hilus, lobes

front 27

True or false: each lung has 3 lobes.

back 27

False- the right lung has 3 lobes, the left lung has 2 lobes

front 28

Name the fissures in the right lung

back 28

oblique fissure, horizontal fissure

front 29

Name the fissures in the left lung

back 29

oblique fissure (there is only one fissure since there are only two lobes in the left lung)

front 30

True false: the cardiac notch is located on the right lung

back 30

False: the cardiac notch is on the LEFT lung (this is thought to be why the left lung only has 2 lobes)

front 31

Name the muscles involved in INSPIRATION

back 31

Scalenes, pectoralis minor, external intercostals, diaphragm

front 32

Name the muscles involved in EXPIRATION

back 32

Internal intercostals, abdominal muscles

front 33

Which muscle in the PRIMARY muscle of inspiration?

back 33

The diaphragm

front 34

What is the region between the two pleural cavities?

back 34

The mediastinum

front 35

True or false: the mediastinum contains the contents of the thoracic except for the lungs

back 35

true

front 36

Which pleura is adherent to the lungs: visceral or parietal?

back 36

Visceral pleura