front 1 17th Amendment | back 1 Direct election of U.S. senators |
front 2 18th Amendment | back 2 Banned alcoholic beverages (Prohibition) |
front 3 19th Amendment | back 3 Gave women the right to vote |
front 4 20th Amendment | back 4 Set dates for presidential/congressional terms and line of succession |
front 5 21st Amendment | back 5 Repealed Prohibition |
front 6 22nd Amendment | back 6 Established presidential term limits |
front 7 Hull House | back 7 Settlement house founded by Jane Addams and Ellen Gates Starr in 1889 |
front 8 Carpetbaggers | back 8 Northerners who moved South after the Civil War during Reconstruction |
front 9 Andrew Johnson Impeachment | back 9 Impeached for violating the Tenure of Office Act by removing Edwin Stanton |
front 10 Tenure of Office Act | back 10 Law limiting the president's power to remove officials without Senate approval |
front 11 Tammany Hall | back 11 Democratic political machine in NYC controlled by Boss Tweed |
front 12 Civil Service Reform Act | back 12 Pendleton Act |
front 13 Pendleton Act | back 13 Required government jobs to be awarded based on merit |
front 14 Populist Party | back 14 Third-party movement of the 1890s supported mainly by farmers |
front 15 Homestead Strike (1892) | back 15 Major labor strike involving steel workers |
front 16 Captains of Industry | back 16 Vanderbilt-railroads, Carnegie-steel, Rockefeller-oil, J.P. Morgan-banking, Edison-electricity |
front 17 Samuel Gompers | back 17 Leader of the American Federation of Labor (AFL) |
front 18 Haymarket Riot | back 18 Violent labor protest in Chicago |
front 19 Oliver Hudson Kelley | back 19 Founder of the National Grange |
front 20 Sanford B. Dole | back 20 First president of Hawaii |
front 21 John Hay | back 21 Created the Open Door Policy |
front 22 Insular Cases | back 22 Ruled that territories do not automatically receive constitutional rights |
front 23 Boxer Rebellion | back 23 Chinese uprising against foreign influence in 1900 |
front 24 Open Door Policy | back 24 Equal trading rights for all nations in China |
front 25 Roosevelt Corollary | back 25 U.S. can intervene in Latin America to protect interests |
front 26 Gentlemen's Agreement | back 26 1907 agreement limiting Japanese immigration |
front 27 Dollar Diplomacy | back 27 Taft's policy of increasing influence through investments |
front 28 Hawley-Smoot Tariff | back 28 Highest tariff in U.S. history |
front 29 Central Powers | back 29 Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire |
front 30 Reasons U.S. Entered WWI | back 30 Zimmerman Note, unrestricted submarine warfare, Lusitania, Allied debt |
front 31 Big Four | back 31 Wilson (USA), Lloyd George (Britain), Orlando (Italy), Clemenceau (France) |
front 32 Treaty of Versailles | back 32 Treaty that ended WWI |
front 33 Russo-Japanese War | back 33 Conflict negotiated by Theodore Roosevelt |
front 34 Immigration Laws of the 1920s | back 34 Restricted Southern and Eastern European immigrants |
front 35 KKK Opposed | back 35 Blacks, immigrants, Catholics, Jews |
front 36 Teapot Dome Scandal | back 36 Harding administration bribery scandal involving oil reserves |
front 37 McNary-Haugen Bill | back 37 Plan to help farmers by raising farm prices |
front 38 Dawes Plan | back 38 U.S. loans to Germany so Germany could pay war debts |
front 39 Black Tuesday | back 39 Stock market crash on October 29, 1929 |
front 40 Bonus Army | back 40 WWI veterans who marched for bonus payments |
front 41 FDIC | back 41 Insures bank deposits |
front 42 Japanese Internment | back 42 Forced relocation of Japanese Americans into camps during WWII |
front 43 Native Americans in WWII | back 43 Served as Code Talkers using Native languages |
front 44 Eisenhower in WWII | back 44 Supreme Allied Commander in Europe |
front 45 Turning Point of WWII (Pacific) | back 45 Battle of Midway |
front 46 Turning Point of WWII (Europe) | back 46 Battle of Stalingrad |
front 47 Manhattan Project | back 47 Secret project that developed the atomic bomb |
front 48 GI Bill of Rights | back 48 Benefits for WWII veterans including education and housing |
front 49 Berlin Airlift | back 49 Supplied West Berlin during Soviet blockade |
front 50 Marshall Plan | back 50 U.S. economic aid to rebuild Europe after WWII |
front 51 J. Robert Oppenheimer | back 51 Physicist who helped develop the atomic bomb |
front 52 John T. Scopes | back 52 Arrested for teaching evolution |
front 53 Cross of Gold Speech | back 53 Delivered by William Jennings Bryan |
front 54 Redeemers | back 54 Southern Democrats who regained control after Reconstruction |
front 55 Seward's Folly | back 55 Purchase of Alaska from Russia in 1867 |
front 56 Confederates After Civil War | back 56 Pardoned by Andrew Johnson |
front 57 Southern Economy After Civil War | back 57 Crippled and devastated |
front 58 Freed Blacks After Civil War | back 58 Faced resistance from KKK, plantation owners, and Democrats |
front 59 Exodusters | back 59 African Americans who migrated to Kansas after Reconstruction |
front 60 Freedmen's Bureau | back 60 Helped former slaves with food, shelter, education, and jobs |
front 61 Wade-Davis Bill | back 61 Radical Republican Reconstruction plan stricter than Lincoln's |
front 62 Black Codes | back 62 Laws restricting African Americans' rights in the South |
front 63 Examples of Black Codes | back 63 Limits on voting, jobs, movement, and legal rights |
front 64 Grant's Weaknesses | back 64 Loyalty to friends, poor judgment, little political experience, alcohol |
front 65 Bloody Shirt | back 65 Using Civil War memories to gain political support |
front 66 Credit Mobilier | back 66 Railroad scandal involving fake contracts and stock manipulation |
front 67 Panic of 1873 | back 67 Economic depression caused by overexpansion of railroads and industry |
front 68 Patronage | back 68 Giving jobs in exchange for political support |
front 69 Compromise of 1877 | back 69 Ended Reconstruction by removing troops from the South |
front 70 Plessy v. Ferguson | back 70 Established "separate but equal" |
front 71 Separate but Equal | back 71 Segregation ruled constitutional |
front 72 Jim Crow Laws | back 72 Laws enforcing racial segregation |
front 73 Chinese Exclusion Act | back 73 Law restricting Chinese immigration |
front 74 Urbanization | back 74 Growth of cities due to industrialization |
front 75 Consumerism | back 75 Increased buying of goods; symbolized by department stores |
front 76 New Immigrants | back 76 Mainly from Southern and Eastern Europe |
front 77 Most Harshly Treated Immigrants | back 77 Chinese and Irish |
front 78 Birds of Passage | back 78 Immigrants who came temporarily to earn money |
front 79 Old Immigrants | back 79 Immigrants from Northern and Western Europe |
front 80 Political Machines and Immigrants | back 80 Provided jobs and services for votes |
front 81 Jobs for Women in the 1890s | back 81 Mainly city and clerical jobs |
front 82 Social Darwinism | back 82 Applied "survival of the fittest" to business and society |
front 83 Alfred T. Mahan | back 83 Argued sea power leads to world power |
front 84 Overthrow of Hawaii | back 84 American business interests and annexation efforts took control |
front 85 Cuban Insurrection | back 85 Cuban revolt against Spain |
front 86 McKinley's War Message | back 86 Triggered by yellow journalism, De Lome Letter, and USS Maine explosion |
front 87 Teller Amendment | back 87 Promised Cuba would be independent after the war |
front 88 Emilio Aguinaldo | back 88 Filipino leader who first aided and later fought the U.S. |
front 89 U.S. in Philippines | back 89 U.S. refused independence, leading to Filipino-American War |
front 90 U.S. in Puerto Rico | back 90 U.S. occupied Puerto Rico during Spanish-American War |
front 91 Progressive Movement | back 91 Reform movement addressing social, political, and economic issues |
front 92 Female Progressives | back 92 Women who worked for reforms and social justice |
front 93 Religious Groups During Progressivism | back 93 Supported social reform efforts |
front 94 Muckrakers | back 94 Journalists who exposed corruption and abuses |
front 95 Prohibition | back 95 Ban on alcohol |
front 96 Muller v. Oregon | back 96 Upheld special workplace protections for women |
front 97 Long-Term Causes of WWI | back 97 Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism |
front 98 Militarism | back 98 Building up military strength |
front 99 Alliances | back 99 Agreements between nations for mutual support |
front 100 Imperialism | back 100 Expansion of empires and control of territories |
front 101 Nationalism | back 101 Strong loyalty to one's nation |
front 102 Short-Term Causes of WWI | back 102 Balkan tensions and assassination of Franz Ferdinand |
front 103 Powder Keg of Europe | back 103 Balkan Peninsula |
front 104 Austria-Hungary Annexed Bosnia | back 104 1908 |
front 105 Russia's Goal in Balkans | back 105 Access to the Mediterranean Sea |
front 106 Archduke Franz Ferdinand | back 106 Assassinated in Sarajevo on June 28, 1914 |
front 107 Black Hand | back 107 Serbian secret organization linked to assassination |
front 108 Gavrilo Princip | back 108 Assassin of Franz Ferdinand |