Morphology

Rules governing internal word order; the study of forms of words

Phonology

Rules governing the combination of individual speech sounds

Syntax

Rules governing sentence structure (grammar)

Semantics

Refers to meaning

If I were teaching a 6 year old the rules of how to take turns in a conversation, I would be working on what dimension of language?

Semantics

Pragmatics

Syntax

Phonology

Pragmatics

To practice as a speech language pathologist independently, in all capacities without the need for a supervisor and have your CCCs from ASHA, you must have a master's degree. True or False?

True

Which of the following settings were discussed in lecture as options for work settings? (choose all that apply)

School

Corporations

Home Health Agencies

Hospitals

COMMUNICATION

What is communication?
– An exchange of meaning between a sender and a receiver.
– The primary means through which people exchange thoughts &
ideas, express feelings, pass on traditions, conduct business,
teach, and learn, etc.
– “ the transmission of thoughts and feelings from the mind of a
speaker to the mind of a listener” (Borden, Harris & Raphael,
1994).
– Can be intentional or unintentional.

MODEL OF COMMUNICATION

model of communication from justice in 2009. communication entails a receiver and sender. the sender is the one that formulates the message and that requires language. and then also after formulating the message, the sender then transmits that message, and the receiver on the other end has to be able to receive the message. and in order to receive that message, it has to be in a modality that the receiver is able to receive it. for instance if both the sender and receiver are able to use spoken language, then speech could be the modality, but if the sender's sends spoken language message and the receiver is not equipped to receive that or prefers sign language. then there would be a breakdown in communication. so from that angle then there has to be a shared means or a shared modality or a shared mode of communication and there could be varied number of modalities including spoken language or speech, signed language, writing, gesturing. another important piece of this model of communication is the feedback. so oftentimes the receiver can provide the feedback or the sender can sende whether the message is being communicated in an effective manner and can readjust or resend the message based on the feedback

Communication four pieces

important aspects of communication which is formulation. formulation requires thought which requires language. so knowledge if language is important in order to firmulate a massage and then in order to transmit, the person needs to have some means to transmit that whether its speech, sign, writing or gesturing and each of that, those aspects have a place. we sometimes might just need to write, sometimes we may need to gesture.

transmission entails different modes of communication depending on the situation. and then the reception requires our sensitive system to be functioning well. it could either be hearing, it could be vision and if theres a breakdown in the system, then that could hamper communication.

lastly comprehension requires language. the person who received the information not only needs to receive it through the sensory system well, but they also need to have the language in order to comprehend the message

Speech

speech is the oral production of sounds, sound patterns and intonation of a language. speech can be looked in terms of different aspects so at the outset, you can look at it in terms of a segmental vs super segmental aspects of speech. so segmental aspects of speech refernce to vowels and consonants cuz if you think about a speech, its noting bad, were speaking vowels and consonats. caz if you think about a speech. its nothing bad, were speaking vowels and consonants just combination of those. however, it also is over laid with what we call the super segmental aspects of speech which could be the different presiding aspects of speech intonation, stress, rhythm all of that. so speech can be construed as segmental and supersegmental aspects of speech. but in order to produce speech, it rrequires coordination among various subsystems. and those are respiratory system which is the source that provides the air which is required to produce voice by the laryngeal system. once the voices is produced then it has to resonate in the oral, nasal and in differential which is the throat area in these cavities. it needs to resonate and then we require the articulators, the lips, the tongue, the mandible, the soft palate, heard palate. all of these are structures that help in making those sounds along with the air, along with the voice,along with the resonance. and then you move your articulator is in order to produce speech. sonif there is a breakdown in any of these subsystems. there will be a speech impairment

Building blocks of normal speech

 Breath stream
 Voice
 Articulation / Resonance
 Fluency

So therefore the building blocks of normal speech are breath stream, voice articulation, resonance. Most importantly whatever you communicate, it also needs to be a fluent. Massage that could be a breakdown if your message is not fluent.

Speech

Food for thought / Research
 How do we go from a “thought” to “actual speech”?

Language

• A code that consists of a set of symbols and the knowledge
about how to combine those symbols into words, sentences and
texts in order to convey ideas, thoughts, feelings, etc.
• Allows for a finite set of symbols to convey and infinite number
of messages.
– Linguistic system
– Central Nervous system

language is nothing but a code that consists of a set of symbols and knowledge about how to combine these symbols into words, sentences and texts in order to convey our thoughts, feelings and ideas. think about language as creating infinite number of messages with the help of a finite set of symbols

Five dimensions or aspects of language

Semantics: Refers to meaning.
 Syntax: Rules governing sentence structure.
 Morphology: Rules governing internal word order
 Phonology: Rules governing the combination of individual
speech sounds
 Pragmatics : Set of rules for language use

Semantics:

Refers to meaning

Syntax:

Rules governing sentence structure

Morphology:

Rules governing internal word order

Phonology:

Rules governing the combination of individual
speech sounds

Pragmatics :

Set of rules for language use

Language domains

 The below three domains are used to describe the five
dimensions of language
1. FORM: How sounds and words are arranged to convey the
meaning.
2. CONTENT: Meaning of language
3. USE: How language is used for personal and social needs

FORM:

How sounds and words are arranged to convey the
meaning

CONTENT:

Meaning of language

USE:

How language is used for personal and social needs

Content
 (semantics)
Form
 (phonology,
morphology & syntax)
Use
 (Pragmatics)

content refers to the what of language. and so what falls under that is semantics, lexicon meaning. the form refers to the how of the language. phonology, morphology and syntax form. lastly, the user refers the why of language and pragmatics fits into use aspect

Content the "what" of the language

Semantics – Meaning; the relationship of language form to
objects, events, & relationships

The lexicon – The inventory of words and their meanings.
 example: “The red ball went up” or
“The red balloon went up”

Semantics

Meaning; the relationship of language form to
objects, events, & relationships

 The lexicon

The inventory of words and their meanings.
 example: “The red ball went up” or
“The red balloon went up”

Form the "how" of a language

Syntax - rules governing sentence structure
 word order
 relationships between word classes
 relationships between phrases and clauses
 Sentence types (e.g., imperative, declarative, interro

Form the "how" of a language

 Syntax provides structure and organization to language.
 Without syntax, we would just have grouping of words that had
ambiguous meanings.
 At dog the a store buy Peter
 Peter bought a dog at the store.
 Syntax allows for consistent interpretation. Consider these 2 active
sentences.
 1) The dog chased the wolf.
 2) The wolf chased the dog.
 The dog was chased by the wo

Morphology

rules governing internal word order

Morpheme

smallest unit of meaning

Free

A unit that has meaning in and of itself, i.e., a word
(e.g., cat, kid, check, transport, wrap, is, the.)

Bound

A unit that has meaning when attached to another
unit, i.e., affixes. (e.g., cats, kid’s, recheck, transportation,
unwrap)
e.g. Un self ish
Bound free bound

Phonology

rules governing the combination of individual
speech sounds

Phonemes

smallest unit of speech that can lead to differences in
meaning
 /pat/ versus /bat/

USE the "Why" of language

Pragmatics

set of rules for language use

Organize language

Organize language
 turn-taking
 starting, maintaining, & ending both a conversation and a topic with the
conversation
 making relevant comments

Repair communication breakdowns
 Role

Establish & maintain a role
 Code switching

Govern speech acts
 Requests, Comments, Questions, etc.

Requests, Comments, Questions, etc.

Composts of language

 Language Function
 Language Meaning (Content)
 Language Form
 All three domains are important.
 People with communication disorders can have problems in
form, meaning, or function, and very importantly, the
connections between these areas.
 As SLPs and Deaf educators, we need under

Our profession

 The professions of communication sciences and disorders and
Audiology are clinical/applied in nature.
 It is critical to understand that being an SLP or an Audiologist
or teacher of the Deaf requires foundational scientific
knowledge.

scope of our profession, which we will limit in this particular course to speech language pathology, audiology and education for the deaf, we will be discussing not only the clinical aspects but will also be discussing some scientific aspects. because its critical for us to understand that being a educatir of deaf or slp or audiologist requires some foundational scientific knowledge.

Significant foundation of communication disorders

Speech Science
 Anatomy & Physiology
 Acoustics
 Phonetics
 Hearing Science
 Anatomy & Physiology
 Acoustics
 Language Science
 Linguistics
 Psycholinguistics
 Anatomy & Physiology

so we will be in this course as well as some other courses. we will se some of these recurring thems that pertain to scientific foundations of communication disorders. and it could be in the form of speech science where youre discussing anatomy and physiology, acoustics or fanatics. or it could be in the area of hearing scuence again where we will. discuss definitely discuss anatomy, physiology and acoustics, or it could be language science. and you will you be learning about linguistics, psycholinguistics and again anatomy and physiology pertaining to language. beyond these foundations of scientific foundations of communication disorders.

Speech Science


 Anatomy & Physiology
 Acoustics
 Phonetics

Hearing Science


Anatomy & Physiology
 Acoustics

Language Science


Linguistics
 Psycholinguistics
 Anatomy & Physiology

Communication disorder areas of study

you will be introduced to in this particular course. the varous communication disorders. and each of the modules, modules two, three, four and five will refer to these areas of communication disorders, which are language disorders, speech disorders, hearing disorders as well as feeding and swallowing disoders. we will discuss all of these disorders as it pertains to the pediatrics as well as aduits and judeo tricks.

Language disorders

Child language disorders
Adult language disorders (aphasia)
Reading disabilities

Speech disorders

Articulation and phonological disorders
Fluency disorders
Voice disorders
Motor speech disoders

Hearing loss

Sensorineural hearing loss
Conductive hearing loss
Auditory processing disorders

Feeding and swallowing disorders

Pediatric feeding and swallowing problems
Adult dysphagia

Governing bodies

 ASHA
 AAA
 CED

SLP/AUD professionals

American Speech Language Hearing Association
• Market Trends: https://www.asha.org/Careers/Market-
Trends/#market
• 211,000 - ASHA members
• 181,628 are certified speech-language pathologists (SLP)
• 13,610 are certified audiologists (AuD)
• 785 SLP/A (Dual certification)
• A small % are employed in the academia

according to the American speech language and hearing association, here are over 200,000 plus professionals ot of which there are 181, 628 are certified speech language pathologist and about roughly over 13,000 certified audiologists. and then there are about 785 duly certified professionals who are both cardiologist and speech language pathologist. and then if you go further into people that are academic, that is even a small number. although there are 211,000 asha members who are serving people with communication disorders, there is a shortage in our field and were so

Setting

• Public and Private Schools
• Hospitals
• Rehabilitation Facilities
• Home health agencies
• Community and University Clinics
• Private practices
• State agencies
• Universities
• Corporations
• TELEPRACTICE

Inter-profssional practice

Special educators
 Teachers of the Deaf
 Occupational therapists
 Neurologists
 Physical therapists
 Otorhinolaryngologists (ENT)
 Pediatricians
 Psychologists
 Oncologist
 Radiologist
 …… and others