front 1 Which transcription factor helps to activate genes needed for cell division? | back 1 Egr |
front 2 Which of the traits below is characteristic of the classical nuclear localization signals? | back 2 possession of one or two short stretches of positively charged amino acids |
front 3 Evidence suggests that _____ of ______ from nucleosomes in the wake of an elongating RNA polymerase prevents the inappropriate __________ within the internal coding region of a gene. | back 3 removal, acetyl groups, initiation of transcription |
front 4 The combination of a basic stretch of amino acids and a leucine zipper is known as a(n) _____ motif. | back 4 bZip |
front 5 Which is not an example of an epigenetic phenomenon? | back 5 sequence of distal promoter elements |
front 6 What kinds of proteins are usually recognized by the cap of a proteasome? | back 6 polyubiquitinated proteins |
front 7 _________ are DNA unwinding enzymes that unwind the DNA in a reaction using the energy from ________ to move along one of the DNA strands, breaking the _______ holding the two strands together. | back 7 DNA helicases, ATP hydrolysis, H bonds |
front 8 Which of the following is not a general description of the gene expression regulation mechanisms that operate in eukaryotic organisms? | back 8 replication-level controls |
front 9 What domain of a transcription factor is responsible for recognizing and associating with specific DNA base pair sequences? | back 9 the DNA-binding domain |
front 10 As replication proceeds, the lagging strand template of the DNA is looped back on itself so that it has the same orientation as the leading strand template; the looping DNA repeatedly grows and shortens during lagging strand replication. This model is often referred to as the _________. | back 10 trombone model |
front 11 How short must the poly(A) tail get to cause the mRNA to be degraded rapidly? | back 11 about 30 adenosine residues |
front 12 The lac operon is an example of a(n) _______ operon. | back 12 inducible |
front 13 The DNA strand growing toward the replication fork grows ______ in a 5'—>3' direction as the replication fork advances and is called the ________. | back 13 continuously, leading strand |
front 14 Which DNA repair mechanism recognizes a distortion in double helix geometry caused by DNA polymerase's insertion of an incorrect nucleotide during replication, one that escaped the enzyme's proofreading exonuclease? | back 14 mismatch repair |
front 15 What domain of a transcription factor is responsible for recognizing and associating with specific DNA base pair sequences? | back 15 the DNA-binding domain |
front 16 What must the mismatch repair system be able to distinguish in order to tell which nucleotide of a mismatched pair to replace? | back 16 It must be able to distinguish the newly-made strand from the parental strand. |
front 17 Which type of molecule binds at the core promoter sites in association with RNA polymerase? | back 17 general transcription factors |
front 18 What extends from the termination codon at the end of an mRNA coding region to the end of the poly(A) tail? | back 18 the 3' UTR |
front 19 Each transcription factor usually has at least two domains that mediate different aspects of their function. What are they? | back 19 the DNA-binding domain and the activation domain |
front 20 Why does it appear that each origin can only be activated once per cell cycle? | back 20 Mcm proteins are displaced from the DNA after replication and cannot reassociate with a replication origin that has already fired. |
front 21 What is responsible for joining eukaryotic Okazaki fragments together? | back 21 DNA ligase |
front 22 What binds to the origin replication complex (ORC) to assemble the prereplication complex (pre-RC) that is competent to initiate replication? | back 22 licensing factors |
front 23 What technique was used in the discovery of the existence in eukaryotic cells of replicons, a discovery in which single DNA molecules were shown to be replicated simultaneously at several sites along their length? | back 23 autoradiography |
front 24 When present, the TATA, CAAT and GC boxes are typically found within 100 – 150 bp upstream from the transcription start site. Due to their closeness to the start of gene, they are often called ______. | back 24 proximal promoter elements |
front 25 Which level of control of gene expression is defined as determining if a particular gene can give rise to mRNA and, if so, how often? | back 25 transcriptional-level controls |
front 26 Which DNA polymerase in bacteria is mostly involved in DNA repair to correct damaged DNA sections and removes RNA primers at the 5' ends of Okazaki fragments, replacing them with DNA? | back 26 DNA polymerase I |
front 27 What evidence suggests that RNAi plays a role in heterochromatization? | back 27 Deletion of RNAi components impair both methylation of histone H3K9 and heterochromatization. |
front 28 What happens simultaneous with the removal of RNA primer by the 5'—>3' exonuclease activity of DNA polymerase I? | back 28 The gap left by the removal of the RNA primer is filled in with deoxyribonucleotides |
front 29 The specific site on the bacterial chromosome at which replication begins is called the ________. | back 29 origin |
front 30 The enzymes that remove acetyl groups from histones in the chromatin are ________. | back 30 histone deacetylases |
front 31 Which method of repair can be slower, less efficient and responsible for correcting DNA strands in the parts of the genome that are not being currently transcribed? | back 31 global genomic pathway of Nucleotide excision repair (NER) |
front 32 Evidence suggests that _____ of ______ from nucleosomes in the wake of an elongating RNA polymerase prevents the inappropriate __________ within the internal coding region of a gene. | back 32 removal, acetyl groups, initiation of transcription |
front 33 What type of replication results in the integrity of both parental strands being disrupted? The new duplex strands are made of both old and new DNA. Neither the parental strands nor the parental duplex is preserved. | back 33 dispersive replication |
front 34 Which of the following may be a further advantage of using RNA primers during initiation of a strand in replication? | back 34 Using primers may decrease mistakes; such errors as mismatched bases are more likely during initiation than elongation, and the use of a short, removable RNA segment avoids inclusion of mismatched bases. |
front 35 What strategy in transcription factor research allows the simultaneous monitoring of all sites in the genome that carry out a particular activity with the goal of identifying all of the sites bound by a given transcription factor under a given set of physiological conditions? | back 35 genome-wide location analysis |
front 36 The replication fork generates _______ supercoils in the _______ portion of the DNA molecule. | back 36 positive, unreplicated |
front 37 A transport receptor that moves macromolecules from the cytoplasm to the nucleus is called a(n) ____. | back 37 importin |
front 38 The RNA primers that initiate replication are subsequently _____ and the resulting gap in the strand is _______ DNA and then sealed by _______. | back 38 removed, filled in with, DNA ligase |