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59 notecards = 15 pages (4 cards per page)

Viewing:

Neuro Part 1

front 1

central nervous system (CNS)

back 1

brain and spinal cord

front 2

Everything outside the brain and spinal cord is part of the

back 2

peripheral nervous system (PNS)

front 3

The input side of the nervous system is

back 3

the sensory system

front 4

The output side of the nervous system

back 4

is the motor system

front 5

The somatic nervous system controls

back 5

<p data-start="700" data-end="721">Conscious control, Skeletal muscle, Voluntary movement</p> <br>

front 6

The autonomic nervous system controls

back 6

smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands

front 7

Two Branches of the autonomic nervous system:

parasympathetic system

back 7

Deals with resting body functioning

front 8

Two branches of the autonomic nervous system:

The sympathetic nervous system

back 8

controls fight or flight response system

front 9

Nervous Tissue

Neurooglia

back 9

specialized cells in the nervous system, these perform support functions

front 10

Four types of Neuroglia or glial cells:

Astrocytes

back 10

metabolic and structural support cells

front 11

Four types of Neuroglia or glial cells:

Microglia

back 11

Remove Debris

front 12

Four types of Neuroglia or glial cells:

Ependymal cells

back 12

cover and line cavities of the nervous system

front 13

Four types of Neuroglia or glial cells:

Oligodendrocytes

back 13

make a lipid insulation called myelin

front 14

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Two types of neuroglia cells

Schwann Cells

back 14

make myelin for this system

front 15

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Two types of neuroglia cells

Satellite Cells

back 15

Support cells

front 16

What do neurons do?

back 16

Carry out control functions of nervous system

front 17

Neurons

Neuron Body

back 17

Cell metabolism

front 18

Neurons

Dendrites

back 18

receive information from the enviorment

front 19

Neurons

Axon

back 19

Generates and sends signals to other cells

front 20

Neurons

Axon Terminal

back 20

emits signals from the cells

front 21

Neurons

Synapse

back 21

transmits signal to receiving cell

front 22

Classification of Neurons

Sensory Neurons

back 22

input

front 23

Classification of Neurons

Motor Neurons

back 23

output

front 24

Classifications of Neurons

Interneurons(associated neurons)

back 24

communication between neurons

front 25

Bipolar Neuron

back 25

Has two processes, one axon and one dedrite

front 26

Unipolar Neuron

back 26

Has one process, split into central and peripheral projection

front 27

Multipolar

back 27

has many processes, usually one axon and many dendrites

front 28

Depolarization

back 28

more positive, sodium in

front 29

Repolarization

back 29

  • Neutral potassium out

front 30

Hyperpolarization

back 30

More negative, extra potassium out

front 31

cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)

back 31

acts as a shock absorber for both brain and spinal cord

front 32

The spinal cord

back 32

located in a hollow tube running inside the vertebral column from the foramen magnum to the second lumbar L2 vertebrae called a conus medullaris

front 33

cauda equina

back 33

is a bundle of spinal nerve roots located at the lower end of the spinal cord.

It controls

front 34

meninges

back 34

protective membranes, purpose is to cover the delicate structures of the brain and the spinal cord

front 35

Dura Matter

back 35

the outer layer of thick, fibrous tissue

front 36

arachnoid matter

back 36

the middle layer, a wipsy, delicate layer resembling spider webs

front 37

Pia matter

back 37

the third innermost layer which is fused to the neutral tissue of the central nervous system, this layer contains blood vessels that serve the brain and the spinal cord

front 38

Epidural space

back 38

between the dura and the vertebral column is a space filled with fat and blood vessels

front 39

subdural space

back 39

between the dura mater and arachnoid matter, filled with a tiny bit of fluid

front 40

subarachnoid space

back 40

between the arachnoid matter and the pia matter is this large space which is filled with cerebrospinal fluid and acts as a fluid cushion for the central nervous system

front 41

what are some things that cerebrospinal fluid can do

back 41

transport dissolved gases and nutrients as well as chemical messengers and waste products

front 42

Fissure

back 42

a deep groove on the CNS surface of the

front 43

sulcus

back 43

a shallow groove on the CNS surface

front 44

The columns (also called funiculi)

back 44

are the white matter pathways in the spinal cord that carry signals up to the brain (sensory) and down from the brain (motor).

front 45

The horns are the gray matter regions inside the spinal cord.

Three Types

1️⃣ Posterior (Dorsal) Horn

back 45

  • Receives sensory input
  • Pain
  • Temperature
  • Touch

front 46

The horns are the gray matter regions inside the spinal cord.

Three Types

2️⃣ Anterior (Ventral) Horn

back 46

  • Contains lower motor neurons
  • Sends signals to skeletal muscles

front 47

The horns are the gray matter regions inside the spinal cord.

Three Types

3️⃣ Lateral Horn

Located on the side (only in T1–L2 region).

back 47

  • Part of the autonomic nervous system
  • Sympathetic output (“fight or flight”)

front 48

The dorsal column tract

back 48

carries fine touch and vibration information to the cerebral cortex

front 49

spinothalamic tract

back 49

carries temperature, pain and crude, touch information to the cerebral cortex

front 50

The spinocerebellar tract

back 50

carries information about posture and position to the cerebellum

front 51

Nerves

back 51

the connection between the central nervous system and the world outside the central nervous system

front 52

Spinal cord injury

back 52

results in paralysis and sensory loss below the injury and the extent of the paralysis is related to the location of the spinal cord injury

front 53

patients with injuries to the cervical regions are

back 53

quadriplegics, paralyzed in all four limbs

front 54

Patients with injuries in the thoracic region and lower

back 54

have paraplegia, they can move their arms but their legs are paralyzed

front 55

Guillain- Barre Syndrome

back 55

a paralysis caused by inflammation of peripheral nerves. It attacks the mylin of the peripheral nerves...Starts in feet and legs and moves upward, and when it corrects itself it reverses and heals downward

front 56

Myasthenia gravis

back 56

is a chronic autoimmune disorder where antibodies attack the acetylcholine (ACh) receptors at the neuromuscular junction. Fluctuating Muscle Weakness, Ocular Symptoms (Often First!), Bulbar Symptoms, Respiratory Weakness (Severe cases)

  • Antibodies block or destroy ACh receptors
  • Muscle contraction becomes weak
  • Weakness worsens with activity

front 57

Botulism

back 57

a form of paralysis caused by toxins produced by the bacteria clostridium botulism

  • Ingesting certain foods- improperly canned foods
  • wound infections

front 58

Meningitis

back 58

an infection usually from a virus or bacteria, of the meninges, the lining of the brain and the spinal cord

Bacteria can be treated

Viral can not be treated

front 59

Carpel Tunnel

back 59

an inflammation and swelling of the tendon sheaths surrounding the flexor tendon of the palm