front 1 Anatomy | back 1 is the study of the form and structure of the body |
front 2 Physiology | back 2 examines how the body function |
front 3 Cytology | back 3 study of body cells and their internal structure |
front 4 Histology | back 4 study of tissue |
front 5 Gross (Macroscopic) Anatomy | back 5 investigate structure visible to the unaided eye |
front 6 What are the characteristics of living things? | back 6 1. organization 2. metabolism 3. growth and development 4. responsiveness 5. regulation 6. homeostasis 7. reproduction |
front 7 Organization | back 7 living things exhibit a complex structure of order |
front 8 Metabolism | back 8 the sum of all chemical reactions in the body |
front 9 Anabolism | back 9 small molecules joined to form larger ones |
front 10 Catabolism | back 10 large molecules broken down into smaller ones |
front 11 What happens if catabolism is working harder than anabolism? | back 11 you will have a bunch of smaller pieces rather than a large whole piece |
front 12 Growth and Development | back 12 organisms assimilate materials from the environment, grow and develop example: food, nutrients |
front 13 Responsiveness | back 13 ability to sense and react to stimuli example: temperature |
front 14 Regulation | back 14 ability to adjust internal bodily function to accommodate environment changes |
front 15 Homeostasis | back 15 ability to maintain stable structure and function (ability to maintain balance) example: blood sugar, breathing, blood pressure |
front 16 Reproduction | back 16 production of new cells for growth, maintenance, and repair |
front 17 What are the 6 levels of organization (simplest to most complex)? | back 17 1. Chemical 2. Cellular 3. Tissue 4. Organ 5. Organ System 6. Organismal |
front 18 Chemical Level | back 18 atoms and molecules are |
front 19 Cellular Level | back 19 basic units of life |
front 20 Tissue Level | back 20 similar cells with common function |
front 21 Organ Level | back 21 two or more tissues working together |
front 22 Organ System Level | back 22 related to organs working togerther |
front 23 Organismal Level | back 23 all systems functioning together as a whole |
front 24 What is Anatomical Structure? | back 24 The standard reference position of the body Body is upright stance-Feet parallel and flat - Arms at the side of the body - Palms facing anteriorly - Head level and eyes looking forward |
front 25 Body section | back 25 an actual cut or slice of the body |
front 26 Body Plane | back 26 an imaginary flat surface |
front 27 Coronal (front) Plane | back 27 divides body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) |
front 28 Transverse Plane | back 28 divides body into superior (top) and inferior (bottom) |
front 29 Midsagittal Plane | back 29 divides body into equal left and right halves (median/middle) |
front 30 Sagittal Plane | back 30 divides body into unequal portions |
front 31 Oblique Plane | back 31 passes through the body at an angle |
front 32 Directional Terms | back 32 directional terms are used in relation to the relative position and are presented in opposing pairs |
front 33 Anterior is too_____ | back 33 Posterior |
front 34 Proximal (closer) is too _______ | back 34 Distal (further away) |
front 35 Superficial is too _____ | back 35 Deep |
front 36 Dorsal is ___ | back 36 back |
front 37 Ventral is ____ | back 37 front |
front 38 Proximal and Distal can only be used when? | back 38 Proximal and Distal can only be used when talking about the arms or legs (most common attachment point) |
front 39 What are the Major Body Regions? | back 39 1. Axial Region 2. Appendicular Region |
front 40 Axial Region | back 40 head, neck, trunk - forms the main vertical axis of the body |
front 41 Appendicular Region | back 41 upper and lower limbs |
front 42 Internal organs are housed within enclosed ________? | back 42 Spaces and Cavities |
front 43 What are the Major Cavity Groups? | back 43 1. Posterior (back) Cavity 2. Ventral (front) Cavity |
front 44 Posterior (Dorsal) Cavity | back 44 completely encased in bone |
front 45 Cranial Cavity | back 45 houses the brain |
front 46 Vertebral Canal | back 46 houses the spinal cord |
front 47 Ventral Cavity | back 47 located anteriorly in the body |
front 48 The ventral cavity is subdivided into ________ and _______? | back 48 Thoracic Cavity and Abdominopelvic Cavity |
front 49 Negative Feedback | back 49
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front 50 Positive Feedback | back 50
example: blood clotting- making clot larger so we can stop the bleeding |
front 51 Failure of Homeostasis leads to _______? | back 51 failure of homeostasis leads to homeostatic imbalance or disease example: blood sugar too high too low- need to take medication to fix the disease or control |
front 52 Receptor | back 52 detects change in variable |
front 53 Control Center | back 53 interprets input from receptor and initiates changes through effector |
front 54 Effector | back 54 the structure that brings about changes to alter the stimulus |
front 55 Serous Fluid | back 55 acts as a lubricant |
front 56 Parietal Layer | back 56 lines internal surface of the body wall |
front 57 Visceral Layer | back 57 covers external surface of organs |