front 1 A sphincter is a thickening of the longitudinal layer of the muscularis that propels materials through the GI tract. thickening of the circular layer of the muscularis that controls movement of materials through the GI tract. fold of the mucosa of the GI tract that increases the total surface area for absorption of nutrients. circle of adventitia that anchors the GI tract to neighboring structures. | back 1 thickening of the circular layer of the muscularis that controls movement of materials through the GI tract. |
front 2 Of the five types of secretory cells in the gastric glands, which ones secrete pepsinogen? Chief cells Parietal cells Surface mucous cells Mucous neck cells Enteroendocrine cells | back 2 Chief cells |
front 3 Maltase is a brush border enzyme of the small intestine that digests the sugar maltose. True False | back 3 True |
front 4 Mastication is a process that facilitates propulsion of materials through the intestine, and it involves simultaneous secretion of enzymes. mixing of food within the stomach, and it occurs with simultaneous hormone secretion there. swallowing of food, and it increases the surface area of the food for exposure to enzymes. absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream, and it involves carrier proteins in the epithelium. | back 4 swallowing of food, and it increases the surface area of the food for exposure to enzymes. |
front 5 What material is transported in the sinusoids of the liver? Bile Arterial blood Venous blood Mixed arterial and venous blood Hepatic juice | back 5 Mixed arterial and venous blood |
front 6 Most saliva is produced by the_________ gland. parotid submandibular sublingual lingual buccal | back 6 submandibular |
front 7 The lingual salivary glands are unicellulilar endocrine glands. unicellulilar exocrine glands. multicellulilar endocrine glands. multicellulilar exocrine glands. | back 7 multicellulilar exocrine glands. |
front 8 Villi are found throughout the gastrointestinal tract. generate movement of materials in the large intestine. increase surface area in the small intestine. contain both smooth and skeletal muscle fibers. All of the choices are correct. | back 8 increase surface area in the small intestine. |
front 9 The term "motility" refers only to involuntary contractions (not voluntary contractions) that mix and move materials through the GI tract. True False | back 9 False |
front 10 Stenosis (constriction) of the pyloric sphincter would interfere with passage of bile and pancreatic juice into the duodenum. peristalsis. passage of a bolus into the stomach. passage of chyme into the duodenum. mucus secretion. | back 10 passage of chyme into the duodenum. |
front 11 If a fatty meal has been ingested, the liver and gallbladder need to be alerted about the need for bile. The receptors that are responsible for sensing the fat in the ingested food are refered to as bilireceptors. mechanoreceptors. chemoreceptors. omental neurons osmodetectors. | back 11 chemoreceptors. |
front 12 The upper half of the esophagus contains smooth muscle and the lower half contains skeletal muscle. True False | back 12 False |
front 13 Manufacturers of some medications used to treat heartburn advertise that their products shut down the acid-producing pumps in the stomach. Where are these “acid-producing pumps”? In other words, which type of gastric gland cell secretes acid? Chief cells Parietal cells Mucous neck cells Surface mucous cells Enteroendocrine cells | back 13 Parietal cells |
front 14 Bacteria within the large intestine, some of which produce vitamins, are called _________ bacteria. indigenous exogenous parasitic pathogenic | back 14 indigenous |
front 15 An enzyme found within saliva is salivary pancreatase. nuclease. amylase. protease. pepsin. | back 15 amylase |
front 16 The projections on the superior surface of the tongue, some of which house taste buds, are the tonsils. cilia. rugae. glossal spines. papillae. | back 16 papillae. |
front 17 Which layer(s) of the wall of the GI tract contain a nerve plexus? Muscularis only Mucosa and serosa Adventitia only Mucosa and muscularis Submucosa and muscularis | back 17 Submucosa and muscularis |
front 18 Lysozyme within saliva primarily functions to moisten and disperse food. initiate the chemical breakdown of starch. inhibit bacterial growth. wash materials off teeth. | back 18 inhibit bacterial growth. |
front 19 What is the primary function of the large intestine? Storage of vitamins and minerals Protein digestion and nutrient absorption Water and electrolyte absorption Secretion of water, salts, sodium bicarbonate, and enzymes | back 19 Water and electrolyte absorption |
front 20 The deciduous teeth are the_________ teeth, and there are a total of_________ deciduous teeth. milk; 8 milk; 20 wisdom; 4 permanent; 20 permanent; 28 | back 20 milk; 20 |