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Instructions for Side by Side Printing
  1. Print the notecards
  2. Fold each page in half along the solid vertical line
  3. Cut out the notecards by cutting along each horizontal dotted line
  4. Optional: Glue, tape or staple the ends of each notecard together
  1. Verify Front of pages is selected for Viewing and print the front of the notecards
  2. Select Back of pages for Viewing and print the back of the notecards
    NOTE: Since the back of the pages are printed in reverse order (last page is printed first), keep the pages in the same order as they were after Step 1. Also, be sure to feed the pages in the same direction as you did in Step 1.
  3. Cut out the notecards by cutting along each horizontal and vertical dotted line
To print: Ctrl+PPrint as a list

13 notecards = 4 pages (4 cards per page)

Viewing:

The Making of the West Ch 14

front 1

Christopher Columbus

back 1

An Italian explorer whose four voyages across the Atlantic (starting in 1492) marked the beginning of European colonization of the Americas.

front 2

Hernán Cortés

back 2

A Spanish conquistador who led the expedition that caused the fall of the Aztec Empire in Mexico (1521).

front 3

Christian Humanism

back 3

An intellectual movement during the Northern Renaissance that sought to reform Christianity by focusing on the classical sources of the Bible and the early Church Fathers, emphasizing piety and ethical living (e.g., Erasmus).

front 4

Martin Luther

back 4

A German theologian whose challenge to the Catholic Church (starting with the 95 Theses in 1517) sparked the Protestant Reformation. He championed the doctrines of sola scriptura and sola fide.

front 5

Charles V

back 5

The powerful Holy Roman Emperor (reigned 1519–1556) who ruled over vast territories in Europe and the Americas, constantly clashing with France and struggling to contain the spread of Lutheranism.

front 6

John Calvin

back 6

A French theologian and major figure of the second generation of the Reformation. His teachings led to the development of Calvinism, emphasizing God's sovereignty and the doctrine of predestination.

front 7

Predestination

back 7

A core theological concept, particularly in Calvinism, asserting that God has eternally decreed who will be saved (the "elect") and who will be damned.

front 8

Henry VIII

back 8

The King of England (reigned 1509–1547) who initiated the English Reformation by separating the Church of England from papal authority, largely to secure a male heir.

front 9

Anabaptists

back 9

A radical group within the Reformation that rejected infant baptism, believing only adult believers should be baptized. They were often persecuted by both Catholics and other Protestants.

front 10

Council of Trent

back 10

An ecumenical council of the Catholic Church (1545–1563) that reaffirmed traditional Catholic doctrine and initiated significant reforms in the face of the Protestant challenge, marking the start of the Counter-Reformation.

front 11

Jesuits

back 11

Officially the Society of Jesus, a Catholic religious order founded by Ignatius of Loyola (1540). They became the spearhead of the Counter-Reformation through education, missionary work, and advising monarchs.

front 12

Suleiman the Magnificent

back 12

The longest-reigning Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (reigned 1520–1566). His reign marked the peak of Ottoman political, military, and cultural power.

front 13

Peace of Augsburg

back 13

A 1555 treaty signed by Charles V that formally ended the conflict between Lutherans and Catholics in the Holy Roman Empire, establishing the principle of cuius regio, eius religio ("whose realm, his religion").