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  1. Print the notecards
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  1. Verify Front of pages is selected for Viewing and print the front of the notecards
  2. Select Back of pages for Viewing and print the back of the notecards
    NOTE: Since the back of the pages are printed in reverse order (last page is printed first), keep the pages in the same order as they were after Step 1. Also, be sure to feed the pages in the same direction as you did in Step 1.
  3. Cut out the notecards by cutting along each horizontal and vertical dotted line
To print: Ctrl+PPrint as a list

39 notecards = 10 pages (4 cards per page)

Viewing:

Climate and weather, clouds

front 1

What are the two ways water droplets form? Which never happens in nature?

back 1

Heterogenous and homogenous nucleation. Heterogenous nucleation only happens in labs.

front 2

Hydrophilic aerosols are called what?

back 2

cloud condensation nuclei (CCN)

front 3

______________ nuclei dissolve in water.

back 3

Hygroscopic

front 4

Is it easier or harder for water to evaporate from a solution?

back 4

Harder

front 5

A droplet’s size is directly related to the relative
humidity at which it will be in equilibrium (continue to exist). What is this effect called and what does it mean in practice?

back 5

The curvature effect. The larger a droplet the harder it will be for it to evaporate.

front 6

What are the three ways ice crystals form (with the help of ice nuclei).

back 6

• Directly from vapour if water vapour is deposited onto
ice nuclei
• When a supercooled water droplet already contains an
ice nucleus and temperatures get cold enough
• When supercooled droplets (with a non ice nuclei) collide with ice nuclei

front 7

What condition does the presence of solutes change for forming water droplets? What is this effect called?

back 7

The relative humidity at which water droplets form which can be lower than 100%. The solute effect.

front 8

In order for a droplet to increase in radius/diameter what must also increase to maintain the droplet/s existence?

back 8

The relative humidity

front 9

What are the three favoured traits of an aerosol for condensation?

back 9

wettable (hydrophilic), large (so it's harder for the droplet to evaporate), and hygroscopic (dissolves in water)

front 10

What condition does the presence of solutes change for forming water droplets? What is this effect called?

back 10

The relative humidity at which water droplets form which can be lower than 100%. The solute effect.

front 11

Why is dust not a good CNN?

back 11

It doesn't dissolve

front 12

When the water droplets in clouds start to precipitate their relative humidity's...?

back 12

Drop/decrease

front 13

Why does the size of droplets tends to become uniform in a cloud?

back 13

Small droplets grow faster than big ones so all droplets get to be big and then kinda stop growing.

front 14

Larger droplets freeze at slightly higher temperatures than their smaller counterparts, true or false?

back 14

True

front 15

What temperature must it be in a cloud (in nature) for water droplets to freeze?

back 15

negative 40 degrees Celsius

front 16

When the water droplets in clouds start to precipitate the cloud's relative humidity...?

back 16

Drops/decreases

front 17

Favourable ice nuclei are _________ and ______________.

Name two examples of ice nuclei.

back 17

large and insoluble,

  • Clay minerals
  • Combustion products
  • Organic material

front 18

What are the three ways ice crystals form (with the help of ice nuclei).

back 18

• Directly from vapour if water vapour is deposited onto
ice nuclei
• When a supercooled water droplet already contains an
ice nucleus and temperatures get cold enough
• When supercooled droplets (with a non ice nuclei) collide with ice nuclei

front 19

What are the three ways to achieve saturation?

back 19

• Cooling the air to its dew-point temperature
• Adding water vapour to the air
• Mixing air samples

front 20

Clouds form due to...?

back 20

rising air

front 21

What are the five basic mechanisms by which air rises to form clouds?

back 21

• Convection
• Orographic lifting
• Convergence of surface winds
• Frontal lifting
• Divergence aloft

front 22

Which lifting mechanism is this?

back 22

Orographic lifting

front 23

Which lifting mechanism is this?

back 23

Convergence

front 24

Which lifting mechanism is this?

back 24

Convection

front 25

Which lifting mechanism is this?

back 25

Frontal lifting

front 26

Name the lifting mechanism in b, c and d

back 26

front 27

The classification of clouds is based on __________ and ___________.

back 27

shape and height

front 28

Howard’s identification system uses Latin
roots. What are these words mean in English?

• Cumulus
• Stratus
• Cirrus
• Nimbus

back 28

• Cumulus (“heap”)
• Stratus (“layer”)
• Cirrus (“curl of hair”)
• Nimbus (“rain”)

front 29

________ ____________ cause cirrus clouds to have ragged edges.

back 29

Ice crystals

front 30

Of the classifications cirrus, cumulus and stratus which clouds are found only at high altitudes?

back 30

Cirrus

front 31

Cumuliform Clouds (e.g., cumulus, stratocumulus,
cumulonimbus) form in ______________ air.

back 31

unstable

front 32

Cumulus humilis clouds are (small/large) and only last for a few minutes or hours.

back 32

small

front 33

Fill in the blanks:

Cumulus humilis -> time -> Cumulus _______________ -> rise until reaches a __________ ___________ -> ___________________ -> heavy precipitation

back 33

Cumulus humilis -> time -> Cumulus congestus -> rise until reaches a stable layer -> precipitation -> cumulonimbus -> heavy precipitation

front 34

Stratiform Clouds (e.g., stratus, stratocumulus,
nimbostratus) form in ____________ air as a result of forced lifting or as winds cause turbulent mixing.

back 34

stable

front 35

_______________ fog forms as air rising up a slope cools adiabatically. Other fogs form by mixing or
adding ____________ _____________.

back 35

Upslope, water vapour

front 36

Radiation Fog forms when _____________ of radiation by the ___________ are mixed with water droplets through the mixed layer via ___________ __________.

back 36

emissions, surface, light wind

front 37

Advection Fog forms due to conductive cooling as _________, ___________ air is advected over a cool surface

back 37

warm, moist

front 38

What are the three ways to achieve saturation?

back 38

• Cooling the air to its dew-point temperature
• Adding water vapour to the air
• Mixing air samples

front 39

Name the four main fog types.

back 39