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Instructions for Side by Side Printing
  1. Print the notecards
  2. Fold each page in half along the solid vertical line
  3. Cut out the notecards by cutting along each horizontal dotted line
  4. Optional: Glue, tape or staple the ends of each notecard together
  1. Verify Front of pages is selected for Viewing and print the front of the notecards
  2. Select Back of pages for Viewing and print the back of the notecards
    NOTE: Since the back of the pages are printed in reverse order (last page is printed first), keep the pages in the same order as they were after Step 1. Also, be sure to feed the pages in the same direction as you did in Step 1.
  3. Cut out the notecards by cutting along each horizontal and vertical dotted line
To print: Ctrl+PPrint as a list

8 notecards = 2 pages (4 cards per page)

Viewing:

last biology

front 1

Cuticle

back 1

  • Cuticle: A waxy, waterproof layer on the leaf surface that reduces water loss.

front 2

Guard Cells

back 2

  • Guard Cells: Specialized cells that surround stomata and control their opening and closing, regulating gas exchange and water loss.

front 3

Stomata:

back 3

  • Stomata: Pores on the leaf surface that allow for gas exchange.

front 4

Upper and Lower Epidermis:

back 4

  • Upper and Lower Epidermis: Protective layers on the top and bottom of the leaf. Upper is a transparent layer that allows light to reach the palisade mesophyll. The lower epidermis is a single layer of cells on the underside of a leaf, containing stomata and guard cells. It plays a crucial role in regulating gas exchange and water loss through transpiration.

front 5

Palisade Mesophyll

back 5

  • Palisade Mesophyll: A layer of tightly packed, elongated cells rich in chloroplasts, located near the top of the leaf to maximise light absorption.

front 6

Spongy Mesophyll

back 6

  • Spongy Mesophyll: A layer of loosely arranged cells with air spaces that facilitate gas exchange.

front 7

Air Spaces

back 7

  • Air Spaces: Gaps between spongy mesophyll cells that allow for the diffusion of carbon dioxide and oxygen.

front 8

back 8

(a) heart, limited to: vena cava, aorta, pulmonary artery and pulmonary vein

(b) lungs, limited to: pulmonary artery and pulmonary vein

(c) kidney, limited to: renal artery and renal vein

(d) liver : hepatic artery, hepatic veins and hepatic portal vein