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Anatomy JV Exam 3: Ear Vestibulocochlear

front 1

The external ear consists of the __________, also called the __________, and the __________ __________ __________.

back 1

auricle, pinna, external auditory meatus

front 2

The middle ear contains the __________ __________ and the __________ __________.

back 2

tympanic cavity, epitympanic recess

front 3

The inner ear is made up of the __________ __________ and the __________ __________.

back 3

bony labyrinth, membranous labyrinth

front 4

What is 1?

back 4

auricle

front 5

What is 2?

back 5

external acoustic meatus

front 6

What is 3?

back 6

tympanic membrane

front 7

What is 4?

back 7

tympanic cavity

front 8

What is 5?

back 8

auditory tube

front 9

What is 6?

back 9

cochlea

front 10

What is 7?

back 10

internal acoustic meatus

front 11

What is 8?

back 11

vestibulocochlear nerve

front 12

What is 9?

back 12

vestibule

front 13

What is 10?

back 13

semicircular canals

front 14

What is 11?

back 14

auditory ossicles

front 15

What is 12?

back 15

temporal bone

front 16

What is 1?

back 16

helix

front 17

What is 2?

back 17

antihelix

front 18

What is 3?

back 18

antitragus

front 19

What is 4?

back 19

lobule

front 20

What is 5?

back 20

external acoustic meatus

front 21

What is 6?

back 21

concha

front 22

What is 7?

back 22

tragus

front 23

The auricle, also called the __________, functions in __________ __________ and __________.

back 23

pinna, sound localization, amplification

front 24

Dr. Liuzzi suggests the majority of auricular innervation comes from the __________ __________ nerve, __________ __________ nerve, and some innervation from the __________ nerve.

back 24

lesser occipital, great auricular, vagus

front 25

The pinna, also called the __________, is innervated by multiple nerves including the __________ __________ nerve (C2), __________ __________ nerve (C2, C3), and the __________ branch of CN __________.

back 25

auricle, lesser occipital, great auricular, auriculotemporal, V3

front 26

Additional innervation of the auricle comes from cranial nerves __________ and __________, corresponding to the __________ nerve and the __________ nerve.

back 26

X, VII, vagus, facial

front 27

What is 1?

back 27

auriculotemporal branch of mandibular nerve v3

front 28

What is 2?

back 28

great auricular nerve c2 c3

front 29

What is 3?

back 29

facial nerve (VII)

front 30

What is 4?

back 30

Vagus nerve (X)

front 31

What is 5?

back 31

lesser occipital nerve (c2)

front 32

What is 1?

back 32

external acoustic meatus

front 33

What is 2?

back 33

tympanic membrane

front 34

What is 3?

back 34

bone

front 35

What is 4?

back 35

cartilage

front 36

What is 5?

back 36

auricle

front 37

The lateral ______ of the external auditory meatus is ______, while the medial ______ is made of ______ from the ______ bone.

back 37

one-third, cartilaginous, two-thirds, bone, temporal

front 38

The lateral part of the external auditory meatus is lined by skin containing ______, ______ glands, and ______ glands, which are modified ______ ______ glands that secrete ______.

back 38

hairs, sebaceous, ceruminous, apocrine sweat, cerumen

front 39

The lateral external auditory meatus contains no ______ ______ glands.

back 39

eccrine sweat

front 40

Cerumen, also known as ______ ______, is secreted by ______ glands, which are modified ______ ______ glands.

back 40

ear wax, ceruminous, apocrine sweat

front 41

Cerumen is found in the ______ part of the ______ ______ ______.

back 41

lateral, external auditory meatus

front 42

The lateral part of the external auditory meatus contains ______ glands and ______ glands, which are modified ______ ______ glands that secrete ______.

back 42

sebaceous, ceruminous, apocrine sweat, cerumen

front 43

The external auditory meatus does not contain any ______ ______ glands.

back 43

eccrine sweat

front 44

The external auditory meatus is mainly innervated by the ______ nerve, with additional minor contributions from the ______ nerve (CN ______) and ______ branches of the ______ nerve (CN ______).

back 44

auriculotemporal, facial, VII, vagal, vagus, X

front 45

Stimulation of the external auditory meatus can cause a gag reflex in some individuals due to ______ innervation from the ______ nerve (CN ______).

back 45

sensory, vagus, X

front 46

Some people gag when cleaning their ears because of ______ innervation from the ______ nerve (CN ______), which supplies part of the external auditory meatus.

back 46

vagal, vagus, X

front 47

The outer surface of the tympanic membrane is mainly innervated by the ______ nerve (branch of CN ______) and has a small contribution from the ______ branch of the ______ nerve (CN ______).

back 47

auriculotemporal, V3, auricular, vagus, X

front 48

The inner surface of the tympanic membrane is innervated by the ______ nerve (CN ______).

back 48

glossopharyngeal, IX

front 49

What is 1?

back 49

umbo

front 50

What is 2?

back 50

handle of malleus

front 51

What is 3?

back 51

posterior malleolar fold

front 52

What is 4?

back 52

pars flaccida

front 53

What is 5?

back 53

lateral process of malleus

front 54

What is 6?

back 54

anterior malleolar fold

front 55

What is 7?

back 55

cone of light

front 56

Otitis media is a middle ear infection characterized by a ______, ______ tympanic membrane.

back 56

bulging, red

front 57

Otitis media may cause ______ of the tympanic membrane.

back 57

perforation

front 58

Otitis media is more common in younger children because their ______ tubes have a ______ angle, impairing drainage from the middle ear to the ______.

back 58

pharyngotympanic, narrower, pharynx

front 59

If otitis media is severe, a common treatment is an ______ of the ______ part of the tympanic membrane to avoid damaging the ______ ______, followed by placement of a ______ ______.

back 59

incision, posteroinferior, chorda tympani, tympanostomy tube

front 60

What is 1?

back 60

fossa of round (cochlear) window

front 61

What is 2?

back 61

tendon of stapedius muscle

front 62

What is 3?

back 62

chorda tympani nerve

front 63

What is 4?

back 63

long limb of incus

front 64

What is 5?

back 64

stapes in oval (vestibular) window

front 65

What is 6?

back 65

lateral process of malleus

front 66

What is 7?

back 66

tendon of tensor tympani muscle

front 67

What is 8?

back 67

handle of malleus

front 68

What is 9?

back 68

promontory

front 69

The chorda tympani passes just behind/medial to the tympanic membrane between the long limb of the ______ and the ______.

back 69

incus, malleus

front 70

What is 1?

back 70

semicircular ducts

front 71

What is 2?

back 71

ampullae

front 72

What is 3?

back 72

vestibule

front 73

What is 4?

back 73

utricle

front 74

What is 5?

back 74

saccule

front 75

What is 6?

back 75

subdural space

front 76

What is 7?

back 76

subarachnoid space

front 77

What is 8?

back 77

endolymphatic space

front 78

What is 9?

back 78

endolymphatic duct

front 79

What is 10?

back 79

perilymphatic duct

front 80

What is 11?

back 80

scala vestibuli

front 81

What is 12?

back 81

scala media

front 82

What is 13?

back 82

scala tympani

front 83

What is 14?

back 83

cochlea

front 84

What is 15?

back 84

stapes

front 85

What is 16?

back 85

incus

front 86

What is 17?

back 86

malleus

front 87

What is 18?

back 87

auditory tube

front 88

What is 19?

back 88

tympanic membrane

front 89

What is 20?

back 89

external acoustic meatus

front 90

What is 21?

back 90

mastoid cavities

front 91

The middle ear includes the ______ cavity and the ______ recess, where the ______ are located.

back 91

tympanic, epitympanic, ossicles

front 92

Anteriorly, the middle ear connects to the ______ via the ______ ______ tube.

back 92

pharynx, pharyngotympanic (eustachian)

front 93

Posteriorly, the middle ear connects to the ______ air cells via the ______ ______.

back 93

mastoid, mastoid antrum

front 94

What is 1?

back 94

external acoustic meatus

front 95

What is 2?

back 95

epitympanic recess

front 96

What is 3?

back 96

malleus

front 97

What is 4?

back 97

incus

front 98

What is 5?

back 98

stapes

front 99

What is 6?

back 99

oval window

front 100

What is 7?

back 100

tympanic membrane

front 101

What is 8?

back 101

pharyngotympanic tube

front 102

The middle ear, including the inner surface of the tympanic cavity, is innervated by the ______ nerve (CN ______), also called ______ nerve.

back 102

tympanic, IX, Jacobson's

front 103

Jacobson’s nerve, also known as the ______ nerve (CN ______), innervates the ______ ear cavity, including the inner surface of the ______ cavity.

back 103

tympanic, IX, middle, tympanic

front 104

What is 1?

back 104

epitympanic recess

front 105

What is 2?

back 105

malleus incus stapes

front 106

What is 3?

back 106

chorda tympani nerve

front 107

What is 4?

back 107

tensor tympani

front 108

What is 5?

back 108

tympanic membrane

front 109

What is 6?

back 109

lesser petrosal nerve (preganglionic parasympathetics)

front 110

What is 7?

back 110

facial nerve

front 111

What is 8?

back 111

aditus to mastoid antrum

front 112

What is 9?

back 112

tympanic plexus on promontory

front 113

What is 10?

back 113

stapedius

front 114

What is 11?

back 114

tympanic nerve (from CN IX)

front 115

what vessel has a very close relationship to the middle ear?

_____ _____ _____

back 115

internal carotid a.

front 116

What is 1?

back 116

geniculate ganglion

front 117

What is 2?

back 117

facial neve (VII)

front 118

What is 3?

back 118

internal acoustic meatus

front 119

What is 4?

back 119

greater petrosal

front 120

What is 5?

back 120

middle ear

front 121

What is 6?

back 121

stylomastoid foramen

front 122

What is 7?

back 122

chorda tympani

front 123

What is 8?

back 123

nerve to stapedius muscle

front 124

What is 1?

back 124

malleus

front 125

What is 2?

back 125

incus

front 126

What is 3?

back 126

chorda tympani

front 127

What is 4?

back 127

tympanic membrane

front 128

The ______ ______ is attached to the handle of the ______, functions to tense the ______ membrane to attenuate sound, and is innervated by the ______ nerve, mandibular division (CN ______).

back 128

tensor tympani, malleus, tympanic, trigeminal, V3

front 129

The ______ muscle is attached to the neck of the ______, functions to prevent excessive movement of the ______, and is innervated by the ______ nerve (CN ______).

back 129

stapedius, stapes, stapes, facial, VII

front 130

Paralysis of the facial nerve can cause ______.

back 130

hyperacusis

front 131

What is 1?

back 131

tendon of stapedius muscle

front 132

What is 2?

back 132

pyramidal eminence

front 133

What is 3?

back 133

footplate of stapes

front 134

What is this?

back 134

Mastoiditis

front 135

Mastoiditis is inflammation of the ______ ______ and ______ ______, often resulting from ______ ______.

back 135

mastoid antrum, air cells, otitis media

front 136

Mastoiditis can spread superiorly into the ______ ______ cavity, potentially causing ______ meningitis.

back 136

middle cranial, bacterial

front 137

The otic vesicle divides into two parts during development:

  • The ______ component forms the ______ and ______ duct.
  • The ______ component forms the ______, ______ ducts, and the ______ duct.

back 137

ventral, saccule, cochlear

dorsal, utricle, semicircular, endolymphatic

front 138

what is the external auditory meatus derived from (development/embryo)?

______ ______ ______

back 138

1st pharyngeal cleft

front 139

what are the ossicles derived from (development/embryo)?

______ ______

back 139

mesenchymal condensation

front 140

what is the tympanic membrane derived from (development/embryo)?

outer part - ______

inner part - ______

back 140

ectoderm

endoderm

front 141

what is the embryonic origin of the middle ear cavity?

______

back 141

pharynx

front 142

The ______ and ______ develop from the 1st pharyngeal arch cartilage, also known as ______ cartilage.

back 142

malleus, incus, Meckel's

front 143

The ______ develops from the 2nd pharyngeal arch cartilage, also known as ______ cartilage.

back 143

stapes, Reichert

front 144

What is 1, 2, 3?

back 144

incus

malleus

stapes

front 145

The bony labyrinth, located within the ______ portion of the ______ bone, includes the ______ canals, the ______, and the ______, and it contains ______.

back 145

petrous, temporal, semicircular, vestibule, cochlea, perilymph

front 146

The membranous labyrinth includes the ______ duct, ______, ______, ______ ducts, and the ______ duct, and it contains ______.

back 146

cochlear, saccule, utricle, semicircular, endolymphatic, endolymph

front 147

The vestibular apparatus detects ______ position (______ acceleration) and ______ movement (______ acceleration), orients us in ______ space, and serves as a ______ stabilizer for the ______ system.

back 147

head, linear, head, angular, 3-D, gyroscopic, visual

front 148

What is 1?

back 148

semicircular duct and canal

front 149

What is 2?

back 149

dura mater

front 150

What is 3?

back 150

stapes

incus

malleus

front 151

What is 4?

back 151

tympanic bone

front 152

What is 5?

back 152

tympanic membrane

front 153

What is 6?

back 153

vestibule of bony labyrinth

front 154

What is 7?

back 154

endolymphatic sac

front 155

What is 8?

back 155

duct of cochlea

front 156

What is 9?

back 156

pharyngotympanic tube

front 157

What is 1?

back 157

semicircular canals

front 158

What is 2?

back 158

ampullae

front 159

What is 3?

back 159

utricle

front 160

What is 4?

back 160

maculae and statoconia

front 161

What is 5?

back 161

saccule

front 162

What is 6?

back 162

ductus endolymphaticus

front 163

What is 7?

back 163

crista ampullae

front 164

Vestibular hair cells have a single ______ called the ______ and numerous ______ (about 60), all embedded within a ______ matrix.

back 164

cilium, kinocilium, stereocilia, gelatinous

front 165

what is shown here?

back 165

vestibular apparatus

front 166

What is 1?

back 166

ampulla

front 167

What is 2?

back 167

crista ampullaris

front 168

What is 3?

back 168

macula of the utricle

front 169

Head position (gravity and ______ acceleration) is detected by specialized regions of neuroepithelial cells called ______.

back 169

linear, maculae

front 170

The maculae are located in the ______ and ______, and are oriented ______ to one another.

back 170

utricle, saccule, perpendicular

front 171

The maculae, located in the ______ and ______, function to detect ______ position by sensing ______ and ______ acceleration. They are oriented ______ to one another.

back 171

utricle, saccule, head, gravity, linear, perpendicular

front 172

Embedded within the surface of the gelatinous matrix of the maculae are ______, which are ______ ______ crystals. Gravity causes their weight to ______ the gelatinous matrix, leading the ______ cells to fire.

back 172

otoliths, calcium carbonate, distort, receptor

front 173

Otoliths are ______ ______ crystals found embedded in the surface of the ______ matrix of the ______. Their weight, influenced by ______, distorts the matrix and stimulates the ______ cells.

back 173

calcium carbonate, gelatinous, maculae, gravity, receptor

front 174

what is this?

back 174

macula

front 175

What is 1?

back 175

nerves

front 176

The semicircular canals detect head ______ by sensing ______ acceleration.

back 176

movements, angular

front 177

The ampullae of the semicircular canals contain a ridge of neuroepithelial cells called the ______ ______, whose cilia and stereocilia are embedded in a gelatinous matrix that forms the ______.

back 177

crista ampullaris, cupula

front 178

The ______ ______ detect head movements (angular acceleration). They have specialized dilations called ______, which contain neuroepithelial hair cells called the ______ ______. The hair cells’ cilia and stereocilia are embedded in a gelatinous matrix called the ______.

back 178

semicircular canals, ampullae, crista ampullaris, cupula

front 179

What is 1?

back 179

receptor cells

front 180

What is 2?

back 180

nerves

front 181

What is 3?

back 181

supporting cells

front 182

Nystagmus is a rhythmic eye movement where the eyes smoothly follow a moving object and then quickly ______ back to fixate on a new object.

back 182

snap

front 183

During nystagmus, the eyes follow a moving object at the same ______ as the object’s movement relative to the ______.velocity, head

back 183

velocity, head

front 184

Vestibular nuclei in the brainstem connect to the oculomotor nuclei (CN ______, ______, and ______) via the ______ ______ fasciculus (MLF), coordinating eye movements in nystagmus.

back 184

VI, IV, III, medial longitudinal

front 185

Damage to the ______ system or its connections with the ______, and use of ______ or other intoxicants can cause pathologic nystagmus.

In vestibular nystagmus, the eyes move slowly toward the side of ______ damage and then rapidly snap back.

back 185

vestibular, cerebellum, alcohol, damage

front 186

Meniere’s disease causes recurrent attacks of ______, ______ loss, and ______.

back 186

vertigo, hearing, tinnitus

front 187

Meniere’s disease may be accompanied by ______ and most commonly affects people in their ______ and ______ decades.

back 187

nystagmus, fourth, fifth

front 188

Attacks in Meniere’s disease last from a few ______ to several ______.

back 188

moments, hours

front 189

A consistent feature of Meniere’s disease is ______ ______, which is an increase in the volume of ______.

back 189

endolymphatic hydrops, endolymph

front 190

function of middle ear ossicles:

convert ______ ______to ______ ______

back 190

sound waves

fluid waves

front 191

The auditory apparatus captures and conducts ______.

back 191

sound

front 192

Fluid waves travel through ______, which is not ______ and transmits waves with relative ______.

back 192

perilymph, compressible, fidelity

front 193

The ______ is the central core of the spiral cochlea and contains the ______ ______ and the acoustic portion of the ______ nerve (CN ______).

back 193

modiolus, spiral ganglion, vestibulocochlear, VIII

front 194

how big is the human cochlea?

______ turns over distance of ______ mm

back 194

2.5 turns over distance of 35 mm

front 195

what is suspended wtihin the bony cochlea?

______ ______ duct aka ______ ______

back 195

membranous cochlear duct aka scala media

front 196

What is 1?

back 196

oval window

front 197

What is 2?

back 197

round window

front 198

What is 1?

back 198

facial canal

front 199

What is 2?

back 199

oval window

front 200

What is 3?

back 200

external auditory meatus

front 201

What is 4?

back 201

mastoid process

front 202

What is 5?

back 202

styloid process

front 203

What is 1?

back 203

1) scala media/cochlear duct

front 204

What is 2?

back 204

2) scala vestibuli (above scala media)

front 205

What is 3?

back 205

3) scala tympani (below scala media)

front 206

What is 4?

back 206

4) spiral ganglion

front 207

What is 5?

back 207

5) vestibular nerve

front 208

The ______ vestibuli and ______ contain perilymph and are part of the ______ labyrinth.

back 208

scala, tympani, bony

front 209

The ______ media contains endolymph and is part of the ______ labyrinth.

back 209

scala, membranous

front 210

What is 1?

back 210

vestibular membrane

front 211

What is 2?

back 211

scala vestibuli

front 212

What is 3?

back 212

tectorial membrane

front 213

What is 4?

back 213

scala media

front 214

What is 5?

back 214

spiral ganglion

front 215

What is 6?

back 215

scala tympani

front 216

What is 7?

back 216

basilar membrane

front 217

what is this?

back 217

cochlea

front 218

what is 1?

back 218

scala vestibuli

front 219

what is 2?

back 219

vestibular membrane

front 220

what is 3?

back 220

modiolus

front 221

what is 4?

back 221

spiral limbus

front 222

What is 5?

back 222

spiral ganglion

front 223

What is 6?

back 223

basilar membrane

front 224

What is 7?

back 224

scala tympani

front 225

What is 8?

back 225

spiral ligament

front 226

What is 9?

back 226

stria vascularis

front 227

What is 10?

back 227

scala media

front 228

The ______ ______ is found within the ______ duct (scala media) and is the only ______ epithelium in the human body. It contains ______ and produces ______.

back 228

stria vascularis, cochlear, vascular, blood vessels, endolymph

front 229

what is this?

back 229

organ of corti

front 230

The auditory apparatus contains ______ hair cells arranged in 3 rows with a ______-shaped array of stereocilia. It also contains ______ hair cells arranged in 1 row with 50–60 ______-shaped stereocilia. Auditory hair cells do not have ______.

back 230

outer, W, inner, V, kinocilia

front 231

Which hair cell is which?

back 231

outer- top

inner- bottom

front 232

Constant exposure to loud sounds at specific frequencies can damage ______ cells, which do not ______.

The ______ nerve may be injured at its entrance into the brainstem by a ______ (acoustic neuroma), which may also involve the ______ nerve causing ______ palsy.

back 232

hair, regenerate

vestibulocochlear, Schwannoma, facial, facial