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Anatomy JV Exam 3: Eye & Orbit

front 1

The eyelids are covered externally by ______ ______ and internally by the ______ ______, which is continuous with the ______ ______.

back 1

thin skin, palpebral conjunctivum, bulbar conjunctivum

front 2

The muscular portion of the eyelid is formed by the ______ ______, which is innervated by the ______ nerve, also known as cranial nerve ______.

back 2

orbicularis oculi, facial, VII

front 3

The edges of the eyelids are lubricated by the ______ glands, also known as ______ glands.

back 3

tarsal, Meibomian

front 4

In the corneal reflex, the afferent limb is carried by the ______ nerve (CN ______), and the efferent limb is carried by the ______ nerve (CN ______), which contracts the ______ ______ muscle.

back 4

trigeminal, V, facial, VII, orbicularis oculi

front 5

Loss of the corneal reflex due to ______ nerve injury can lead to ______ damage and eventual ______.

back 5

facial, corneal, ulceration

front 6

The ______ ______ ______ elevates the upper eyelid and is innervated by the ______ nerve (CN ______).

back 6

levator palpebrae superioris, oculomotor, III

front 7

Müller’s muscle, also called the ______ ______ muscle, is a ______ muscle innervated by ______ ______ axons from the ______ ______ ______.

back 7

superior tarsal, smooth, postganglionic sympathetic, superior cervical ganglion

front 8

Paralysis of Müller’s muscle can lead to ______, or ______ of the upper eyelid, which is a feature of ______ ______.

back 8

ptosis, drooping, Horner's Syndrome

front 9

Müller’s muscle, also known as the ______ ______ muscle, is a ______ muscle located in the ______ eyelid.

back 9

superior tarsal, smooth, upper

front 10

Müller’s muscle is innervated by ______ ______ axons from the ______ ______ ______.

back 10

postganglionic sympathetic, superior cervical ganglion

front 11

Tear production by the lacrimal gland is primarily controlled by ______ innervation from the ______ nerve (CN ______), with postganglionic fibers originating from the ______ ______.

back 11

parasympathetic, facial, VII, pterygopalatine ganglion

front 12

In addition to parasympathetic input, the lacrimal gland also receives ______ innervation, which plays a supporting role in ______ control.

back 12

sympathetic, tear

front 13

Tears contain ______ and ______, which help protect the eye from infection.

back 13

lysozyme, IgA

front 14

Tears drain into the ______ ______, then through the ______ into the ______ ______, which empties via the ______ ______ into the ______ ______ ______.

back 14

lacrimal puncta, canaliculi, lacrimal sac, nasolacrimal duct, inferior nasal meatus

front 15

The orbit is a ______-shaped cavity with its apex located at the ______ ______ in the ______ wing of the ______ bone.

back 15

pyramidal, optic canal, lesser, sphenoid

front 16

The superior wall of the orbit is formed by the ______ portion of the ______ bone, and the medial wall is formed mostly by the ______ bone.

back 16

orbital, frontal, ethmoid

front 17

The lateral wall of the orbit is formed by the ______ portion of the ______ bone and the ______ wing of the ______ bone.

back 17

frontal, zygomatic, greater, sphenoid

front 18

The inferior wall of the orbit is formed mostly by the ______ bone, with additional contributions from the ______ and ______ bones.

back 18

maxillary, zygomatic, palatine

front 19

at what angle do the orbital axes diverage?

______ deg

back 19

45 deg

front 20

The apex of the orbit is located at the ______ ______ in the ______ wing of the ______ bone.

back 20

optic canal, lesser, sphenoid

front 21

A blowout fracture occurs when the ______ walls of the orbit fracture, often involving nearby ______.

back 21

thin, sinuses

front 22

Medial wall ______ fractures involve the ______ bone and can affect the ______ sinuses.

back 22

blowout, ethmoid, ethmoid

front 23

Inferior wall blowout fractures involve the ______ bone and can affect the ______ sinuses.

back 23

maxillary, maxillary

front 24

Superior wall blowout fractures can affect the ______ lobe of the ______.

back 24

frontal, brain

front 25

Bleeding into the orbit posteriorly after a fracture may cause the eye to protrude, a condition called ______.

back 25

exophthalmos

front 26

Exophthalmos is the ______ of the ______, which can be caused by various conditions such as bleeding into the ______ ______.

back 26

protrusion, eyeball, eye socket

front 27

The orbit contains the ______ (periosteum), ______ ______ that provide padding and allow ______ movements, ______ and ______, ______ muscles, the ______ (bulbus oculi), and the ______ apparatus.

back 27

periorbita, orbital fat, eye, nerves, vessels, extraocular, eye, lacrimal

PONEEL

front 28

What is 1?

back 28

superior rectus muscle and fascial sheath

front 29

What is 2?

back 29

lacrimal gland

front 30

What is 3?

back 30

lateral rectus muscle and fascial sheath

front 31

What is 4?

back 31

periorbita

front 32

What is 5?

back 32

sclera

front 33

What is 6?

back 33

retrobulbar fat (orbital fat body)

front 34

What is 7?

back 34

inferior oblique muscle and fascial sheath

front 35

What is 8?

back 35

inferior rectus muscle and fascial sheath

front 36

What is 9?

back 36

sclera

front 37

What is 10?

back 37

periorbita

front 38

What is 11?

back 38

medial rectus muscle and fascial sheath

front 39

What is 12?

back 39

superior oblique muscle and fascial sheath

front 40

What is 13?

back 40

levator palpebrae superioris muscle and fascial sheath

front 41

The major blood supply to the orbit is the ______ artery, which is the first branch of the ______ ______ artery.

back 41

ophthalmic, internal carotid

front 42

The ______ artery of the ______ enters the optic nerve; its occlusion can cause ______ in the eye.

back 42

central, retina, blindness

front 43

What is 1?

back 43

supratrochlear artery

front 44

What is 2?

back 44

supra-orbital artery

front 45

What is 3?

back 45

anterior ciliary artery

front 46

What is 4?

back 46

zygomagitcofacial artery

front 47

What is 5?

back 47

zygomaticotemporal artery

front 48

What is 6?

back 48

long posterior ciliary artery

front 49

What is 7?

back 49

central artery of retina

front 50

What is 8?

back 50

middle meningeal artery

front 51

What is 9?

back 51

lacrimal artery

front 52

What is 10?

back 52

internal carotid artery

front 53

What is 11?

back 53

opthalmic artery

front 54

What is 12?

back 54

optic nerve (CN II)

front 55

What is 13?

back 55

short posterior ciliary artery

front 56

What is 14?

back 56

anterior and posterior

ethmoidal arteries in canals in ethmoid bone

front 57

What is 15?

back 57

dorsal nasal artery

front 58

The ______ artery of the ______ enters the ______ nerve to supply the ______ retina.

back 58

central, retina, optic, inner

front 59

The ______ ______ arteries penetrate the ______ to supply the ______ and ______ retina, including the pigment epithelium and rods and cones.

back 59

posterior ciliary, sclera, choroid, outer

front 60

What is 1?

back 60

supratrochlear artery

front 61

What is 2?

back 61

anterior ethmoidal artery

front 62

What is 3?

back 62

posterior ethmoidal artery

front 63

What is 4?

back 63

continuation of opthalmic artery

front 64

What is 5?

back 64

opthalmic artery

front 65

What is 6?

back 65

internal carotid artery

front 66

What is 7?

back 66

central retinal artery

front 67

What is 8?

back 67

posterior ciliary artery

front 68

What is 9?

back 68

zygomatic branches

front 69

What is 10?

back 69

supraorbital artery

front 70

The ______ artery, a branch of the ______ artery, forms an anastomosis with the ______ artery.

back 70

infraorbital, maxillary, ophthalmic

front 71

What is 1?

back 71

supraorbital artery

front 72

What is 2?

back 72

supratrochlear artery

front 73

What is 3?

back 73

opthalmic artery

front 74

What is 4?

back 74

angular artery

front 75

What is 5?

back 75

infraorbital artery

front 76

What is 6?

back 76

maxillarty artery

front 77

What is 1?

back 77

supra-orbital vein

front 78

What is 2?

back 78

vorticose vein

front 79

What is 3?

back 79

superior ophthalmic vein

front 80

What is 4?

back 80

to cavernous sinus

front 81

What is 5?

back 81

inferior ophthalmic vein

front 82

What is 6?

back 82

to pterygoid venous plexus

front 83

What is 7?

back 83

infra-orbital vein

front 84

What is 8?

back 84

angular vein

front 85

What is 9?

back 85

facial vein

front 86

What is 1?

back 86

pterygoid plexus

front 87

What is 2?

back 87

inferior ophthalmic vein

front 88

What is 3?

back 88

cavernous sinus

front 89

What is 4?

back 89

superior ophthalmic vein

front 90

What is 5?

back 90

nasofrontal vein

front 91

What is 6?

back 91

angular vein

front 92

What is 7?

back 92

facial vein

front 93

The following structures pass through the tendinous ring: the ______ nerve (both superior and inferior divisions, CN ______), the ______ nerve, the ______ nerve (CN ______), the ______ nerve (CN ______), and the ______ artery (within the ______ nerve).

back 93

oculomotor, III, nasociliary, abducent, VI, optic, II, ophthalmic, optic

front 94

The extraocular eye muscles that do not attach to the tendinous ring are the ______ ______ and the ______ ______.

back 94

superior oblique, inferior oblique

front 95

The muscles that attach to the tendinous ring and their functions are:

  • ______ ______: abduction
  • ______ ______: downward gaze
  • ______ ______: adduction
  • ______ ______: upward gaze

back 95

lateral rectus

inferior rectus

medial rectus

superior rectus

front 96

What is 1?

back 96

inferior ophthalmic vein

front 97

What is 2?

back 97

abducens nerve (CN VI)

front 98

What is 3?

back 98

lateral rectus

front 99

What is 4?

back 99

nasociliary nerve

front 100

What is 5?

back 100

oculomotor nerve (CN III), superior division

front 101

What is 6?

back 101

trochlear nerve (CN IV)

front 102

What is 7?

back 102

superior ophthalmic vein

front 103

What is 8?

back 103

superior orbital fissure

front 104

What is 9?

back 104

frontal nerve

front 105

What is 10?

back 105

lacrimal nerve (CN V1)

front 106

What is 11?

back 106

superior rectus

front 107

What is 12?

back 107

levator palpebral superioris

front 108

What is 13?

back 108

optic nerve (CN II)

front 109

What is 14?

back 109

superior oblique

front 110

What is 15?

back 110

medial rectus

front 111

What is 16?

back 111

ophthalmic artery

front 112

What is 17?

back 112

common tendinous ring

front 113

What is 18?

back 113

inferior rectus

front 114

What is 19?

back 114

oculomotor nerve (CN III), inferior divison

front 115

What is 1?

back 115

supratrochlear nerve

front 116

What is 2?

back 116

medial rectus muscle

front 117

What is 3?

back 117

superior oblique muscle

front 118

What is 4?

back 118

infratrochlear nerve

front 119

What is 5?

back 119

nasociliary nerve

front 120

What is 6?

back 120

trochlear nerve (IV)

front 121

What is 7?

back 121

ophthalmic nerve (V1)

front 122

What is 8?

back 122

oculomotor nerve (III)

front 123

What is 9?

back 123

trochlear nerve (IV)

front 124

What is 10?

back 124

abducens nerve (VI)

front 125

What is 11?

back 125

tentorium cerebelli

front 126

What is 12?

back 126

tentorial nerve (meningeal) branch of ophthalmic nerve

front 127

What is 13?

back 127

trigeminal (semilunar) ganglion

front 128

What is 14?

back 128

maxillary nerve (V2)

front 129

What is 15?

back 129

frontal nerve

front 130

What is 16?

back 130

lateral rectus muscle

front 131

What is 17?

back 131

lacrimal nerve

front 132

What is 18?

back 132

superior rectus muscle

front 133

What is 19?

back 133

levator palpebral superioris muscle

front 134

What is 20?

back 134

lateral branch of supraorbital nerve

front 135

What is 21?

back 135

medial branch of supraorbital nerve

front 136

The extrinsic eye muscles and their innervation are:

  • ______ nerve (CN ______): superior rectus, medial rectus, inferior rectus, inferior oblique, and levator palpebrae superioris
  • ______ nerve (CN ______): superior oblique
  • ______ nerve (CN ______): lateral rectus (abducts eye)

back 136

oculomotor, III

trochlear, IV

abducens, VI

front 137

What is 1?

back 137

superior oblique muscle

front 138

What is 2?

back 138

medial rectus muscle

front 139

What is 3?

back 139

inferior rectus muscle

front 140

What is 4?

back 140

common tendinous ring

front 141

What is 5?

back 141

leavtor palpebrae superioris muscle

front 142

What is 6?

back 142

superior rectus muscle

front 143

What is 7?

back 143

optic nerve

front 144

What is 8?

back 144

lateral rectus muscle

front 145

What is 9?

back 145

superior rectus muscle

front 146

What is 10?

back 146

levator palpebrae superioris muscle

front 147

What is 1?

back 147

superior oblique

front 148

What is 2?

back 148

superior rectus

front 149

What is 3?

back 149

medial rectus

front 150

What is 4?

back 150

inferior rectus

front 151

What is 5?

back 151

lateral rectus

front 152

What is 6?

back 152

inferior oblique

front 153

action of medial rectus?
_____ _____

back 153

adduct eyeball

front 154

action of lateral rectus?

_____ _____

back 154

abducts eyeball

front 155

The ______ ______ elevates the eyeball and has secondary actions of ______ and ______ rotation.

back 155

superior rectus, adduction, medial

front 156

The ______ ______ depresses the eyeball and has secondary actions of ______ and ______ rotation.

back 156

inferior rectus, adduction, lateral

front 157

The ______ ______ depresses the eyeball and also ______ and ______ rotates it. It is the primary ______ rotator.

back 157

superior oblique, abducts, medially, medial

front 158

The ______ ______ elevates the eyeball and also ______ and ______ rotates it. It is the primary ______ rotator.

back 158

inferior oblique, abducts, laterally, lateral

front 159

what is the primary medial rotator of the eyeball?

______ ______

back 159

superior oblique

front 160

what is the primary lateral rotator?

______ ______

back 160

inferior oblique

front 161

how do you clinically test superior rectus?

have patient look ______ , then ______

back 161

have patient look laterally, then up

front 162

how do you clinically test inferior rectus?

have patient look ______ , then ______

back 162

have patient look laterally, then down

front 163

how do you clinically test superior oblique?

have patient look ______ , then ______

back 163

have patient look medially, then down

front 164

how do you clinically test inferior oblique?

have patient look ______ , then ______

back 164

have patient look medially, then up

front 165

how do you clinically test medial & lateral recti?

look ______ (medial oblique) & ______ (lateral oblique)

back 165

look medially (medial oblique) & laterally (lateral oblique)

front 166

What is 1?

back 166

superior rectus (III)

front 167

What is 2?

back 167

lateral rectus (VI)

front 168

What is 3?

back 168

inferior rectus (III)

front 169

What is 4?

back 169

inferior oblique (III)

front 170

What is 5?

back 170

medial rectus (III)

front 171

What is 6?

back 171

superior oblique (IV)

front 172

What is 7?

back 172

superior rectus (III)

front 173

What is 8?

back 173

lateral rectus (VI)

front 174

What is 9?

back 174

inferior rectus (III)

front 175

With abducens nerve palsy, during ______ gaze, the affected eye is pulled ______ due to unopposed action of the ______ ______, because the ______ ______ is denervated.

back 175

primary, medially, medial rectus, lateral rectus

front 176

what nerve has been damaged/affected?

back 176

abducent nerve (CN VI) palsy

front 177

In abducent nerve (CN ______) palsy, during ______ gaze, the affected eye is pulled ______ due to unopposed ______ ______.

back 177

VI, primary, medially, medial rectus

front 178

In trochlear nerve palsy:

  • ______ occurs, where the affected eye looks ______ in primary gaze due to denervated ______ ______
  • ______ occurs, where the eye is rotated ______
  • Patients experience ______
  • They tilt their head ______ and ______ from the affected eye to compensate

back 178

hypertropia, upward, superior oblique

extorsion, laterally

diplopia

downward, away

front 179

what nerve has been damaged/affected?

back 179

trochlear nerve (CN IV) palsy

front 180

In oculomotor nerve palsy:

  • The affected eye is positioned ______ and ______ due to unopposed actions of the ______ ______ and ______ ______ muscles
  • The patient cannot ______ the upper eyelid
  • The patient cannot ______ the eye to follow an object toward the face (impaired ______)
  • ______ is present
  • The pupil on the affected side is ______ due to unopposed ______ stimulation of the ______ ______ muscle

back 180

down, out, lateral rectus, superior oblique

elevate

adduct, adduction

diplopia

dilated, sympathetic, dilator pupillae

front 181

What is this?

back 181

oculomotor nerve palsy

front 182

What is 1?

back 182

lacrimal canaliculi

front 183

What is 2?

back 183

lacrimal sac

front 184

What is 3?

back 184

nasolacrimal

front 185

What is 4?

back 185

inferior nasal meatus

front 186

Axons from the _____ act as the afferent part of pupillary reflexes.

back 186

retina

front 187

Pupillary reflexes axons terminate in the _____ area and the _____ _____

back 187

pretectal

superior colliculus

front 188

Some retinal ______ cell axons bypass the ______ ______ nucleus and terminate in the ______ area and the ______ ______. At least some of these axons are involved in ______ reflexes.

back 188

ganglion, lateral geniculate, pretectal, superior colliculus, optic

front 189

In the pupillary light reflex, shining a light into one eye causes the ______ to ______, testing the integrity of ______ innervation to the pupil.

back 189

pupil, constrict, parasympathetic

front 190

The consensual reflex refers to constriction of the pupil in the ______ eye when light is shined into the ______ eye.

back 190

contralateral, opposite

front 191

The consensual reflex is the ______ of the pupil in the ______ eye when light is shined into the ______ eye.

back 191

constriction, contralateral, opposite

front 192

In the accommodation reflex, when a patient looks at a ______ object, the pupils ______ bilaterally.

back 192

near, constrict

front 193

During the accommodation reflex, the ______ muscles contract to allow the ______ to thicken for ______ vision.

back 193

ciliary, lenses, near

front 194

Dilated pupils that do not respond to light suggest unopposed action of the ______ ______ muscle, which is innervated by the ______ nervous system.

back 194

dilator pupillae, sympathetic

front 195

Non-reactive dilated pupils may indicate brainstem damage involving the ______ -______ nucleus.

back 195

Edinger-Westphal

front 196

In presbyopia, the ______ loses its ______ and can no longer ______, making it difficult to focus on ______ objects.

back 196

lens, flexibility, thicken, near

front 197

Under parasympathetic control, the ______ muscles contract, the ______ thickens, and the ______ constrict.

back 197

ciliary, lens, pupils

front 198

The test used to detect Marcus Gunn pupil (afferent pupillary defect) is the ______ ______ test.

back 198

swinging light

front 199

When shining a light into a normal eye during the swinging light test, the pupil in that eye ______ and the pupil in the other eye ______ (consensual light reflex).

back 199

constricts, constricts

front 200

In a normal swinging light test, when the light is swung to the other eye, that pupil should ______ more.

back 200

constrict

front 201

If during the swinging light test the pupil ______ when the light is shined in that eye, it indicates an ______ defect, often due to an ______ nerve problem.

back 201

dilates, afferent, optic

front 202

Argyll Robertson pupils are characterized by small, irregular pupils that fail to ______ to ______ but do constrict during ______.

Argyll Robertson pupils are associated with ______

back 202

constrict, light, accommodation

neurosyphilis