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Anatomy JV Exam 3: Blood Supply to Brain, Dual Sinuses, CSF Flow

front 1

What is 1?

back 1

mesencephalon (midbrain)

front 2

What is 2?

back 2

metencephalon

front 3

What is 3?

back 3

medulla

front 4

What is 4?

back 4

inferior olive

front 5

What is 5?

back 5

pons

front 6

What is 6?

back 6

inferior colliculus

front 7

What is 7?

back 7

superior colliculus

front 8

What is 1?

back 8

mesencephalon

front 9

What is 2?

back 9

pons

front 10

What is 3?

back 10

metencephalon

front 11

What is 4?

back 11

medulla

front 12

What is 5?

back 12

pyramidal decussation

front 13

What is 6?

back 13

pyramids

front 14

What is 7?

back 14

inferior olives

front 15

What is 9?

back 15

cerebral peduncles

front 16

The brain is derived from the ______ ______ located ______ (cranial) to the ______ pair of somites.

back 16

neural tube, rostral, fourth

front 17

The three primary brain vesicles are the ______, the ______, and the ______.

back 17

prosencephalon, mesencephalon, rhombencephalon

front 18

The prosencephalon, or ______, gives rise to the ______ and the ______.

back 18

forebrain, telencephalon, diencephalon

front 19

The mesencephalon, or ______, remains as the ______ in the secondary vesicle stage.

back 19

midbrain, mesencephalon

front 20

The rhombencephalon, or ______, gives rise to the ______ and the ______.

back 20

hindbrain, metencephalon, myelencephalon

front 21

The telencephalon gives rise to the ______ ______ and the ______ ______.

back 21

cerebral cortex, basal ganglia

front 22

The ______ ______ are the remnant of the telencephalon ______.

back 22

lateral ventricles, vesicle

front 23

The diencephalon gives rise to the ______, the ______, and the ______ gland.

back 23

thalamus, hypothalamus, pineal

front 24

The ______ ______ is the remnant of the diencephalon ______.

back 24

third ventricle, vesicle

front 25

The metencephalon gives rise to the ______ and the ______.

back 25

pons, cerebellum

front 26

The ______ ______ is the remnant of the metencephalon ______.

back 26

fourth ventricle, vesicle

front 27

what does the myelencephalon give rise to?

______ ______

back 27

medulla oblongata

front 28

The aqueduct of ______, also known as the ______ ______, is a remnant of the ______ vesicle.

back 28

Sylvius, cerebral aqueduct, mesencephalon

front 29

What is 1?

back 29

frontal lobe

front 30

What is 2?

back 30

temporal lobe

front 31

What is 3?

back 31

anterior fossa

front 32

What is 4?

back 32

lesser wing of sphenoid bone

front 33

What is 5?

back 33

middle fossa

front 34

What is 6?

back 34

petrous ridge of temporal bone

front 35

What is 7?

back 35

foramen magnum

front 36

What is 8?

back 36

posterior fossa

front 37

What is 9?

back 37

cerebellum and brainstem

front 38

The ______ ______ contains the ______ ______ cortex responsible for voluntary movement.

back 38

precentral gyrus, primary motor

front 39

The ______ ______ contains the ______ cortex responsible for processing somatic sensations.

back 39

postcentral gyrus, sensory

front 40

The ______ gyrus of the ______ lobe is involved in ______ and aspects of memory.

back 40

superior, temporal, audition

front 41

The ______ lobe, specifically on the banks of the ______ ______, processes ______ information.

back 41

occipital, calcarine fissure, visual

front 42

What is 1?

back 42

primary motor cortex

front 43

What is 2?

back 43

central sulcus

front 44

What is 3?

back 44

primary somatosenosry cortex

front 45

What is 4?

back 45

parietal lobe

front 46

What is 5?

back 46

occipital lobe

front 47

What is 6?

back 47

primary visual cortex

front 48

What is 7?

back 48

primary auditory cortex

front 49

What is 8?

back 49

temporal lobe

front 50

What is 9?

back 50

sylvian fissure

front 51

What is 10?

back 51

frontal lobe

front 52

The primary motor cortex is located in the ______ ______ and corresponds to Brodmann's area ______.

back 52

precentral gyrus, 4

front 53

The precentral gyrus, where the primary motor cortex resides, is organized ______, meaning specific regions control specific ______ parts.

back 53

somatotopically, body

front 54

Axons from ______ ______ neurons leave the ______ and descend through the ______ ______.

back 54

upper motor, cortex, internal capsule

front 55

After descending through the internal capsule, upper motor neuron axons travel through the ______ ______, enter the ______, and reach the ______ where they form the pyramids.

back 55

cerebral peduncle, pons, medulla

front 56

In the medulla, about ______ percent of fibers cross in the ______ ______ before descending.

back 56

ninety, pyramidal decussation

front 57

After decussation, fibers descend in the ______ ______ tract and synapse on ______ ______ neurons in the ______ horn.

back 57

lateral corticospinal, alpha motor, ventral

front 58

from medial to lateral, describe the motor cortex humunculus:

______ , ______ , ______

______ ,______

______ , ______ , ______ , ______ , ______ , ______

______

______ , ______ , ______ , ______ , ______ , ______ , ______ , ______

back 58

toes, knee, hip

trunk,shoulder

arm, elbow, wrist, hand, fingers, thumb

neck

brow, eye, face, lips, jaw, tongue, pharynx, larynx

front 59

The primary sensory cortex is located in the ______ ______ and corresponds to Brodmann's areas ______, ______, and ______.

back 59

postcentral gyrus, 3, 1, 2

front 60

Like the primary motor cortex, the postcentral gyrus is organized ______, with distinct regions processing input from specific ______ parts.

back 60

somatotopically, body

front 61

The dorsal column pathway carries ______ ______, ______, and ______ sensations, and it crosses in the ______.

back 61

discriminative touch, proprioception, vibration, brainstem

front 62

The anterolateral system, also known as the ______ tract, carries ______ ______, ______, and ______ sensations, and it crosses in the ______ ______.

back 62

spinothalamic, crude touch, pain, temperature, spinal cord

front 63

Both major sensory pathways relay through the ______ before reaching the ______ cortex.

back 63

thalamus, sensory

front 64

from medial to lateral, describe the sensory cortex humunculus:

______ , ______ , ______ , ______ , ______ , ______

______ , ______ , ______ , ______ , ______ , ______

______ , ______ , ______ , ______ , ______ , ______

______ , ______ , ______

______

back 64

genitals, leg, hip, trunk, neck, head

arm, elbow, forearm, hand, fingers, thumb

eye, nose, face, lips, teeth, gums

jaw, tongue, pharynx

abdomen

front 65

An injury to the corticospinal system (pyramidal tract) ______ the pyramidal decussation results in ______ paralysis.

back 65

above, contralateral

front 66

An injury to the corticospinal system ______ the pyramidal decussation results in ______ paralysis ______ the lesion.

back 66

below, ipsilateral, below

front 67

A spinal cord lesion causes loss of ______ crude touch, ______, and ______ below the lesion due to damage to the ______ system.

back 67

contralateral, pain, temperature, anterolateral

front 68

A spinal cord lesion also results in loss of ______ discriminative touch, ______, and ______ below the lesion due to damage to the ______ columns.

back 68

ipsilateral, proprioception, vibration, dorsal

front 69

The internal carotid artery is a branch of the ______ ______ artery, enters the cranial cavity through the ______ ______, passes through the ______ ______, and primarily supplies the ______, ______, and ______.

back 69

common carotid, carotid canal, cavernous sinus, orbit, eye, brain

front 70

The vertebral artery is the first branch of the ______ artery, travels through the transverse foramina of ______ to ______, enters the ______ ______, and joins the opposite vertebral artery to form the ______ artery.

back 70

subclavian, C6, C1, foramen magnum, basilar

front 71

what is the main blood supply of the brain?

______ ______ a.

______ a.

back 71

internal carotid a.

vertebral a.

front 72

What is 1?

back 72

intracranial parts

front 73

What is 2?

back 73

basilar artery

front 74

What is 3?

back 74

posterior cerebral arteries

front 75

What is 4?

back 75

anterior communicating artery

front 76

What is 5?

back 76

anterior cerebral arteries

front 77

What is 6?

back 77

middle cerebral artery

front 78

What is 7?

back 78

origin of opthalmic artery

front 79

What is 8?

back 79

carotid canal

front 80

What is 9?

back 80

internal carotid artery

front 81

What is 10?

back 81

vertebral artery

front 82

What is 11?

back 82

common carotid artery

front 83

What is 12?

back 83

cervical part

front 84

What is 13?

back 84

atlantic part

front 85

What is 14?

back 85

foramen magnum

front 86

What is 1?

back 86

anterior communicating

front 87

What is 2?

back 87

posterior communicating

front 88

What is 3?

back 88

basilar

front 89

What is 4?

back 89

left internal carotid

front 90

What is 5?

back 90

left vertebral

front 91

What is 6?

back 91

left subclavian

front 92

What is 7?

back 92

left common carotid

front 93

What is 8?

back 93

aortic arch

front 94

What is 9?

back 94

brachiocephalic

front 95

What is 10?

back 95

right subclavian

front 96

What is 11?

back 96

right vertebral

front 97

What is 12?

back 97

right common carotid

front 98

What is 13?

back 98

right internal carotid

front 99

What is 14?

back 99

posterior cerebral

front 100

What is 15?

back 100

opthalmic

front 101

What is 16?

back 101

middle cerebral

front 102

What is 17?

back 102

anterior cerebral

front 103

what is the first branch of the internal carotid a.?

____ ____

back 103

ophthalmic a.

front 104

what branches arise from the vertebral artery?

-____ ____ a.

-____ ____ a.

-____ ____ ____ a.

back 104

-anterior spinal a.

-posterior spinal a.

-posterior inferior cerebellar a. "PICA"

front 105

The basilar artery is formed by the fusion of two ______ arteries and travels rostrally on the anterior aspect of the ______.

back 105

vertebral, pons

front 106

Branches of the basilar artery, from caudal to rostral, include the ______ ______ cerebellar arteries, about ______ pontine arteries, and the ______ cerebellar arteries.

back 106

anterior inferior, three, superior

front 107

The basilar artery bifurcates into two ______ ______ arteries.

back 107

posterior cerebral

front 108

The internal carotid artery enters the cranial cavity via the ______ ______ and passes through the ______ ______.

back 108

carotid canal, cavernous sinus

front 109

The terminal branches of the internal carotid artery are the ______ ______ artery, the ______ ______ artery, and the ______ ______ artery.

back 109

posterior communicating, middle cerebral, anterior cerebral

front 110

arteriogram

back 110

1= A = anterior cerebral a

2= M = middle cerebral a.

3= I = internal carotid a.

front 111

The circle of Willis is an anastomosis between the ______ and ______ ______ systems formed at the base of the ______.

back 111

vertebrobasilar, internal carotid, brain

front 112

The circle of Willis is formed by the ______ ______ artery connecting the left and right ______ ______ arteries.

back 112

anterior communicating, anterior cerebral

front 113

The ______ ______ arteries, one on each side, connect the internal carotid artery to the ______ ______ artery.

back 113

posterior communicating, posterior cerebral

front 114

What is 1?

back 114

anterior cerebral

front 115

What is 2?

back 115

opthalmic

front 116

What is 3?

back 116

middle cerebral

front 117

What is 4?

back 117

internal carotid

front 118

What is 5?

back 118

posterior communicating

front 119

What is 6?

back 119

posterior cerebral

front 120

What is 7?

back 120

superior cerebellar

front 121

What is 8?

back 121

basilar

front 122

What is 9?

back 122

anterior inferior cerebellar

front 123

What is 10?

back 123

posterior inferior cerebellar

front 124

What is 11?

back 124

vertebral

front 125

What is 12?

back 125

anterior spinal

front 126

What is 13?

back 126

labyrinthine artery

front 127

What is 14?

back 127

anteiror communicating

front 128

What is 1?

back 128

frontal lobe

front 129

What is 2?

back 129

anterior cerebral artery

front 130

What is 3?

back 130

anterior communicating artery

front 131

What is 4?

back 131

anterior cerebral artery

front 132

What is 5?

back 132

middle cerebral artery

front 133

What is 6?

back 133

posterior communicating artery

front 134

What is 7?

back 134

oculomotor nerve (CN 3)

front 135

What is 8?

back 135

trochlear nerve (CN IV)

front 136

What is 9?

back 136

trigeminal nerve (CN 5)

front 137

What is 10?

back 137

basilar artery

front 138

What is 11?

back 138

labyrinthine artery

front 139

What is 12?

back 139

anterior inferior

posterior inferior

(these are the cerebellar arteries)

front 140

What is 13?

back 140

vertebral artery

front 141

What is 14?

back 141

anterior spinal artery

front 142

What is 15?

back 142

hypoglossal nerve (CN 12)

front 143

What is 16?

back 143

spinal accessory nerve (CN 11)

front 144

What is 17?

back 144

vagus nerve (CN 10)

front 145

What is 18?

back 145

glossopharyngeal nerve (cn 9)

front 146

What is 19?

back 146

vestibulocochlear nerve (CN 8)

front 147

What is 20?

back 147

facial nerve (CN 7)

front 148

What is 21?

back 148

abducent nerve (CN 6)

front 149

What is 22?

back 149

superior cerebellar artery

front 150

What is 23?

back 150

posterior cerebral artery

front 151

What is 24?

back 151

temporal lobe

front 152

What is 25

back 152

internal carotid artery

front 153

What is 26?

back 153

optic nerve (CN 2)

front 154

What is 27?

back 154

corpus callosum

front 155

What is 28?

back 155

olfactory bulb and tract

front 156

What is 1?

back 156

middle cerebral artery

front 157

What is 2?

back 157

internal carotid arteries

front 158

What is 3?

back 158

basilar artery

front 159

What is 4?

back 159

vertebral arteries

front 160

What is 1?

back 160

anterior cerebral arteries

front 161

What is 2?

back 161

internal carotid artery

front 162

What is 3?

back 162

posterior cerebral artery

front 163

What is 4?

back 163

superior cerebellar artery

front 164

What is 5?

back 164

basilar and pontine arteries

front 165

What is 6?

back 165

vertebral artery

front 166

What is 7?

back 166

posteior inferior cerebrellar artery

front 167

What is 8?

back 167

anteior spinal artery

front 168

What is 9?

back 168

posterior spinal artery

front 169

What is 10?

back 169

anterior inferior cerebellar artery

front 170

What is 11?

back 170

posterior communicating artery

front 171

What is 12?

back 171

anterior communicating artery

front 172

What is 13?

back 172

middle cerebral artery and branches

front 173

an aneurysm to which artery might cause compression/damage to abducens n. (CN VI)?

______ ______ ______ artery

back 173

anterior inferior cerebellar artery

front 174

aneurysm to which artery might cause compression/damage to oculomotor n (CN III)?

______ ______ or ______ ______ arteries

back 174

posterior cerebral or superior cerebellar arteries

front 175

What is 1?

back 175

subarachnoid space

front 176

What is 2?

back 176

dura mater

arachnoid mater

pia mater

front 177

What is 3?

back 177

skull

front 178

What is 4?

back 178

intracranial venous structure (superior sagittal sinus)

front 179

What is 5?

back 179

inner meningeal layer of dura mater

front 180

What is 6?

back 180

outer periosteal layer of dura mater

front 181

What is 7?

back 181

dura partition (falx cerebri)

front 182

The falx cerebri is a crescent-shaped ______ specialization that projects downward between the ______ ______.

back 182

dural, cerebral hemispheres

front 183

Anteriorly, the falx cerebri attaches to the ______ ______ of the ethmoid bone and the ______ ______ of the frontal bone.

back 183

crista galli, frontal crest

front 184

Posteriorly, the falx cerebri attaches to and blends with the ______ ______.

back 184

tentorium cerebelli

front 185

what sinuses traverse the falx cerebri?

______ & ______ ______ sinuses

back 185

superior & inferior sagittal sinuses

front 186

What is 1?

back 186

tentorium cerebelli

front 187

What is 2?

back 187

falx cerebri

front 188

What is 3?

back 188

infundibulum

front 189

What is 4?

back 189

diaphragma sellae

front 190

What is 5?

back 190

tentorium cerebelli

front 191

What is 6?

back 191

falx cerebelli

front 192

What is 7?

back 192

tentorial notch

front 193

what structure separates the cerebellum from the overlying posterior lobes of the cerebral hemispheres?

______ cerebelli - ______ shelf of ______ dura

back 193

tentorium cerebelli - horizontal shelf of meningeal dura

front 194

The tentorium cerebelli is a horizontal shelf of ______ ______ that separates the ______ from the overlying posterior lobes of the ______ ______.

back 194

meningeal dura, cerebellum, cerebral hemispheres

front 195

The tentorium cerebelli attaches posteriorly to the ______ bone, laterally to the superior border of the ______ part of the ______ bone, and anteriorly and medially forms the ______ ______ where the ______ passes through.

back 195

occipital, petrous, temporal, tentorial notch, midbrain

front 196

what structures pass through the tentorial notch?

______

______ ______

back 196

midbrain

basilar artery

front 197

Transtentorial herniation is the herniation of the ______ ______ lobe and ______ through the ______ ______.

back 197

medial temporal, uncus, tentorial notch

front 198

A common type of transtentorial herniation is ______ herniation.

back 198

uncal

front 199

Uncal herniation is a common type of ______ herniation involving the ______ ______ lobe and ______ passing through the ______ ______.

back 199

transtentorial, medial temporal, uncus, tentorial notch

front 200

The clinical triad of uncal herniation includes a ______ pupil due to compression of the ______ complex, ______ from compression of the cerebral ______, and ______ due to distortion of the midbrain ______ system.

back 200

blown, oculomotor nuclear, hemiplegia, peduncles, coma, reticular

front 201

What is 1?

back 201

tentorial notch

front 202

What is 2?

back 202

tentorium cerebelli

front 203

The diaphragma sellae is a small, horizontal shelf of ______ ______ that covers the ______ ______ of the ______ ______.

back 203

meningeal dura, hypophyseal fossa, sella turcica

front 204

The ______ passes through a small opening in the diaphragma sellae within the ______ ______.

back 204

infundibulum, sella turcica

front 205

What is 1?

back 205

cut anterior falx cerebri

front 206

What is 2?

back 206

infundibular stalk projecting through the sella turcica

front 207

What is 3?

back 207

tentorium cerebelli has been cut to allow the removal of the cerebellum

front 208

An epidural hemorrhage, also called an ______ hemorrhage, is a ______-shaped accumulation of blood between the ______ of the calvarium and the ______ layer of the dura.

back 208

extradural, lens, bone, periosteal

front 209

Epidural hemorrhage is usually caused by tearing of the ______ ______ artery, particularly its ______ branch, due to trauma to the ______.

back 209

middle meningeal, anterior, pterion

front 210

In an epidural hemorrhage, blood slowly separates the ______ ______ from the underlying ______.

back 210

periosteal dura, bone

front 211

what has happened to this patient?

back 211

epidural/extradural hemorrhage

front 212

The dura is mostly innervated by the ______ nerve (CN ______), except for the ______ ______.

back 212

trigeminal, V, posterior fossa

front 213

The posterior fossa of the dura, below the ______, is innervated by cervical nerves ______ and ______, which enter through the ______ ______, ______ canal, and ______ foramen.

back 213

tentorium, C2, C3, foramen magnum, hypoglossal, jugular

front 214

The brain itself has no ______ or ______ receptors and is therefore ______.

back 214

touch, pain, insensate

front 215

What is 1?

back 215

anterior ethmoidal nerve

front 216

What is 2?

back 216

posterior ethmoidal nerve

front 217

What is 3?

back 217

C2,C3 fibers

front 218

What is 4?

back 218

C2,C3 fibers distributed by CN XII

front 219

What is 5?

back 219

C2 fibers distributed by CN X

front 220

What is 6?

back 220

tentorial nerve (recurrent meningeal branch of opthalmic nerve-CN v3)

front 221

What is 7?

back 221

meningeal branches of mandibular nerve (CN V3) (including nervus spinosus)

front 222

What is 8?

back 222

meningeal branch of maxillary nerve (CN V2)

front 223

What is 9?

back 223

anterior meningeal branches of ethmoidal nerve (CN V1)

front 224

what attaches the arachnoid to pia?

___ ___ - "look like spider webs"

back 224

fine trabeculae - "look like spider webs"

front 225

within what layer of mater do BVs travel?

_____ space - between _____ & _____ _____

back 225

subarachnoid space - between arachnoid & pia mater

front 226

A subdural bleed is a crescent-shaped hemorrhage caused by torn ______ veins, filling the potential ______ space between the ______ and ______ mater.

back 226

emissary, subdural, dura, arachnoid

front 227

Subdural hemorrhage typically occurs in ______ individuals due to brain ______, which increases the space between the brain and ______, straining veins that connect to the ______ ______ sinuses.

back 227

older, atrophy, arachnoid, dural venous

front 228

The history of a subdural bleed may involve a ______ injury, with or without ______ of ______.

back 228

trivial, loss, consciousness

front 229

what happened to this patient?

back 229

subdural bleed/hemorrhage

front 230

subdural vs epidural bleed (shape of pooled blood)

subdural - ______ shaped
epidural/extradural - ______ shaped

back 230

cresent

lens

front 231

A subarachnoid bleed is a hemorrhage of ______ blood in the ______ space that flows between ______ of the brain into the ______ and accumulates ______.

back 231

arterial, subarachnoid, gyri, sulci, rapidly

front 232

Subarachnoid hemorrhage is frequently caused by the bursting of a ______ ______ and may also result from ______ head trauma.

back 232

cerebral aneurysm, significant

front 233

what has happened to this patient? what most likely caused this injury?

back 233

subarachnoid bleed/hemorrhage

significant head trauma

front 234

The four typical sites of brain herniation are: ______ (under the falx cerebri), ______ (downward herniation of the brainstem), ______ (medial temporal lobe and uncus through the tentorial notch), and ______ (cerebellar tonsil through the foramen magnum).

back 234

subfalcine, central, uncal, tonsillar

front 235

Cushing’s triad is a classic sign of elevated ______ ______ and includes ______, ______, and ______.

back 235

intracranial pressure, hypertension, bradycardia, irregular respiration

front 236

In Cushing’s triad, hypertension is a reflex to maintain ______ ______, bradycardia is a reflex response to ______, and irregular respiration indicates impaired ______ function.

back 236

cerebral perfusion, hypertension, brainstem

front 237

Dural venous sinuses are ______-lined spaces located between layers of the ______ that drain blood into the ______ ______ veins via the ______ foramen.

back 237

endothelial, dura, internal jugular, jugular

front 238

What is 1?

back 238

beginning of superior sagittal sinus

front 239

What is 2?

back 239

supra-orbital vein

front 240

What is 3?

back 240

superior opthalmic vein

front 241

What is 4?

back 241

cavernous sinus

front 242

What is 5?

back 242

inferior opthalmic vein

front 243

What is 6?

back 243

pterygoid venous plexus

front 244

What is 7?

back 244

maxillary vein

front 245

What is 8?

back 245

deep facial veins

front 246

What is 9?

back 246

facial vein

front 247

What is 10?

back 247

sigmoid sinus

front 248

What is 11?

back 248

occipital sinus

front 249

What is 12?

back 249

superior and inferior petrosal sinuses

front 250

What is 13?

back 250

transverse sinus

front 251

What is 14?

back 251

straight sinus

front 252

What is 15?

back 252

tentorium cerebelli (inferior surface)

front 253

What is 16?

back 253

great cerebral vein

front 254

What is 17?

back 254

inferior sagittal sinus

front 255

What is 18?

back 255

falx cerebri (cerebral falx)

front 256

What is 19?

back 256

superior sagittal sinus

front 257

The straight sinus is formed by the junction of the ______ ______ vein (of Galen) and the ______ ______ sinus.

back 257

great cerebral, inferior sagittal

front 258

The straight sinus drains into the ______ of sinuses.

back 258

confluence

front 259

what drains the confluence of sinuses?

______ ______

back 259

transverse sinuses

front 260

The sigmoid sinus receives blood from the ______ sinus and the ______ and ______ petrosal sinuses.

back 260

transverse, superior, inferior

front 261

The sigmoid sinus empties its blood into the ______ ______ vein.

back 261

internal jugular

front 262

The structures that pass through the cavernous sinus are the ______ ______ artery and the ______ nerve (CN ______).

back 262

internal carotid, abducens, VI

front 263

The structures that pass along the wall of the cavernous sinus are the ______ nerve (CN ______), the ______ nerve (CN ______), the ______ division (CN ______₁), and the ______ division (CN ______₂) of the trigeminal nerve.

back 263

oculomotor, III, trochlear, IV, ophthalmic, V1, maxillary, V2

front 264

what structure lies lateral to the body of the sphenoid bone on either side of the sella turcica?

______ ______

back 264

cavernous sinus

front 265

Cavernous sinus syndrome can occur due to metastases from ______, ______, and ______ cancers or from a ______ artery aneurysm in the cavernous sinus.

back 265

breast, prostate, lung, carotid

front 266

Symptoms of cavernous sinus syndrome include ______ (double vision), painful ______, and possible ______ sensory loss.

back 266

diplopia, ophthalmoplegia, trigeminal

front 267

what cancers can metastasize to the cavernous sinus?

______ , ______ , & ______ ______

back 267

breast, prostate, & lung cancer

front 268

The four ventricles of the brain are CSF-filled spaces including two ______ ventricles, one ______ ventricle, and one ______ ventricle.

back 268

lateral, third, fourth

front 269

The two lateral ventricles are located in each ______ ______, the third ventricle is between the ______, and the fourth ventricle is in the region of the ______ beneath the ______.

back 269

cerebral hemisphere, diencephalons, pons, cerebellum

front 270

What is 1?

back 270

frontal lobe cortex

front 271

What is 2?

back 271

frontal lobe (white matter)

front 272

What is 3?

back 272

anterior horn of lateral ventricle

front 273

What is 4?

back 273

head of caudate nucleus

front 274

What is 5?

back 274

septum pellucidum

front 275

What is 6?

back 275

column of fornix

front 276

What is 7?

back 276

thalamus

front 277

What is 8?

back 277

3rd ventricle

front 278

What is 9?

back 278

choroid plexus

front 279

What is 10?

back 279

posterior horn of lateral ventricle

front 280

CSF is produced in the ______ ventricles (~500 cc per day) and flows to the ______ ventricle via the foramina of ______.

back 280

lateral, third, Monro

front 281

CSF flows from the third ventricle to the fourth ventricle through the aqueduct of ______.

back 281

Sylvius

front 282

CSF leaves the fourth ventricle via the median foramen of ______ and the two lateral foramina of ______.

back 282

Magendie, Luschka

front 283

CSF is reabsorbed by the ______ ______ in the ______ ______ sinus.

back 283

arachnoid villi, superior sagittal

front 284

What is 1?

back 284

superior sagittal sinus

front 285

What is 2?

back 285

fourth ventricle

front 286

What is 3?

back 286

foramen of magendie (medial foramen)

front 287

What is 4?

back 287

aqueduct of sylvius (cerebral aqueduct)

front 288

What is 5?

back 288

foramen of monro (interventricular foramen)

front 289

What is 6?

back 289

third ventricle

front 290

What is 7?

back 290

laterla ventricle

front 291

What is 8?

back 291

subarachnoid space

front 292

CSF is reabsorbed in the ______ ______ (also called ______) located in the ______ ______ sinus.

back 292

arachnoid villi, granulations, superior sagittal

front 293

Hydrocephalus is the buildup of ______ in the brain caused by congenital obstruction of the aqueduct of ______ or by ______.

back 293

CSF, Sylvius, tumors

front 294

In young children, before the skull sutures fuse, hydrocephalus causes ______ swelling and can severely damage ______ tissue.

back 294

head, brain

front 295

what has happened to this patient?

back 295

hydrocephalus

front 296

The anterior cranial fossa is supplied by the ______ meningeal arteries, which are branches of the ______ arteries.

back 296

anterior, ethmoidal

front 297

The middle cranial fossa is supplied by the ______ and ______ meningeal arteries, branches of the ______ artery.

back 297

middle, accessory, maxillary

front 298

The middle meningeal artery enters the skull through the ______ ______, while the accessory meningeal artery enters through the ______ ______.

back 298

foramen spinosum, foramen ovale

front 299

The posterior meningeal artery is a branch of the ______ ______ artery.

back 299

ascending pharyngeal

front 300

The corticobulbar tract is an upper motor neuron tract for the ______ with predominantly ______ projections and some ______ projections.

back 300

head, crossed, bilateral

front 301

The corticobulbar tract does not synapse in the ______, ______, or ______ nuclei.

back 301

oculomotor, trochlear, abducens

front 302

The lower part of the ______ nucleus and the ______ nucleus receive crossed corticobulbar tract input.

back 302

facial, hypoglossal

front 303

The ______ ______, motor nucleus for the pharynx and larynx, receives ______ projections via the corticobulbar tract.

back 303

nucleus ambiguus, bilateral

front 304

The trigeminothalamic tract is the head equivalent of the ______ tract. Its primary afferent neurons have cell bodies in the ______ ______ and other sensory ganglia.

back 304

anterolateral, trigeminal ganglion

front 305

In the trigeminothalamic tract, second-order neuron axons ascend and synapse on the ______ ______ nucleus of the ______.

back 305

posteromedial, thalamus

front 306

Third-order neurons of the trigeminothalamic tract project to the ______ ______.

back 306

sensory cortex

front 307

The trigeminal lemniscus is the head equivalent of the ______ ______ pathway.

back 307

dorsal column

front 308

Primary afferent axons for fine touch and vibratory sense synapse in the ______ sensory nucleus of CN V.

back 308

chief

front 309

Primary afferent axons for proprioception have cell bodies in the ______ nucleus of CN V.

back 309

mesencephalic

front 310

Second-order neurons of the trigeminal lemniscus synapse in the ______ nucleus of the thalamus. Third-order neurons of the trigeminal lemniscus project to the ______ ______.

back 310

VPM

sensory cortex