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Anatomy JV Exam 3: Posterior Triangle

front 1

The posterior triangle is bounded anteriorly by the posterior border of the _____, posteriorly by the anterior border of the _____, and inferiorly by the middle third of the _____.

back 1

SCM, trapezius, clavicle

front 2

The superior boundary of the posterior triangle is the _____ bone, just posterior to the _____ process.

back 2

occipital, mastoid

front 3

The roof of the posterior triangle is formed by the _____ layer of the _____ fascia.

back 3

investing, cervical

front 4

The floor of the posterior triangle is formed by the _____ layer of deep cervical fascia covering the deep _____ muscles.

back 4

prevertebral, neck

front 5

what are the muscles of the posterior triangle?

-_____ _____ , _____ _____ , _____ _____ , _____ _____ , _____ _____ , _____ _____ _____

back 5

-splenius capitus, levator scapulae, posterior scalene, middle scalene, anterior scalene, omohyoid inferior belly

front 6

What is 1?

back 6

sternocleidomastoid muscle

front 7

What is 2?

back 7

anterior scalene muscle

front 8

What is 3?

back 8

middle scalene muscle

front 9

What is 4?

back 9

clavicle

front 10

What is 5?

back 10

inferior belly of omohyoid muscle

front 11

What is 6?

back 11

acromion

front 12

What is 7?

back 12

trapezius muscle

front 13

What is 8?

back 13

posterior scalene muscle

front 14

What is 9?

back 14

levator scapulae muscle

front 15

What is 10?

back 15

splenius capitus muscle

front 16

what fascial layer covers/encloses the muscles of the posterior triangle?

____ ____

back 16

prevertebral fascia

front 17

what structure subdivides the posterior triangle & into what?

____ ____ of ____ ____

back 17

inferior belly of omohyoid muscle

front 18

The inferior belly of the omohyoid divides the posterior triangle into the _____ triangle and the _____ triangle (also called the omoclavicular or subclavian triangle).

back 18

occipital, supraclavicular

front 19

What is 1?

back 19

sternocleidomastoid muscle

front 20

What is 2?

back 20

occipital triangle

front 21

What is 3?

back 21

omoclavicular or subclavian triangle

front 22

What is 4?

back 22

trapezius muscle

front 23

What is 5?

back 23

inferior belly of omohyoid muscle

front 24

What is 6?

back 24

superior belly of omohyoid muscle

front 25

What is 7?

back 25

hyoid bone

front 26

The omohyoid muscle originates from the superior border of the _____ and inserts onto the inferior border of the _____ bone.

back 26

scapula, hyoid

front 27

The omohyoid is innervated by the _____ _____, which arises from the anterior rami of spinal nerves _____ to _____.

back 27

ansa cervicalis, C1, C3

front 28

The omohyoid muscle functions to _____ and _____ the hyoid bone.

back 28

depress, stabilize

front 29

The omohyoid has two _____ connected by an intermediate _____ and separated by a fascial _____.

back 29

bellies, tendon, sling

front 30

The scalene muscles originate from the _____ of the cervical _____ processes.

back 30

tubercles, transverse

front 31

The anterior and middle scalenes insert on the _____ rib, while the posterior scalene inserts on the _____ rib.

back 31

first, second

front 32

The scalene muscles are innervated by the anterior rami of spinal nerves _____ through _____.

back 32

C3, C7

front 33

The scalene muscles act to _____ the ribs during inspiration and to _____ the neck.

back 33

elevate, flex

front 34

The subclavian vein lies _____ to the anterior scalene, while the subclavian artery lies _____ to the anterior scalene.

back 34

anterior, posterior

front 35

The subclavian _____ is more accessible because it is not 'protected' by the anterior scalene muscle, unlike the subclavian _____.

back 35

vein, artery

front 36

The _____ nerve travels along the _____ surface of the anterior scalene muscle.

back 36

phrenic, anterior

front 37

What is 1?

back 37

rectus capitis anterior muscle

front 38

What is 2?

back 38

rectus capitis lateralis muscle

front 39

What is 3?

back 39

longus capitis muscle

front 40

What is 4?

back 40

levator scapulae muscle

front 41

What is 5?

back 41

longus colli muscle

front 42

What is 6?

back 42

anterior

middle

posterior

front 43

What is 7?

back 43

phrenic nerve

front 44

The posterior triangle contains three main arteries: the _____ _____ artery, the _____ cervical artery, and the _____ artery.

back 44

dorsal scapular, transverse, suprascapular

front 45

What is 1?

back 45

sternocleidomastoid muscle

front 46

What is 2?

back 46

trapezius muscle

front 47

What is 3?

back 47

middle scalene muscle

front 48

What is 4?

back 48

phrenic nerve

front 49

What is 5?

back 49

transverse cervical artery

front 50

What is 6?

back 50

brachial plexus

front 51

What is 7?

back 51

suprascapular artery

front 52

What is 8?

back 52

3rd part of subclavian artery

front 53

What is 9?

back 53

anterior scalene muscle

front 54

What is 10?

back 54

subclavian vein

front 55

What is 11?

back 55

clavicle

front 56

What is 12?

back 56

external jugular vein

front 57

What is 13?

back 57

1st part of subclavian artery

front 58

What is 14?

back 58

thyrocervical trunk

front 59

What is 15?

back 59

vagus nerve

front 60

What is 16?

back 60

inferior thyroid artery

front 61

What is 17?

back 61

common carotid artery

front 62

What is 18?

back 62

internal jugular vein

front 63

The spinal accessory nerve (CN XI) innervates the _____ and the _____ muscles.

back 63

SCM, trapezius

front 64

The transverse cervical nerve (C2–C3) provides sensory _____ to the skin over the _____ triangle.

back 64

innervation, anterior

front 65

The great auricular nerve (C2–C3) innervates the skin over the _____ gland and around the _____.

back 65

parotid, auricle

front 66

The supraclavicular nerve (C3–C4) pierces the _____ muscle to supply skin over the _____, shoulder, and as far inferiorly as rib _____.

back 66

platysma, clavicle, two

front 67

The lesser occipital nerve (C2–C3) supplies the skin of the _____ scalp, posterior to the _____.

back 67

lateral, auricle

front 68

What is 1?

back 68

lesser occipital nerve

front 69

What is 2?

back 69

great auricular nerve

front 70

What is 3?

back 70

accessory nerve

front 71

What is 4?

back 71

supraclavicular nerves

front 72

the accessory nerve lies on what surface of what muscle?

_____ _____ of _____ _____

back 72

anterior surface of levator scauplae

front 73

the axillary fascia is a continuation of what fascial layer?

_____ _____, carried by the _____ _____

back 73

prevertebral fascia, carried by the brachial plexus

front 74

The brachial plexus passes between the _____ and _____ scalene muscles.

back 74

anterior, middle

front 75

The _____ of the brachial plexus cross the _____ of the posterior triangle.

back 75

trunks, base

front 76

what branches of the brachial plexus [may] appear in the posterior triangle?

_____ to _____ , _____ _____ nerve, _____ _____ nerve, _____ nerve

back 76

-nerve to subclavius, dorsal scapular nerve, long thoracic nerve, suprascapular nerve

(NooDLeS - w/o vowels)

front 77

The superior root of the ansa cervicalis is formed by spinal nerves _____ and _____.

back 77

C1, C2

front 78

The inferior root of the ansa cervicalis arises from spinal nerves _____ and _____.

back 78

C2, C3

front 79

The transverse cervical and great auricular nerves are both formed from spinal nerves _____ and _____.

back 79

C2, C3

front 80

The lesser occipital nerve is mainly derived from _____, but also receives contribution from _____.

back 80

C2, C3

front 81

The supraclavicular nerve arises from spinal nerves _____ and _____.

back 81

C3, C4

front 82

The phrenic nerve is formed by spinal nerves _____ through _____.

back 82

C3, C5

front 83

What is 1?

back 83

lesser occipital nerve

front 84

What is 2?

back 84

great auricular nerve

front 85

What is 3?

back 85

phrenic nerve

front 86

What is 4?

back 86

supraclavicular nerve

front 87

What is 5?

back 87

inferior root of ansa cervicalis

front 88

What is 6?

back 88

transverse cervical nerve

front 89

What is 7?

back 89

superior root of ansa cervicalis

front 90

what muscles are innervated by branches from the ansa cervicalis?

_____, _____, _____

back 90

sternohyoid, omohyoid, sternothyroid

front 91

What is 1?

back 91

C1

C2

C3

front 92

What is 2?

back 92

inferior root of ansa cervicalis

front 93

What is 3?

back 93

omohyoid muscle (inferior belly)

front 94

What is 4?

back 94

sternothyroid muscle

front 95

What is 5?

back 95

sternohyoid muscle

front 96

What is 6?

back 96

superior root of ansa cervicalis

front 97

What is 7?

back 97

omohyoid muscle (superior belly)

front 98

What is 8?

back 98

thyrohyoid muscle

front 99

What is 9?

back 99

hypoglossal nerve

front 100

Erb’s point, also known as the “nerve point” of the _____, is the site for a cervical _____ nerve block.

back 100

neck, plexus

front 101

To perform a cervical plexus nerve block at Erb’s point, the anesthetic is injected along the _____ border of the _____, typically near its inferior third.

back 101

posterior, SCM

front 102

Torticollis is a _____ or _____ of the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle, causing _____ and lateral _____ of the neck and head.

back 102

contraction, shortening, rotation, flexion

front 103

Congenital torticollis usually appears _____ or shortly after _____. It is most commonly caused by fibrous tissue developing in the _____ before birth.

back 103

before, birth, SCM

front 104

In some cases of congenital torticollis, tearing of SCM fibers during _____ leads to a _____, which becomes fibrotic and entraps a branch of the _____ nerve (CN XI).

back 104

birth, hematoma, spinal accessory

front 105

Spasmodic torticollis differs from congenital and typically occurs _____ in _____.

back 105

later, life

front 106

Sibson’s fascia, also called the _____ membrane, is an extension of the _____ fascia.

back 106

suprapleural, endothoracic

front 107

Sibson’s fascia provides apical support for the _____ cavity at the root of the _____.

back 107

pleural, neck

front 108

Sibson’s fascia covers the superior surface of the cervical _____, also known as the _____.

back 108

pleura, cupula

front 109

Descending into the thoracic cavity, the _____ and _____ nerves lie between the _____ artery and _____ vein.

back 109

phrenic, vagus, subclavian, subclavian

front 110

what nerve crosses anteriorly to the anterior scalene?

_____ _____

back 110

phrenic nerve

front 111

What is 1?

back 111

thyroid cartilage

front 112

What is 2?

back 112

common carotid artery

front 113

What is 3?

back 113

thyroid gland left lobe (elevated)

front 114

What is 4?

back 114

left recurrent laryngeal nerve

front 115

What is 5?

back 115

left vagus nerve (x)

front 116

What is 6?

back 116

trachea

front 117

What is 7?

back 117

brachiocephalic vein

front 118

What is 8?

back 118

subclavian vein

front 119

What is 9?

back 119

phrenic nerve

front 120

The rectus capitis anterior muscle _____ the head, while the rectus capitis lateralis muscle _____ the head _____ .

back 120

flexes, flexes, laterally

front 121

The longus capitis muscle _____ the head, and the longus colli muscle flexes the neck anteriorly, laterally, and causes slight _____ to the _____ side.

back 121

flexes, rotation, opposite

front 122

All prevertebral muscles are innervated by the anterior rami of spinal nerves _____ through _____.

back 122

C1, C6

front 123

The cervical part of the sympathetic trunk lies _____ to the longus colli and longus capitis muscles. The cervical sympathetic trunk lies _____ to the common carotid artery.

back 123

anterior

posterior

front 124

The cervical sympathetic trunk contains only _____ rami communicantes and does not have any _____ rami communicantes.

back 124

gray, white

front 125

What is 1?

back 125

superior cervical ganglion

front 126

What is 2?

back 126

sympathetic trunk

front 127

What is 3?

back 127

middle cervical ganglion

front 128

What is 4?

back 128

inferior cervical ganglion

front 129

What is 5?

back 129

left vagus nerve

front 130

What is 6?

back 130

left brachiocephalic vein

front 131

What is 7?

back 131

brachial plexus

front 132

What is 8?

back 132

subclavian vein

front 133

What is 9?

back 133

subclavian artery

front 134

What is 10?

back 134

phrenic nerve

front 135

The superior cervical ganglion is located anterior to the _____ and _____ vertebrae.

back 135

C1, C2

front 136

Preganglionic fibers to the superior cervical ganglion originate only from spinal nerve _____.

back 136

T1

front 137

Postganglionic fibers from the superior cervical ganglion travel via gray rami to spinal nerves _____ through _____.

back 137

C1, C4

front 138

Postganglionic fibers from the superior cervical ganglion also follow the _____ _____ artery forming the internal carotid plexus.

back 138

internal carotid

front 139

Other targets of postganglionic fibers from the superior cervical ganglion include the carotid _____ and _____, the _____, and the heart as the superior _____ nerves.

back 139

body, sinus, pharynx, cardiac

front 140

what structure loops around the subclavian a. to connect the middle & inferior cervical ganglia?

_____ _____

back 140

ansa subclavia

front 141

The middle cervical ganglion lies anterior to the _____ vertebra.

back 141

C6

front 142

The middle cervical ganglion sends gray rami communicantes to spinal nerves _____ and _____.

back 142

C5, C6

front 143

Postganglionic fibers from the middle cervical ganglion _____ to the heart as the _____ _____ _____ .

back 143

contribute, middle cardiac nerves

front 144

The _____ cervical ganglion is very large and often fused with the _____ thoracic ganglion, forming the _____ ganglion.

back 144

inferior, first, cervicothoracic

front 145

The inferior cervical ganglion sends gray rami communicantes to spinal nerves _____ and _____.

back 145

C7, C8

front 146

Branches from the inferior cervical ganglion follow the _____ artery and supply the _____ as the _____ cardiac nerves.

back 146

vertebral, heart, inferior

front 147

The stellate ganglion is also known as the _____ ganglion.

back 147

cervicothoracic

front 148

The stellate ganglion refers to the _____ cervical ganglion when fused with the _____ thoracic ganglion.

back 148

inferior, first

front 149

The stellate ganglion fusion occurs in approximately _____% of people.

back 149

80

front 150

The costocervical trunk branches from the _____ part of the _____ artery on the left side.

back 150

first, subclavian

front 151

The costocervical trunk branches from the _____ part of the _____ artery on the right side.

back 151

second, subclavian

front 152

What is 1?

back 152

vertebral artery

front 153

What is 2?

back 153

inferior thryroid artery

front 154

What is 3?

back 154

deep cervical artery

front 155

What is 4?

back 155

supreme intercostal artery

front 156

What is 5?

back 156

costocervical trunk

front 157

What is 6?

back 157

thyrocervical trunk

front 158

What is 7?

back 158

right subclavian artery

front 159

What is 8?

back 159

esophagus

front 160

What is 9?

back 160

trachea

front 161

What is 10?

back 161

ascending cervical artery

front 162

What is 11?

back 162

anterior scalene muscle

front 163

What is 12?

back 163

transverse cervical artery

front 164

What is 13?

back 164

suprascapular artery

front 165

What is 14?

back 165

left subclavian artery

front 166

What is 15?

back 166

internal thoracic artery

front 167

What is 16?

back 167

left common carotid artery

front 168

The first branch of the subclavian artery is the _____ artery, which ascends and enters the foramina of the transverse processes of vertebrae _____ through _____. It then turns medially, crossing the posterior arch of the _____ (C1), before passing through the _____ _____.

back 168

vertebral, C6, C1, atlas, foramen magnum

front 169

The ascending cervical artery is a branch of the _____ _____ artery, which arises from the _____ trunk, the _____ branch of the subclavian artery.

back 169

inferior thyroid, thyrocervical, second

front 170

The third branch of the subclavian artery is the _____ _____ artery, which descends anterior to the _____.

back 170

internal thoracic, pleura

front 171

The costocervical trunk gives rise to the _____ cervical artery.

The costocervical trunk also gives rise to the _____ intercostal artery, which supplies the _____ and _____ intercostal spaces posteriorly.

back 171

deep

supreme, first, second

front 172

The supreme intercostal artery branches from the _____ trunk, which arises from the _____ part of the subclavian artery on the left and the _____ part on the right. It supplies blood to the _____ and _____ intercostal spaces posteriorly.

back 172

costocervical, first, second, first, second

front 173

The main superficial veins draining the neck are the _____ jugular vein and the _____ jugular vein.

back 173

external, anterior

front 174

The anterior jugular veins are united by the _____ venous arch.

back 174

jugular

front 175

what structure unites the anterior jugular veins?

_____ _____ _____

back 175

jugular venous arch

front 176

what does the jugular venous arch unite?

_____ _____ _____

back 176

anterior jugular veins

front 177

What is 1?

back 177

superficial temporal vein

front 178

What is 2?

back 178

facial vein

front 179

What is 3?

back 179

posterior auricular vein

front 180

What is 4?

back 180

occipital vein

front 181

What is 5?

back 181

anterior jugular vein

front 182

What is 6?

back 182

external jugular vein

front 183

What is 7?

back 183

retromandibular vein

front 184

What is 8?

back 184

common facial vein

front 185

What is 9?

back 185

internal jugular vein

front 186

What is 10?

back 186

jugular venous arch

front 187

What is 11?

back 187

transverse cervical vein

front 188

What is 12?

back 188

suprascapular vein

front 189

The external jugular vein is formed by the union of the posterior division of the _____ vein and the _____ auricular vein.

back 189

retromandibular, posterior

front 190

The external jugular vein drains into the _____ vein.

back 190

subclavian

front 191

The tributaries of the external jugular vein located in the posterior triangle include the _____ cervical and _____ arteries.

back 191

transverse, suprascapular

front 192

The external jugular vein also receives the _____ and _____ jugular veins in the posterior triangle.

back 192

anterior, posterior

front 193

The occipital and mastoid lymph nodes drain into the _____ _____ _____ _____

back 193

superficial cervical lymph nodes.

front 194

The occipital and mastoid nodes drain along the _____ jugular vein.

back 194

external

front 195

The deep cervical lymph nodes receive drainage along the _____ _____ _____ .

back 195

internal jugular vein

front 196

The pre-auricular, _____, and _____ lymph nodes drain into the deep cervical nodes.

back 196

parotid, submandibular

front 197

The _____ lymph nodes also drain into the deep cervical nodes.

back 197

submental

front 198

where does lymph from the tonsils drain?

_____ _____

back 198

jugulodigastric node

front 199

On the left side, the jugular trunk and subclavian trunk join the _____ duct, which drains into the junction of the _____ jugular and _____ veins.

back 199

thoracic, internal, subclavian

front 200

On the right side, the jugular trunk and subclavian trunk join the _____ lymphatic duct, which drains into the junction of the _____ jugular and _____ veins.

back 200

right, internal, subclavian

front 201

What is 1?

back 201

right internal jugular vein

front 202

What is 2?

back 202

jugular trunk

front 203

What is 3?

back 203

subclavian trunk

front 204

What is 4?

back 204

right subclavian vein

front 205

What is 5?

back 205

right lymphatic duct

front 206

What is 6?

back 206

right brachiocephalic vein

front 207

What is 7?

back 207

bronchomediastinal trunk

front 208

What is 8?

back 208

superior vena cava

front 209

What is 9?

back 209

left internal jugular vein

front 210

What is 10?

back 210

jugular trunk

front 211

What is 11?

back 211

subclavian trunk

front 212

What is 12?

back 212

left subclavian vein

front 213

What is 13?

back 213

bronchomediastinal trunk

front 214

What is 14?

back 214

left brachiocephalic vein

front 215

What is 15?

back 215

thoracic duct

front 216

The thoracic duct enters the root of the neck to the _____ of the esophagus at approximately the _____ vertebral level.

back 216

left, C5

front 217

The thoracic duct drains into the venous system at the _____ _____ _____.

back 217

left venous angle

front 218

The internal jugular vein begins at the _____ foramen, travels laterally in the _____ sheath, and passes deep to the _____. It has an inferior _____ and valve that prevent backward flow. It joins with the _____ vein to form the brachiocephalic vein.

back 218

jugular, carotid, SCM, bulb, subclavian

front 219

The subclavian artery pulse can be palpated in the _____ supraclavicular fossa. Compressing the artery against the _____ rib can prevent blood loss during an upper limb arterial _____.

back 219

greater, first, hemorrhage

front 220

In a subclavian vein puncture, the needle is inserted inferior to the _____ (at mid-clavicle) and advanced medially toward the tip of the _____ finger placed on the jugular _____.

back 220

thumb, index, notch

front 221

The subclavian vein puncture targets the _____ venous angle, located posterior to the _____ joint, where the internal jugular and subclavian veins unite to form the _____ vein.

back 221

right, sternoclavicular, brachiocephalic

front 222

Two major risks of incorrect needle placement during subclavian vein puncture are _____ and accidental entry into the _____ artery.

back 222

pneumothorax, subclavian

front 223

During subclavian vein puncture, the patient is placed in the _____ position—lying flat with the body elevated above the head by _____ to _____ degrees—to optimize line insertion.

back 223

Trendelenburg, 15, 30

front 224

The Trendelenburg position is used to insert the needle and _____ during _____ line placement.

back 224

catheter, central