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Anatomy JV Exam 3: Anterior Triangle

front 1

what vertebral level is the hyoid bone?

_____

back 1

C3

front 2

what vertebral level is the thryoid cartilage?

_____-_____

back 2

C4-C5

front 3

what vertebral level is the cricoid cartilage?

_____

back 3

C6

front 4

at what rings is the isthmus of the thyroid gland?

around level of _____ through _____ _____ rings

back 4

2nd, 4th, tracheal

front 5

at what level does the common carotid a. bifurcate?

_____

back 5

C4

front 6

major structures that pass between the head and the thorax can be accessed through _______ _______

back 6

anterior triangle

front 7

major structures that pass between the head and the upper limb can be accessed through the ______ ______

back 7

posterior triangle

front 8

what are the boundaries of the anterior & posterior triangles of the neck?

anterior - ______ ______ of ______ , ______ , ______

posterior - ______ , ______ ______ ______ , ______

back 8

anterior midline of neck, SCM, mandible

SCM, middle 1/3 clavicle, trapezius

front 9

the platysma muscle lies within what fascia?

______ ______ ______

back 9

superficial cervical fascia

front 10

The platysma muscle has its superior attachment where it blends with the muscles of ________ ________, and its inferior attachment is to fascia over the ________ and ________ ________ muscles. It is innervated by the ________ branch of the ________ nerve (CN ________).

back 10

facial expression, deltoid, pectoralis major, cervical, facial, VII,

front 11

The ________ nerves (C___ & C___ of the cervical plexus) pierce it to innervate the skin.

back 11

supraclavicular, 3, 4

front 12

The superficial cervical fascia contains ________ nerves, ________ vessels, ________ vessels, ________, and the ________ muscle.

back 12

cutaneous, blood, lymphatic, fat, platysma

front 13

what are the layers/regions of deep cervical fascia?

-________ fascia

-________ fascia

-________ fascia

back 13

investing, pretracheal, prevertebral

front 14

The investing layer of deep cervical fascia splits to enclose the ________ and ________ muscles, the ________ and ________ glands, and at the ________ to create the ________ space.

back 14

sternocleidomastoid, trapezius, submandibular, parotid, manubrium, suprasternal

front 15

where does the investing layer of deep cervical fascia attach posteriorly?

attaches to ________ ________ & ________ ________

back 15

attaches to ligamentum nucahe & spinous processes

front 16

What is 1?

back 16

investing layer

front 17

What is 2?

back 17

investing layer

front 18

What is 3?

back 18

suprasternal space

front 19

what layer encloses structures in the visceral part of the neck?

______ ______

back 19

pretracheal layer

front 20

The pretracheal layer of deep cervical fascia extends from the ________ bone inferiorly to blend with the ________ ________ of the heart.

back 20

hyoid, fibrous pericardium

front 21

The ________ fascia is a posterior continuation of the pretracheal fascia and surrounds the ________ and ________.

back 21

buccopharyngeal, pharynx, esophagus

front 22

The pretracheal fascia has a ________ layer enclosing the infrahyoid muscles and a ________ layer enclosing the thyroid gland, trachea, and esophagus; it also forms ligaments that suspend the ________ and ________ muscles.

back 22

muscular, visceral, digastric, omohyoid

front 23

What is 1?

back 23

hyoid bone

front 24

What is 2?

back 24

buccopharyneal

front 25

What is 3?

back 25

pretracheal

front 26

_____ is name change/continuation or pretracheal fasica, not another layer

back 26

buccopharyngeal

front 27

the prevertebral layer of deep cervical fascia extends laterally to surround what structures?

_____ _____ & _____ _____ (_____ _____)

back 27

brachial plexus & axillary vessels (axillary sheath)

front 28

The ________ fascia is a second layer of prevertebral fascia located between the ________ portion of the prevertebral fascia and the ________ fascia.

back 28

alar, posterior, buccopharyngeal

front 29

The alar fascia extends from the ________ to ________ and subdivides the ________ space, terminating laterally at the ________ sheath.

back 29

cranium, C7, retropharyngeal, carotid

front 30

The carotid sheath contains the ________ & ________ carotid arteries, ________ vein, ________ nerve, deep cervical ________ nodes, sympathetic nerve ________, and the ________ sinus nerve.

back 30

common, internal, internal jugular, vagus, lymph, fibers, carotid

front 31

carotid sheath extends from ________ ________ to root of the ________

back 31

cranial base

neck

front 32

What is 1?

back 32

retropharyngeal space

front 33

What is 2?

back 33

carotid sheath

front 34

What is 3?

back 34

subcutaneous tissue of neck (superficial cervical fascia)

front 35

What is 4?

back 35

investing layer

front 36

What is 5?

back 36

pretracheal layer

front 37

What is 6?

back 37

prevertebral layer

front 38

What is 7?

back 38

alar fascia and caritid sheath

front 39

What is 1?

back 39

pharynx

front 40

What is 2?

back 40

mandible

front 41

What is 3?

back 41

hyoid

front 42

What is 4?

back 42

investing fascia

front 43

What is 5?

back 43

larynx

front 44

What is 6?

back 44

thyroid isthmus

front 45

What is 7?

back 45

suprasternal space

front 46

What is 8?

back 46

trachea

front 47

What is 9?

back 47

manubrium of sternum

front 48

What is 10?

back 48

esophagus

front 49

What is 11?

back 49

anterior longitudinal ligament

front 50

What is 12?

back 50

buccopharyngeal fascia

front 51

What is 13?

back 51

prevertebral fascia

front 52

What is 14?

back 52

pharynx

front 53

What is 15?

back 53

retropharyngeal space

front 54

at what vertebral level does the alar fascia fuse w/ the buccopharyngeal fascia?

____

back 54

T4

front 55

What is 1?

back 55

buccopharyngeal fascia

front 56

What is 2?

back 56

investing layer

front 57

What is 3?

back 57

infrahyoid muscles

front 58

What is 4?

back 58

pretracheal fascia

front 59

What is 5?

back 59

pretracheal space

front 60

What is 6?

back 60

manubrium of sternum

front 61

What is 7?

back 61

prevertebral layer

front 62

What is 8?

back 62

retropharyngeal spcae

front 63

What is 9?

back 63

fascial space with prevertebral layer

front 64

an infection in the pretracheal space can spread where?

from ___ to ___

back 64

from neck to pericardium

front 65

The retropharyngeal space is located between the ________ and ________ layers of fascia, and infection here can spread to the ________ mediastinum.

back 65

alar, buccopharyngeal, superior

front 66

The prevertebral space (aka the "danger space") lies between the ________ and ________ fascial layers, and infection here can spread to the ________ mediastinum and down to the ________.

back 66

alar, prevertebral, posterior, diaphragm

front 67

what are the subdivisions of the anterior triangle?

________/________ ________

________ ________ ________

________ ________ (unpaired)

________ ________/________ ________

back 67

submandibular/digastric triangle

superior carotid triangle

submental triangle (unpaired)

inferior carotid/muscular triangle

front 68

What is 1?

back 68

superior belly of omohyoid muscle

front 69

What is 2?

back 69

muscular triangle

front 70

What is 3?

back 70

hyoid bone

front 71

What is 4?

back 71

submental triangle

front 72

What is 5?

back 72

anterior belly of digastric muscle

front 73

What is 6?

back 73

submandibular triangle

front 74

What is 7?

back 74

stylohyoid muscle

front 75

What is 8?

back 75

posterior belly of digastric muscle

front 76

What is 9?

back 76

sternocleidomastoid muscle

front 77

What is 10?

back 77

carotid triangle

front 78

What is 11?

back 78

posterior triangle

front 79

What is 12?

back 79

trapezius muscle

front 80

what forms the roof & floor of the anterior triangle?

roof - ____ ____ & the ____ muscle

floor - ____ covering the ____ , ____ , & ____ gland

back 80

roof - superficial fascia & the platysma muscle

floor - fascia covering the pharynx, larynx, & thyroid gland

front 81

The submental triangle is an _______ neck triangle bounded by the _______ symphysis, anterior belly of the _______ muscle, and the body of the _______ bone.

back 81

unpaired, mandibular, digastric, hyoid

front 82

The contents of the submental triangle include the submental _______ nodes and tributaries forming the anterior _______ vein.

back 82

lymph, jugular

front 83

The submandibular triangle, also known as the _______ triangle, is a _______ neck triangle bounded by the lower border of the _______, anterior belly of the _______, and posterior belly of the _______.

back 83

digastric, paired, mandible, digastric, digastric

front 84

The carotid sheath in the superior carotid triangle contains the common _______, internal _______, internal jugular , and vagus (_______) nerve.

back 84

carotid, carotid, vein, X

front 85

Branches of the external carotid artery in the superior carotid triangle include superior _______, ascending _______, _______, _______, _______, posterior _______, _______, and superficial _______.

back 85

thyroid, pharyngeal, lingual, facial, occipital, auricular, maxillary, temporal

front 86

Other contents of the superior carotid triangle include tributaries of the internal jugular , hypoglossal () nerve, and roots of the _______ cervicalis (superior and inferior).

back 86

vein, XII, ansa

front 87

Additional nerves in the superior carotid triangle include the cervical branch of the facial () nerve, accessory () nerve, and transverse cervical _______.

back 87

VII, XI, nerve

front 88

The superior carotid triangle is a _______ neck triangle bounded by the posterior belly of the _______, superior belly of the _______, and anterior border of the _______.

back 88

paired, digastric, omohyoid, SCM

front 89

The contents of the superior carotid triangle include the carotid _______, which contains the common _______, internal _______, internal _______, and vagus (_______) nerve.

back 89

sheath, carotid, carotid, vein, jugular, X

front 90

The inferior carotid triangle, also known as the _______ triangle, is a _______ neck triangle bounded by the midline of the _______, superior belly of the _______, and anterior border of the _______.

back 90

muscular, paired, neck, omohyoid, SCM

front 91

The contents of the inferior carotid triangle include the _______ muscle, _______ muscle, _______, _______ muscle, thyroid and _______ glands, and the _______.

back 91

sternohyoid, sternothyroid, omohyoid, thyrohyoid, parathyroid, pharynx

front 92

The _______ muscles are a group that elevate the _______ bone and can lower the _______ when the hyoid is fixed from below.

back 92

suprahyoid, hyoid, mandible

front 93

The stylohyoid muscle is innervated by the _______ nerve, which is cranial nerve _______.

back 93

facial, VII

front 94

The digastric muscle has two bellies: the _______ belly is innervated by the facial nerve (VII), while the _______ belly is innervated by the _______ nerve.

back 94

posterior, anterior, mylohyoid

front 95

The mylohyoid nerve is a _______ of the inferior _______ nerve, which comes from cranial nerve _______.

back 95

branch, alveolar, V3

front 96

The _______ muscle is innervated by the mylohyoid nerve, while the _______ muscle is innervated by the C1 anterior ramus via the _______ nerve.

back 96

mylohyoid, geniohyoid, hypoglossal

front 97

The geniohyoid muscle receives innervation from the _______ anterior ramus that travels via cranial nerve _______, which is the _______ nerve.

back 97

C1, XII, hypoglossal

front 98

The _______ muscles are a group that _______ the hyoid bone, opposite to the action of the suprahyoid muscles.

back 98

infrahyoid, depress

front 99

Three infrahyoid muscles - the _______, _______, and _______ - are all innervated by C1-3 anterior rami via the ansa cervicalis.

back 99

sternohyoid, omohyoid, sternothyroid

front 100

The _______ muscle is the exception among infrahyoid muscles, receiving innervation from the _______ anterior ramus via the _______ nerve.

back 100

thyrohyoid, C1, hypoglossal

front 101

The ansa _______ carries nerve fibers from spinal segments _______ -_______ to innervate most infrahyoid muscles.

back 101

cervicalis, C1, C3

front 102

While most infrahyoid muscles receive innervation via the ansa cervicalis, the thyrohyoid muscle is innervated via cranial nerve _______, which is the _______ nerve.

back 102

XII, hypoglossal

front 103

What is 1?

back 103

hyoid bone

front 104

What is 2?

back 104

thyroid cartilage

front 105

What is 3?

back 105

omohyoid muscle

front 106

What is 4?

back 106

cricoid cartilage

front 107

What is 5?

back 107

sternohyoid muscle

front 108

What is 6?

back 108

internal jugular vein

front 109

What is 7?

back 109

thyrohyoid muscle

front 110

What is 8?

back 110

common carotid artery

front 111

What is 9?

back 111

sternothyroid muscle

front 112

what muscles are innervated by C1 ant rami via hypoglossal n (XII)?

_____ (_____ group)

_____ (_____ group)

back 112

thyrohyoid (infrahyoid group)

geniohyoid (suprahyoid group)

front 113

The branches of the external carotid artery are: _______ _______ (1st branch), _______ pharyngeal, _______, _______, _______, posterior _______, and the two terminal branches _______ and superficial _______.

back 113

superior thyroid, ascending, lingual, facial, occipital, auricular, maxillary, temporal

Some Anatomists Like Freaking Out Poor Medical Students

front 114

What is 1?

back 114

maxillary artery

front 115

What is 2?

back 115

facial artery

front 116

What is 3?

back 116

lingual artery

front 117

What is 4?

back 117

external carotid artery

front 118

What is 5?

back 118

superior thyroid artery

front 119

What is 6?

back 119

thyroid gland

front 120

What is 7?

back 120

common carotid artery

front 121

What is 8?

back 121

carotid sinus

front 122

What is 9?

back 122

ascending pharyngeal artery

front 123

What is 10?

back 123

internal carotid artery

front 124

What is 11?

back 124

occipital artery

front 125

What is 12?

back 125

internal jugular vein

front 126

What is 13?

back 126

posterior auricular artery

front 127

What is 14?

back 127

superficial temporal artery

front 128

The first branch of the external carotid artery is the _______ _______ artery.

The terminal branches of the external carotid artery are the _______ _______ artery and the _______ artery.

back 128

superior thyroid

superficial temporal, maxillary

front 129

The common carotid and external carotid pulses can be palpated in the _______ triangle of the neck, with the common carotid felt _______ to the larynx and the external carotid felt immediately _______ to the pharynx midway between the superior margin of the _______ cartilage and below the greater horn of the _______ bone.

back 129

anterior, posterolateral, lateral, thyroid, hyoid

front 130

The glossopharyngeal nerve emerges deep to the _______ process and passes between the internal and external _______ arteries.

back 130

styloid, carotid

front 131

The glossopharyngeal nerve sends sensory branches to the carotid _______ and the _______.

back 131

sinus, pharynx

front 132

The glossopharyngeal nerve passes across the lateral border of the _______ muscle and innervates it.

back 132

stylopharyngeus

front 133

The glossopharyngeal nerve continues anteriorly, deep to the _______, to reach the base of the _______ and the palatine _______.

back 133

hyoglossus, tongue, tonsil

front 134

What is 1?

back 134

hyoglossus muscle

front 135

What is 2?

back 135

stylopharyngeus muscle

front 136

What is 3?

back 136

glossopharyngeal nerve IX

front 137

What is 4?

back 137

internal jugular vein

front 138

What is 5?

back 138

pharyngeal branch

front 139

What is 6?

back 139

carotid sinus branch

front 140

What is 7?

back 140

external carotid artery

front 141

The vagus nerve enters the _______ sheath and descends through the neck medial to the _______ jugular vein and posterior to the _______ arteries.

back 141

carotid, internal, carotid

front 142

The vagus nerve sends motor branches to the _______, sensory branches to the carotid _______, and gives off the superior _______ nerve and possibly a _______ branch.

back 142

pharynx, body, laryngeal, cardiac

front 143

What is 1?

back 143

cardiac branch

front 144

What is 2?

back 144

internal and external branches of superior laryngeal nerve

front 145

What is 3?

back 145

pharyngeal branch

front 146

What is 4?

back 146

inferior ganglion

front 147

What is 5?

back 147

internal jugular vein

front 148

What is 6?

back 148

vagus nerve X

front 149

What is 7?

back 149

carotid body branch

front 150

What is 8?

back 150

external carotid artery

front 151

The carotid sinus contains _______ that detect changes in arterial _______ pressure.

The carotid sinus is innervated primarily by the _______ nerve (cranial nerve _______) with contributions from the _______ nerve (cranial nerve _______).

back 151

baroreceptors, blood

glossopharyngeal, IX, vagus, X

front 152

The carotid body is located on the _______ side of the carotid bifurcation near the carotid _______, functions as a _______ that monitors _______ levels in blood, and is innervated by the _______ nerve with contributions from the _______ nerve.

back 152

deep, sinus, chemoreceptor, O2, glossopharyngeal, vagus

front 153

The accessory nerve descends medial to the _______ _______ vein and crosses its lateral surface deep to the _______ muscle.

The accessory nerve gives _______ branches in the anterior triangle and innervates the _______ and _______ muscles.

back 153

internal jugular, SCM

no, SCM, trapezius

front 154

The hypoglossal nerve crosses between the _______ _______ vein and _______ _______ artery, hooks around the _______ artery, travels deep to the posterior belly of the _______ and _______ muscles, then travels superficial to the _______ and disappears deep to the _______; it gives _______ branches in the anterior triangle en route to the _______.

back 154

internal jugular, internal carotid, occipital, digastric, stylohyoid, hyoglossus, mylohyoid, no, tongue

front 155

The transverse cervical nerve is a branch of the _______ plexus from spinal segments _______ and _______, loops around the _______ muscle, and provides _______ innervation to the skin of the _______ triangle.

back 155

cervical, C2, C3, SCM, sensory, anterior

front 156

What is 1?

back 156

hypoglossal nerve

front 157

What is 2?

back 157

thyrohoid muscle

front 158

What is 3?

back 158

omohyoid muscle (superior belly)

front 159

What is 4?

back 159

superior root of ansa cervicalis

front 160

What is 5?

back 160

sternohyoid muscle

front 161

What is 6?

back 161

sternothyroid muscle

front 162

What is 7?

back 162

C1

front 163

What is 8?

back 163

C2

front 164

What is 9?

back 164

C3

front 165

What is 10?

back 165

inferior root of ansa cervicalis

front 166

What is 11?

back 166

omohyoid muscle (inferior belly)

front 167

What is 1?

back 167

external carotid artery

front 168

What is 2?

back 168

glossopharyngeal nerve

front 169

What is 3?

back 169

hyoglossal nerve

front 170

What is 4?

back 170

internal jugular vein

front 171

What is 5?

back 171

vagus nerve

front 172

What is 6?

back 172

common carotid artery

front 173

What is 7?

back 173

mylohyoid

front 174

which cervical nerves form the roots of the ansa cervicalis

superior root - branches of ___, ___

inferior root - branches of ___, ___

back 174

C1, C2

C2, C3

front 175

The thyroid gland receives blood from the _______ _______ artery, the first branch of the _______ _______ artery, and the _______ _______ artery, a branch of the _______ trunk.

back 175

superior thyroid, external carotid, inferior thyroid, thyrocervical

front 176

During a thyroidectomy, care must be taken not to damage the _______ nerves and to retain the _______ _______ glands.

back 176

laryngeal, parathyroid